Patent 5957852 Issued on September 28, 1999. Estimated Expiration Date: June 2, 2018. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
The system described ultrasonically images a target with energy spreading transmissions. Generally, ultrasonic energy corresponding to a line focus is transmitted into a target at a fundamental center frequency. The target may or may not include contrast agents. In either case, echoes are received at a harmonic of the fundamental center frequency. Echoes are also received at the fundamental center frequency. The echoes received at the harmonic center frequency are efficiently compounding with the echoes received at the fundamental center frequency.
Other References
Yang-Sub Lee, et al., "Time-Domain Modeling of Pulsed Finite-Amplitude Sound Beams." J. Acoustical Society of America, 97 (2), Feb. 1995
William Armstrong, M.D., et al., "Position Paper on Contrast Echocardiography." American Society of Echocardiography, draft 1, Jun. 6, 1994
Volkmar Uhlendorf, et al., "Nonlinear Acoustical Response of Coated Microbubbles in Diagnostic Ultrasound." IEEE 1994 Ultrasonics Symposium
V.L. Newhouse, et al., "Bubble size measurements using the nonlinear mixing of two frequencies." J. Acoustical Society of America, 75 (5), May 1984
Ted Christopher, "Finite Amplitude Distortion-Based Inhomogeneous Pulse Echo Ultrasonic Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 125-139, Jan. 1997
Robert M. Lerner, et al., "`Sonoelasticity`Images Derived from Ultrasound Signals in Mechanically Vibrated Tissues." Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, vol. 16, No. 3 (1990)
Robert Entrekin, et al., "Real Time Speckle Reduction in B-Mode Images," Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, Sep. 1979
Paul A. Magnin, et al., "Frequency Compounding for Speckle Contrast Reduction in Phased Array Images," Ultrasonic Imaging 4, 267-281 (1982)
Pi Hsien Chang, et al., "Second Harmonic Imaging and Harmonic Doppler Measurements with Albunex." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 42, No. 6, Nov. 1995
M. Elbaum, et al., "A Wavelength Diversity Technique for Reduction of Speckle Size," Optics Communications, vol. 5, No. 3, Jun. 1972
M. Elbaum, et al., "SNR in Photocounting Images of Rough Objects in Partially Coherent Light," Applied Optics, vol. 15, p. 2268, Sep. 1976
Marc Gensane, "Bubble population measurements with a parametric array." J. Acoustical Society of America, 95 (6), Jun. 1994
Michalakis A. Averkiou, et al., "Self-Demodulation of Amplitude-and Frequency-Modulated Pulses in a Thermoviscous Fluid." J. Acoustical Society of America, 94 (5), Nov. 1993
Kevin J. Parker, PhD., et al., "Sonoelasticity of Organs: Shear Waves Ring A Bell." American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Ultrasound Med. II: 387-392, 1992
K.J. Parker, et al., "Tissue Response to Mechanical Vibrations for `Sonoelasticity Imaging`." Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, vol. 16, No. 3, (1990)
Karrer et al., "A Phased Array Acoustic Imaging System For Medical Use," 1980 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium , pp. 757-762
Ken Ishihara, et al., "New Approach to Noninvasive Manometry Based on Pressure Dependent Resonant Shift of Elastic Microcapsules in Ultrasonic Frequency Characteristics." Japanese J. of Applied Physics, vol. 2 (1988), Supplement 27, pp. 125-127
John A. Hossack, et al., "Improving the Characteristics of a Transducer Using Multiple Piezoelectric Layers." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 40, No. 2, Mar. 1993
J.A. Hossack, et al., "Improving Transducer Performance Using Multiple Active Layers." SPIE vol. 1733 (1992)
John G. Abbott1,2 et al., "Acoustic Speckle: Theory and Experimental Analysis," Ultrasonic Imaging 1, 303-324, (1979)
J. G. Abbott, et al., "Multi-Scan Processing in a Phased Array Imaging System", 1978 Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings, IEEE
Israel Amir, et al., "Analysis and Comparison of Some Frequency Compounmding Algorithms for the Reduction of Ultrasonic Clutter," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. UFFC-33, No. 4, Jul. 1986
Gordon S. Kino, "Acoustic Imaging for Nondestructive Evaluation," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 67, No. 4, Apr. 1979
Fred Lee, Jr., M.D, et al., "Sonoelasticity Imaging: Results in in Vitro Tissue Specimens." Radiology, vol. 181, No. 1 (1991)
Excerpt from Ultrasonics: Fundamentals and Applications (1992), pp. 380-393, 363-365
Dennis L. Parker, et al., "Analysis of B-Scan Speckle Reduction by Resolution Limited Filtering," Ultrasonic Imaging 4, 108-125 (1982)
Deborah J. Rubens, M.D, et al., "Sonoelasticity Imaging of Prostate Cancer: In Vitro Results." Radiology, vol. 195, No. 2, 1995, 379-383
C. B. Burckhardt, "Ultrasound Axiom: a device for focusing over a large depth," The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 6 pp. 1628-1630 (1973)
B. Schrope, et al., "Simulated Capillary Blood Flow Measurement Using a Nonlinear Ultrasonic Contrast Agent." Ultrasonic Imaging 14, 134-158 (1992)
Abstracts, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, vol. 8, No. 3 pgs. 345-346, 355, 358-364, May-Jun. 1995
"Supplement to Journal of the American College of Cardiology." American College of Cardiology, 45th Annual Scientific Session, Mar. 24-27, 1996 pgs. 21A, 63A, 239-240A
"Small Spheres Lead to Big Ideas." Research News, Science vol. 267, Jan. 20, 1995
"HP Ultrasound Technologies-Viability." About HP Ultrasound Imaging, WWW document, 199