Safety arrester cable
Patent 7107751 Issued on September 19, 2006. Estimated Expiration Date: 
November 19, 2022. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
November 19, 2022. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.Patent References 2347229 Tire cord composite and pneumatic tire Rope with reduced lash-back construction Cables and tires reinforced by said cables Hybrid bow string formed from strands of polyethylene resin and polyparabenzamide/polybenzobisoxazole resin Rope for the taking along and transferring of paper webs in the manufacture of paper and cardboard on paper machines Patent #: 5934168 InventorAssigneeApplicationNo. 10495761 filed on 11/19/2002US Classes:57/237, Cabled or cord type (i.e., plied plies)152/451, Tire cord reinforcement materials, per se124/90, Bow string or attachment thereto87/8, Braided57/238, Composite152/527Physical structure of reinforcing cordsExaminersPrimary: Hurley, Shaun RAttorney, Agent or FirmForeign Patent References
International ClassD02G 3/02DescriptionCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is entitled to the benefit of and incorporates by reference essential subject matter disclosed in International Application No. PCT/CH02/00623 filed on Nov. 19, 2002 and Swiss Patent Application No. 2220/01 filed on Dec. 5,2001. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a safety arrester cable consisting of a cable manufactured of high-strength synthetic fibres and attachment eyes of metal which are fastened to this. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Safety arrester cables, in the state of the art are applied where rigid connections are to be able to destroyed under certain conditions, and it is to be ensured that the part which has broken away may not fly off in an uncontrolled manner and onaccount of this create damage or endanger people. In motor racing sport it is often the case that with collisions of two vehicles, or of a vehicle with the bordering of the racing track, the wheel axles and their suspension break, and the wheel flies off in an uncontrolled manner or iscatapulted away. People at the edge of the racing track have often been injured or even killed by way of this. This problem is known and safety regulations have been imposed to the extent that the wheels must be connected to the body of the vehicle viaa safety arrester cable. Until now many grave accidents have been avoided by way of this safety precaution, but despite this, the safety arrester cables applied until now still have an insufficient effect. On the market today there are fibres or yarns manufactured from these which have a tear strength which is a multiple greater than that of steel fibres. Whilst for example steel fibres have tear strength of 3.0 cN/ dtex, carbon fibres have tearstrength of 20 cN/ dtex. The relatively elastic m-aramide fibres also have a tear strength of 4.7 CN/dtex, whilst the rigid p-aramide fibres have a tear strength of 19 CN/ dtex and modern PBO fibres even have tear strength of about 37 cN/dtex. Safetyarrester cables which are manufactured from these modern highly tear-resistant fibres, such as carbon fibres, p-aramide fibres and PBO fibres are capable of accommodating tensile forces which indeed far exceed the forces which actually occur. Accordingly such safety arrester cables have been manufactured of corresponding highly tear-resistant fibres, wherein the corresponding yarns of such highly tear-resistant fibres have been endlessly wound between the two end attachment eyes. Thecorresponding fibres as a result of this all run parallel to one another. With regard to those accidents which were investigated, one could ascertain that the cable stood up to the forces occurring between the two attachment eyes, whilst it was theattachment eyes which were broken. The construction of such a safety arrester cable according to the state of the art is shown in FIG. 6. The actual cable A is shown in FIG. 6. The actual cable A is manufactured of several endlessly wound loops B andruns through an attachment eye C which here is shown merely schematically. A shrinkage sleeve D is attached over the cable A. As already mentioned, the occurring breakages have always been ascertained at the attachment eye. This is not very surprisingsince the highly tear-resistant materials usually have an extension up to the breakage extension of 1.5 to maximally 3.5 percent. This in principle could also be compensated by way of manufacturing a correspondingly long safety arrester cable. Thishowever cannot be done since on account of this there exists the danger that the wheel which is attached to the arrester cable could impact the driver. Added to this is the fact that it is indeed in motor racing sport that an as light as possible safetyarrester cable with an as low as possible air resistance is desired. Thus it is no solution to manufacture the safety arrester cables of a less high-strength but more elastic material and to design the cable accordingly thicker. The problem may only be solved by way of observing the cable and the attachment eye as a coherent system, wherein this system must have the best possible work-to-break-energy. In one article, E. R. Barron "Hybrid Tyre Cords Containing Kevlar Aramid" (Kautschuk GummiKunstoffe, Vol. 40, 1987, No. 2, pages 130 135) describes the advantages of three-ply so-called hybrid cables which are manufactured from combinations ofaramide with nylon, polyester or other textile yarns. Such hybrid yarns compared to pure yams have an improved elasticity and an increased resistance to fatigue breakage. These facts have been realised in tyre manufacturing technology, not only inmotor racing. It is therefore the object of the present invention to improve a safety arrester cable of the initially mentioned type such that the work-to-break-energy of the whole system of the safety arrester cable is significantly increased and thus adanger of a breakage of the safety arrester cable may be significantly reduced. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed in one aspect to a safety arrester cable manufactured of high strength synthetic fibers and attachment eyes of metal fastened thereto. The cable is twisted from a blending of threads with relatively rigidsynthetic filaments with an extension until breakage of 2 to 5% and also of relatively elastic synthetic filaments with an extension of 12 to 25% until breakage. The yarn strands are twisted in a balanced manner while the cable is twisted in aunbalanced manner. Preferably, the ends of the threads or the yarn strand ends are provided with a coating thereby forming a cable which thickens towards the open ends. The ends being held by a positive fit in the attachment eyes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THEDRAWINGS One preferred embodiment of the subject-matter of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawings and is explained hereinafter. There are shown in: FIG. 1 is a view of a hybrid yarn created with a Z-twist and FIG. 2 is a section through the hybrid blended yarn according to FIG. 1 FIG. 3 schematically shows the yarn ends of a detwisted cable which is thickened with a resin coating FIG. 4 shows the end of the safety arrester cable according to the invention, wherein the attachment eye is longitudinally sectioned FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the energy uptake in dependence on time, whilst FIG. 6 schematically shows a known safety arrester cable according to the state of the art, as is used today in motor racing sport. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a view of a hybrid blended yarn section. The yarn section is indicated as a whole at 1. It consists of several twisted threads 2, wherein each thread 2 consists of a bundle of untwisted filaments 3. In the sectioned drawingaccording to FIG. 2 one recognises that two threads 2' consists of highly tear-resistant, relatively rigid filaments 2' whilst one thread 2'' is manufactured of less tear-resistant but elastic material. With regard to the threads 2' which are manufactured of a relatively rigid synthetic filaments, it is the case of plastic filaments from the selection of PBO (poly-p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), carbon fibres and p-aramides. In contrast tothis, the thread 2'' consists of filaments of relatively elastic material from the selection of m-aramides, PBI, polyurethane (elastane) and polyester. Such PBO fibres are offered under the trade description Zylon.RTM. of the company Toyobo Co., Ltd in Osaka, Japan. As already initially mentioned, these relatively rigid materials have a tear strength of between 19 and 37 cN/dtex. The elasticthread 2'' preferably consists of the selection of m-aramides, PBI and polyester which in contrast have a tear strength of 2.7 to 8 cN/dtex. The threads 2 may be twisted with an S-twist with which the filaments run parallel to the running direction ofthe threads, or in the Z-direction (Z-twist). It is however essential that the yarn or the yarn strands are twisted in a balanced manner (balanced twist) which ensures a high tear strength whilst the cable manufactured of this yarn or from these yarnstrands is twisted in an unbalanced manner (unbalanced) since this effects an additional extension effect. A so-called O-twist (zero twist) falls under the balanced twist. With this, the untwisted thread is not unwound overend but is fed more or less without tension and with deflection. The usual overend feeding usually effects a tension which leadsto an uncontrolled slight twisting so that no balanced twisting would be present. A cable according to FIG. 4 is twisted from the yarn according to the FIGS. 1 and 2. This cable is preferably manufactured with a Z-twist. With the Z-twist the yarns do not run parallel to the longitudinal direction of the yarn but parallel tothe longitudinal direction of the cable. Whilst with the S-twist as in FIG. 1 an increased force transmission from the rigid threads 2' to the elastic threads 2'' is effected, wherein a yarn practically arises which has the physical properties of themixture, the Z-twist ensures the retention of the properties of the blended yarn. The end properties of the cable may be adapted to the application profile with the selection of the yarn. Thanks to the particular shaping of the cable itself, despite the enormously high tear strength, an increased extension is also effected, by which means an improved energy uptake (work-to-break energy) is achieved. With regard to thus thediagram in FIG. 5 is referred to. Here on the abscissa the force F is plotted and on the ordinate the elasticity E. The respective hatched areas represent the possible energy uptake until breakage. Whilst the small area S for example shows thework-to-break-energy of steel (S), the area H represents the work-to-break-energy of the hybrid design selected here. This however may only be achieved by way of designing the attachment eye 4 in a suitable manner as well as the accommodation of thecable 5 in the attachment eye 4. The attachment eye 4 has a conical tube section 6 which is open at both sides. The opening 7 with the smaller diameter lies towards the cable whilst the opening 8 with the larger diameter is distant to the cable. Anattachment bow 9 is present via the opening with the larger diameter. The attachment bow 9 may be manufactured as one piece with the conical tube section 6 or may be connected to this by welding. The complete attachment eye 4 is manufactured of ahardened steel which is additionally hardened with a vacuum solder layer. For fastening the cable 5 in the attachment eye 4, the open end of the cable 5 is detwisted in this region and the ends 1' of the yarn sections are immersed in a resin. The ends 1' are thickened by way of this. The end of the cable 5 isaccordingly thicker than the cable itself. This thickened end of the cable 5 is wedged by way of the tension in the conical tube section 6 of the attachment eye 4. If the safety arrester cable according to the invention comes into effect due to a destruction of the connected parts which are rigid per se, then in the first moment a part of the energy is accommodated by way of the extension of the cable 5. The transition of the forces from the cable to the attachment eye is then effected with a certain elasticity with which deformation work is carried out and the energy tips are flattened. At the same time the intermediate spaces remaining between thethickened end regions are destroyed on wedging and at the same time the resin is highly compressed. In order to increase the work-to-break energy, it is possible to provide the inner surface of the conical tube section 6 with a coating 10. Such a coating may for example consist of a thin layer of plastic or vulcanised rubber. Whilst the present invention is preferably operated for use in motor car racing for securing the wheels given a axle breakage, further technological applications are absolutely conceivable. For example a use with trailer coupling would bepossible. * * * * * Other References
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