Capsules for electrophoretic displays and methods for making the same
Patent 6262833 Issued on July 17, 2001.
Estimated Expiration Date: October 6, 2019.
Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
359/296, Changing position or orientation of suspended particles204/450, Electrophoresis or electro-osmosis processes and electrolyte compositions therefor when not provided for elsewhere204/606, Gel electrophoresis type264/4, ENCAPSULATING NORMALLY LIQUID MATERIAL345/107Particle suspensions (e.g., electrophoretic)
An encapsulated electrophoretic display is made of at least one display element. Each display element includes at least one capsule. The capsule contains at least two substantially immiscible fluids. The first fluid includes an additive, and the second fluid contains a plurality of particles.
Other References
Anders, K., "Monodisperse Droplet Streams and Their Application in Space", Proc. Symp. Fluid Dynam., 1986, pp. 119-125
Berglund et al., "Generation of Monodisperse Aerosol Standards", Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 7, No. 1,Jan. 1973, pp. 147-153
Bruce, C.A., "Dependence of Ink Jet Dynamics on Fluid Characteristics", IBM J. Res. Develop., Dec. 5, 1975, pp. 258-270
Dabora, E.K., "Production of Monodisperse Sprays", The Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 38, No. 4, Apr. 1967, pp. 502-506
Duthaler, GM, "Design of a Drop-On-Demand Delivery System for Molten Solder Microdrops", Submitted to the Dept. of Mech. Eng. at MIT, Jan. 1995, pp. 1-73
Esen, "Synthesis of Spherical Microcapsules by Photopolymerization in Aerosols", Colloid & Polymer Science, vol. 275, No. 2, 1997, pp. 131-137
Franjinone et al., "The Art and Science of Microencapsulation", Technology Today, 1995, no page numbers
Ganan-Calvo, "Generation of Steady Microthreads and Micron-Sized Monodisperse Sprays in Gas Streams", The American Physical Society, vol. 80, No. 2, Jan. 12, 1998, pp. 285-288
Lee, L., "A Magnetic-Particles Display", Proc. Soc. Inf. Disp. (USA), vol. 16, No. 3 (1975), pp. 177-184
Lin et al., "Vibrating Orifice Droplet Generator for Precision Optical Studies", Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol. 61, No. 3, Mar. 1990, pp. 1018-1023
Luckham, P.F. etc., "The Controlled Flocculation of Particulate Dispersion Using Small Particles of Opposite Charge. II. Investigation of Floc Structure Using a Freeze-Fracture Technique", Colloids and Surfaces, 6 (1983), pp. 83-95
Luckham, P.F. etc., "The Controlled Flocculation of Particulate Dispersion Using Small Particles of Opposite Charge. III. Investigation of Floc Structure Using a Freeze-Fracture Technique", Colloids and Surfaces, 6 (1983), pp. 101-118
Mansson, A., "Investigation of Electrically Charged Liquid Jets", Physica Scripta 4, Nov. 11, 1971, pp. 221-226
Matsumoto et al., "A Production Process for Uniform-Size Polymer Particles", Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan, vol. 22, No. 6, 1989, pp. 691-694
Matsumoto et al., "Design Criteria of Hollow Cone Nozzle and Predicition of Drop Size Distribution", Proc. Of 1st International Conference of Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 1978, pp. 79-84
Matsumoto et al., "Production of Monodispersed Capsules", J. Microencapsulation, vol. 3, No. 1, 1986, pp. 25-31
McCarthy et al., "Review of Stability of Liquid Jets and Influence of Nozzle Design", The Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 7, 1974, pp. 1-20
Nakabu, S et al, "The Development of Super-High Aperture Ratio with Low Electrically Resistive Material for High-Resolution TFT-LCDs", SID 99 Digest, pp. 732-735
Orme et al., "Droplet Patterns from Capillary Stream Breakup", Phys. Fluids, vol. 5, No. 1, Jan. 1993, pp. 80-90
Orme et al., "New Technique for Producing Highly Uniform Droplet Streams Over an Extended Range of Disturbance Wavenumbers", Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 58, 1987, pp. 279-284
Orme et al., "The Maipulation of Capillary Stream Breakup Using Amplitude Modulated Distrubances: A Pictorial and Quantitative Representation", Phys. Fluids, vol. 2, No. 7, Jul. 1990, pp. 1124-1140
Park et al., "A Device for Producing Controlled Collisions Between Pairs of Drops", Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 20, pp. 39-45
Reyleigh, "On the Instability of Jets", Proc. London Math Soc., vol. 10, 1879, pp. 4-13
Ridley et al, "All-Inorganic Field effect Transistors Fabricated by Printing", Science, Oct. 22, 1999, vol. 286, pp. 746-748
Scheller et al., "Viscous Jet Breakup: Nonsinusoidal Disturbances", Chem. Eng. Comm., vol. 107, 1991, pp. 35-53
Schummer et al., "Production of Monodispersed Drops by Forced Disturbance of a Free Jet", Ger. Chem. Eng., vol. 5, 1982, pp. 209-220
Shimoda et al., "Multicolor Pixel Patterning of Light-Emitting Polymers by Ink-Jet Printing", SID 99 Digest, May 1999, pp. 377-379
Slocum, AH, "Kinematic Coupling Design", Precision Machine Design, Prentice Hall 1992, pp. 401-412
Soule, C.A., "E Ink Pens Deal with Lucent", Mass. High Technology, Jul. 10, 2000, pp. 1, 18
Tjahjadi et al., "Satellite and Subsatellite Formation in Capillary Breakup", The Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 243, 1992, pp. 297-317
Vincent, B. etc., "Adsorption of Small, Positive Particles onto Large, Negative Particles in the Presence of Polymer", J.C.S. Faraday 1, 1980, 76, pp. 665-673
White, F.M., Excerpts from Fluid Mechanics, 1997, pp. 351-356
Nakamura et al., "Development of Electrophoretic Display Using Microencapsulated Suspension," 1998 ISD International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, vol. 29, Proceedings of SID '98 International Symposium, May 1998, (pp. 1014-1017)
Drzaic et al., "44.3L: A Printed and Rollable Bistable Electronic Display," SID 98 Digest, 1998, (pp. 1131-1134)
Brenn et al., "Monodisperse Sprays for Various Purposes--Their Production and Characteristics," Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 13, 1996, (pp. 179-185)
Brenn et al., "A New Apparatus for the Production of Monodisperse Sprays at High Flow Rates," Chemical Engineering Science, 1997, vol. 52, No. 2, (pp. 237-244)
Matsumoto et al. (1982) "Generation of Monodispersed Concentric Two Phase Droplets for Encapsulation," ICLASS-'82, Reports & Proc, 2nd Int. Conf. on Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems, Paper 2-4:63-67
Heinzl and Hertz (1985), "Ink Jet Printing," Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics, 65:91-171
Ackerman, "E Ink of Cambridge Gets Start-Up Funding," Dec. 1997
Ballinger, "Magnetic Recording Paper is Erasble," Electronics, Mar. 1973, (pp. 73-76)
Chiang et al., "11.5/4:10 P.M.: A High Speed Electrophoretic Matrix Display," SID 80 Digest, 1980, (pp. 114-115)
Chiang et al. (1979), "7.5/4:05 P.M.: A Stylus Writable Electrophoretic Display Device," SID 79 Digest, pp. 44-45
Chiang, "Conduction Mechanism of Charge Control Agents Used in Electrophoretic Display Devices," Proceeding of the S.I.D., 1977, vol. 18, Nos. 3 & 4, (pp. 275-282)
Comiskey et al., "7.4L: Late-News Paper: Electrophoretic Ink: A Printable Display Material," SID 97 Digest, 1997, (pp. 75-76)
Croucher et al., "Electrophoretic Display: Materials as Related to Performance," Photographic Science and Engineering, 1981, 25(2): 80-86
Dalisa, "Electrophoretic Display Technology," Transactions on Electron Devices, Jul. 1977, vol. 24, No. 7, (pp. 827-834)
Egashira et al., "A Solid Electrochromic Cell Consisting of LU-Diphthalocyanine and Lead Fluoride," Proceedings of the SID, 1987, vol. 28, No. 3, (pp. 227-232)
Fitzhenry, "Optical Effects of Adsorption of Dyes on Pigment Used on Electrophoretic Image Displays," Applied Optics, Oct. 1979, vol. 18, No. 19, (pp. 3332-3337)
Fitzhenry, "Optical Properties of Electrophoretic Image Displays," Proceedings of the SID, 1981, vol. 22, No. 4, (pp. 300-309)
Gutcho, "Microencapsulation with Synthetic Polymeric Film Formers," Microcapsules and Microencapsulation Techniques, 1976, (pp. 65-130)
Gutcho, "Pigments and Paints," Microcapsules and Microencapsulation Techniques, 1976, (pp. 178-193)
"Electronic Book is a Whole Library," Sunday Times Newspaper, Feb. 1996
"Electronic Ink Sign Debuts at JCPenney," Boston Globe, May 1999
Comiskey et al., "An Electrophoretic Ink for All-Printed Reflective Electronic Displays," Nature, Jul. 1998, vol. 394, (pp. 253-255)
Flaherty, "What Did Disappearing Ink Grow Up to Be? Electronic Ink," The New York Times, May 1999
Goodman, "Passive Liquid Displays: Liquid Crystals, Electrophoretics, and Electrochromics," Proceeding of the SID, 1976, vol. 17, No. 1, (pp. 30-38)
Gutcho, "Additional Uses for Encapsulated Products," Microencapsules and Microencapsulation Techniques, 1976, (pp. 278-343)
Hatano et al., "18.3: Bistable Paper-White Display Device Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals," SID 96 Digest, 1996, (pp. 269-272)
Howe, "MIT Book Would Bind Computer "Ink" to Paper," Boston Globe, 1996, (pp. 31 & 35)
Ji et al., "P-50: Polymer Walls in Higher-Polymer-Content Bistable Reflective Cholesteric Displays," SID 96 Digest, (pp. 611-613)
Jin et al., "Optically Transparant, Electrically Conductive Composite Medium," Science, 1992, (pp. 446-448)
Lewis, "Gravitational, Inter-Particle and Particle-Electrode Forces in the Electrophoretic Display," Proceeding of the SID, 1977, vol. 18, Nos. 3 & 4 (pp. 235-242)
Microencapsulation: Processes and Applications, Jan. E. Vandegaer, ed., American Chemical Society Symposium, Chicago, IL, 1973, pp. v-x, 1-180 (published by Plenum Press, New York, 1974)
Murau et al., "7.6/4:40 P.M.: An Electrophoretic Radiographic Device," SID 79 Digest, 1979, (pp. 46-47)
Murau et al., "The Understanding and Elimination of Some Suspension Instabilities in a Electrophoretic Display," J. Appl. Phys., Sep. 1978, vol. 49, No. 9 (pp. 4820-4829)
Platt, "Digital Ink," Wired, May 1997, (pp. 162, 165, 208-210)
Peterson, "Rethinking Ink Printing the Pages of an Electronic Book," Science News, Jun. 1998, vol. 153, (pp. 396-397)
Saitoh et al., "A Newly Developed Electrical Twisting Ball Display," Proceedings of the SID, 1982 vol. 23, No. 4, (pp. 249-253)
Sheridon et al., "The Gryicon--A Twisting Ball Display," Proceeding of the SID, 1977, vol. 18, Nos. 3 & 4, (pp. 289-293)
Shiffman et al., "An Electrophoretic Display with Internal NMOS Address Logic and Display Drivers," Proceedings of the SID, 1984, vol. 25, No. 2, (pp. 105-115)
Vaz et al., "Dual Frequency Addressing of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid-Crystal Films," J. Appl. Phys., Jun. 1989, vol. 65, No. 12, (pp. 5043-5050)
Shiwa et al., "5.6: Electrophoretic Display Method Using Ionographic Technology," SID 88 Digest, 1988, (pp. 61-62)
Singer et al., "An X-Y Addressable Electrophoretic Display," Proceeding of the SID, 1977, vol. 18, Nos. 3 & 4, (pp. 255-266)
Van Winkle et al. (1986) "Layering Transitions in Colloidal Crystals as Observed by Diffraction and Direct-Lattice Imaging", Physical Review, 34:562-573
Vance, "Optical Characteristics of Electrophoretic Displays," Proceeding of the SID, 1977, vol. 18, Nos. 3 & 4, (pp. 267-274)
White, "An Electrophoretic Bar Graph Display," Proceedings of the SID, 1981, 22(3):173-180
Yamaguchi et al., "Equivalent Circuit of Ion Projection-Driven Electrophoretic Display," IEICE Transactions, 1991, vol. 74, No. 12, (4152-4156)
Yang et al., "A New Architecture for Polymer Transistors," Nature, Nov. 1994, vol. 372, (pp. 344-346)
Zollinger, "Structure of Simple Di-and Triarylmethine Dyes," Color Chemistry, 1991, (pp. 71-75)
Anita, "Switchable Reflections Make Electronic Ink," Science, 1999, 256:658
October 6, 2019.
Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
