Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and adhesive compositions containing same
Patent 5578543 Issued on November 26, 1996. Estimated Expiration Date: June 5, 2015. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
This invention concerns composite materials comprising a plurality of carbon fibrils in a matrix wherein the carbon fibrils are each characterized by a substantially constant diameter between about 3.5 to 70 nanometers and are substantially free of pyrolytically deposited thermal carbon.
Other References
Endo et al., "Filamentous Growth Of Carbon Through Benzene Decomposition", Journal of Crystal Growth 32:335-49 (1976)
De Bokx et al., "The Formation of Filamentous Carbon on Iron and Nickel Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis 96:454-467 (1985)
Boellaard et al., "The Formation of Filamentous Carbon on Iron and Nickel Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis 96:481-490 (1985)
Kock et al., "The Formation of Filamentous Carbon on Iron and Nickel Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis 96:468-480 (1985)
Baker et al., "Filamentous Carbon Growth on Nickel-Iron Surfaces: The Effect of Various Oxide Additives", Journal of Catalysis 64:464-478 (1980)
Baker et al., "The Formation of Filamentous Carbon From Decomposition of Acetylene Over Vanadium and Molybenum" Carbon 21:463-468 (1983)
Baker et al., "Formation of Filamentous Carbon From Iron, Cobalt and Chromium Catalyzed Decomposition of Acetylene", Journal of Catalysis 30:86-95 (1973)
Tibbetts, Gary G., "Why are Carbon Filaments Tubular?", Journal of Crystal Growth 66:632-38 (1984)
Hillert et al., "The Structure of Graphite Filaments", Z. Kryst. Bd. 111, S. 24-34 (1958)
Audier et al., Journal of Crystal Growth 55:549 (1981)
Audier et al., Carbon 18:73 (1980)
Audier et al., "Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of Single Crystals of Feu7 C3 ", Journal of Crystal Growth, 63:125-134 (1983)
Audier et al., "Formation and Characterization of Catalytic Carbons Obtained From CO Disproportionation Over an Iron Nickel Catalyst-II", Carbon 19:99-105 (1981)
Audier et al., "Morphology and Crystalline Order in Catalytic Carbons", Carbon 19:217-224 (1981)
Tibbetts, Gary G., "Carbon Fibers Produced By Pyrolysis Of Natural Gas In Stainless Steel Tubes", Appl. Phys. Lett. 42(8):666 (15 Apr. 1983)
Tesner et al., "Formation of Carbon Fibers From Acetylene", Carbon 8:435-442 (1970)
Boehm, H. P., "Carbon from Carbon Monoxide Disproporationation on Nickel and Iron Catalysts: Morphological Studies and Possible Growth Mechanisms", Carbon 11:583-590 (1973)
Evans et al., "Growth of Filamentary Carbon on Metallic Surfaces During the Pyrolysis of Methane and Acetone", Carbon 11:441-445 (1973)
Renshaw et al., "Disproportionation of CO-I. Over Iron and Silicon-Iron Single Crystals", Journal of Catalysis 18:164-183 (1970)
Baird et al., "Carbon Formation on Iron and Nickel Foils by HydroCarbon Pyrolysis-Reactions at 700° C.", Carbon 12:591-602 (1974)
Robertson, "Carbon Formation from Methane Pyrolysis Over Some Transition Metal Surfaces-I. Nature and Properties of the Carbons Formed", Carbon 8:365-374 (1970)
Weisbeck, "Pyrolytische Graphit-Kristalle mit Wickelstruktur", Carbon 9:525-526 (1971)
Baird et al., "Structure of Fibrous Carbon", Nature 233:329 (1971)
Kandani et al., "Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers By Methane Decomposition", Int'l. Conf. on Carbon (1984)
Koyama et al., "Structure and Growth Process of Vapor-Grown Carbon Fibers", Appl. Phys. 42(7):690-696 (1973)
Koyama et al., "Structure and Properties of Graphitized Carbon Fiber", Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 13(12):1933 (1974)
Oberlin et al., Carbon 14:133 (1976)
Endo et al., "Structural Improvement of Carbon Fibers Prepared from Benzene", Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 15(11):2073-2076 (1976)
Koyama et al., "Carbon Fibers Obtained by Thermal Decomposition of Vaporized Hydrocarbon", Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 11(4):445-49 (1972)
Bradley et al., "Catalytically Grown Carbon Filaments from a Smelter Aerosol", Nature 30:770-771 (1983