Patent References 3427978 3923426 Electrokinetic transducing methods and apparatus and systems comprising or utilizing the same System and method for improving sample concentration in capillary electrophoresis Apparatus and methods for controlling fluid flow in microchannels Concentration of biological samples on a microliter scale and analysis by capillary electrophoresis Indirect electrode-based pumps Electokinetic high pressure hydraulic system Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system Micropump InventorsApplicationNo. 10066528 filed on 01/31/2002US Classes:417/50, Electromagnetic417/49, Ionic with gettering417/48, ELECTRICAL OR GETTER TYPE417/53PROCESSESExaminersPrimary: Yu, Justine R.Assistant: Solak, Timothy P. International ClassesH02R 4400F04F 1100 F04B 1924 AbstractVariable potential electrokinetic devices and electrokinetic multipliers used for pumping and flow control are disclosed that offer improvements in safety and design flexibility. The devices of the present invention take advantage of combinations of pumping conduits and conducting conduits to permit the use of lower operating voltages in pumps, pressure multipliers, and flow controllers. Devices having N pumping stages and 2N+1 electrodes permit the use of arbitrary voltages at the fluid connection points between the devices and other system components, further improving device safety and flexibility.Other References
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