Patent 6048622 Issued on April 11, 2000. Estimated Expiration Date: February 9, 2019. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
428/461, Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers310/357, Orientation of piezoelectric polarization310/358, Ceramic composition (e.g., barium titanate)428/689Metal-compound-containing layer
Composites for actuating or sensing deformation. In embodiments, the composites have a series of flexible, elongated piezoelectric fibers arranged in a parallel array with adjacent fibers separated by relatively soft polymer. The piezoelectric fibers have a common poling direction transverse to their axial extension. The composite further includes flexible conductive material along the axial extension of the fibers for imposing or detecting an electric field.
Other References
Newnham, R.E. et al., "Connectivity and Piezoelectric-Pyroelectric Composites," Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 13, pp. 525-536, 1978
Skinner, D.P. et al., "Flexible Composite Transducers," Mat. Res. Bull., vol. 13, p. 599-607, 1978
Klicker, K.A. et al., "Composites of PZT and Epoxy for Hydrostatic Transducer Applications," Jnl. Of the Amer. Ceramic Soc., vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 5-9, Jan. 19, 1981
Safari, A. et al., "Composite Piezoelectric Sensors," Materials Science Research, vol. 20, "Tailoring Multiphase and Comp. Ceram.," pp. 445-454,Tressler et al. Eds., Plenum Press, 1985
Newnham, R.E., "Composite Electroceramics," Ferroelectrics, vol. 68, pp. 1-32, 1986
Lee, Chih-Kung, "Piezoelectric Laminates for Torsional and Bending Modal Control: Theory And Experiment," Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, May, 1987
Smith, W.A., "The Role of Piezocomposites in Ultrasonic Transducers," Proc., 1989 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, pp. 1-12, 1989
Smith, W.A., "Modeling 1-3 Composite Piezoelectrics: Thickness-Mode Oscillations," IEEE Trans. On Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 1-11, 1990
Waller, D.J. et al., "Woven PZT Ceramic/Polymer Composites for Transducer Applications," 7th Int. Symp. On Appls. Of Ferroelectrics, pp. 82-85, Jun. 6-8, 1990
Waller, D.J. et al., "Lead Zirconate Titanate Fiber/Polymer Composites Prepared by a Replication Process," J. Am. Cer. Soc., vol. 73, No. 11, pp. 3503-3506, Nov. 1990
Panthalingal, N., "Piezoelectric Composites of PZT/Epoxy for Sensing and Actuating Torsional Motion," M.S. thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, Aug., 1992
Waller, D.J. et al., "Piezoelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramic Fiber/Polymer Composites," J. Am. Cer. Soc., vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 1648-1655, 1992
Barrett, R., "Active Plate and Wing Research Using EDAP Elements," Smart Mat. Struct., vol. 1, pp. 214-226, 1992
Wetherhold, R.C. et al., "Piezoelectric PZT/Epoxy Composites for Sensing and Actuating Torsional Motion," Proc. SPIE Smart Struct. And Mater. Conf., vol. 1916, pp. 266-274, Feb. 1993
Hagood, N.W. et al., "Improving Transverse Actuation of Piezoceramics Using Interdigitated Surface Electrodes," SPIE Smart Struct. And Mater. Conf., vol. 1917, pp. 341-352, 1993
Hagood, N.W. et al., "Development of Piezoelectric Fiber Composites for Structural Actuation," 34th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conf., pp. 1-15, Apr. 19-22, 1993
Bent, A.A. et al., "Anisotropic Actuation with Piezoelectric Fiber Composites," Fourth Int. Conf. On Adaptive Structures, pp. 1-16, Cologne, Germany, Nov. 2-4, 1993
February 9, 2019. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
