Patent 5258422 Issued on November 2, 1993. Estimated Expiration Date: May 5, 2012. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
523/124, Composition containing an additive which enhances degradation by environmental stimuli or process of preparing523/125, By light, heat, or radiation523/126, Containing organic salt of a transition metal523/128, Containing carbohydrate or cellular material derived from plant or animal524/126, Phosphorus bonded directly to only two chalcogen atoms and having at least one P-C linkage, e.g., phosphinate, phosphonite, etc.524/128, Phosphorus bonded directly to three chalcogen atoms only, e.g., phosphite, etc.524/394Oxygen atom or metal atom DNRM, e.g., metal stearate, etc.
The present invention relates to compostable and biodegradable thermoplastic compositions comprising a thermoplastic polymer, a hydrolytically unstable antioxidant, a pro-oxidant, an accelerator, and a property modifier. The hydrolytically unstable antioxidants effectively prevent the thermoplastic polymer from breakdown by oxidative or thermal degradation under dry conditions. Under wet conditions, the hydrolytically unstable antioxidant becomes ineffective and the thermoplastic polymers breakdown to low molecular weight materials.
Other References
King, "A Technical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Composting and the Effect of Disposable Paper Diapers", Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, Sep. 1991
Laermer, "Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) The Natural Antioxidant for Polyolefins", Roche, Presented at Enviroplas '90, First International Conference on Reformulating Plastics For A Cleaner Environment, Chicago, IL, Sep. 12-13, pp. 1-21, 1990
Roscoe et al., "Stabilization of Polyolefin Packaging Materials With Organophosphite Stabilizers", pp. 117-120, Tappi Journal, Sep. 1990
Ryan, "Investigating the Degradability of Hot Melt Adhesive Formulae", pp. 302-334, Adhesive Age, Jul. 1990
Scott, "Photo-biodegradable Plastics: Their Role in the Protection of the Environment", pp. 135-144, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 29, 1990, England
Woutat, "Diapers to Dirt", Minneapolis Star Tribune, pp. 1, 6A, 8A, Nov. 19, 1989
"P&G Speaks On Disposability", p. 46, Nonwovens Industry, Nov. 1989
Laermer et al., "Use of Biological Antioxidants and Their Derivatives as Polypropylene Stabilizers", Presented at the PRI International Polypropylene Conference, Madrid, Spain, pp. 1-15, Nov. 1989
"New additive offers `timed` breakdown", PlasticsWorld, Aug. 1987, A Cahners Publication
Griffin, "Degradable Plastic Films", pp. 47-50, Proceedings of Symposium on Degradable Plastics, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Washington, D.C., Jun. 10, 1987
Johnson et al., "Polyolefin Processing Aid Versus Additive Package?", pp. 43-46, Plastics Engineering, Jul. 1988
Gilead, et al., "A New, Time-Controlled, Photodegradable Plastic", pp. 37-38, Proceedings of Symposium on Degradable Plastics, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Washington, D.C., Jun. 10, 1987
Brilliant, "Heat Stabilizers", pp. 154-159, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, 1986-1987
Klemchuk et al., "Long-Term Aging Study of Antioxidants in Polyolefins", pp. 42-46, Plastics Compounding, Sep./Oct. 1985
Sipinen et al., "A Study of the Oxidative Degradation of Polyolefins ", pp. 185-187., Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 67, Fall Mtg., 1992, Washington, D.C
Vanderbilt et al., "Degradability Testing of (Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Starch) and (Ethylene Carbon Monoxide Copolymer (ECO)/Starch/Corn Oil Blends) ", pp. 277-291, Book of Papers, INDA-TEC 92, The International Nonwovens Technical Conference, Apr. 7-10, 1992, Bonaventure Resort & Spa, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Schut, "Syndiotactic PP Is Now for Real", pp. 29 and 31, Plastics Technology, Mar. 1992
Bair, "Exudation of an Antioxidant Additive From Thin Polyethylene Films ", Soc. Plast. Eng. (Tech. Pap) 31st Annual Technical Conf. p. 106, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey
Seymour, Additives For Plastics, vol. 1, State of the Art, pp. 251-254, Academic Press, New York, 1978, A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
Seymour, Additives For Plastics, vol. 2, New Developments, pp. 108-111, Academic Press, New York, San Francisco, London, 1978, A subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
Swasey, "Improving Polyolefin Processing Stability With a Phosphonite Stabilizer", pp. 136-138, Modern Plastics, Nov. 1976
Cowell, "Additives for Plastics-Antioxidants", Plastics Engineering, pp. 51-57, Oct. 1976
Abramofi, "Antioxidants", Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, pp. 144-145, 1977-1978
Klaui, "Tocopherol, Carotene and Ascorbyl Palmitate", Flayours, pp. 1-8, Jul./Aug. 1976
Carlson et al., "Degradable Concentrates for Polyolefins", Proceedings of Symposium on Degradable Plastics, pp. 26-30, The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Washington, D.C, Jul. 10, 1967
Cort, "Antioxidant Activity of Tocopherols, Ascorbyl Palmitate, and Ascorbic Acid and Their Mode of Action", p. 321, Reprinted from the Journal of the American Oil Chemists" Society, vol. 51, pp. 321-325, 1974
"An Introduction to Free Radicals", Vitamin Nutrition Information Service, Back-Grounder, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-4
Glass et al., "The Influence of Additives on the Wetting Behavior of Polypropylene", pp. 31-36, Ethyl Corporation, Ethyl Technical Center, Baton Rouge, LA
Tudos, "Oxidation of Polyolefins", pp. 86-98, 1986, Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
Wishman, "Stabilization of Polypropylene Fibers", pp. 99-106, 1986, Phillips Fibers Corp., Greenville, SC
Johnston, "Degradation and Stabilization of Linear Low Density Polyethylene During Melt Processing", pp. 169-181, 1986, Dow Chemical Co., Freeport, TX
Hoffmann, "Rubber Technology Handbook", Hanser Publishers, Oxford Universit Press, New York, .sctn. 4.2.3-4.2.4
Polythene-Chemical Properties, pp. 196-209
An Infrared Spectroscopy Atlas for the Coatings Industry, pp. 41-48, 90, Federation of Socienties for Coatings Technology, Philadelphia, PA
Grassie, "The Practical Significance of Polymer Degradation", Polymer Degradation and Stabilization, pp. 1-16
Ecostar Update, Bio-degradable Plastics to Protect the Environment, St. Lawrence Starch Company Limited, Technical Bulletin, Ontario, Canada
"Albis Ecostar Masterbatch Pe-Starch MB 70/43/6", Albis Canada Inc., Albis Corporation, St. Lawrence Starch Company Limited, pp. 1-5, Technical Bulletin
"LitterLess", U. V. Activated Biodegradable Plastic, pp. 1-4, Plastigone, Miami, FL, 1988, Technical Bulletin
"Material Safety Data Sheet", LitterLess, U. V. Activated Biodegradable Plastic, pp. 1-3, Jun. 1, 1988, Miami, FL
"Stabilizers", pp. 586-589, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, Mid-October
"Morthane.RTM. Thermoplastic Polyurethanes For Extrusion", pp. 1-6, Morton International, Seabrook, NH, Technical Bulletin
"Pellethane.RTM. Polyurethane Elastomers", pp. 1-8, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI, Technical Bulletin
May 5, 2012. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
