Abstract Claims Description Full Text

Abstract

This invention provides a method of generating fullerenes by vaporizing carbon with the heat from an electrical arc and then condensing a soot from which fullerenes may be recovered.

Other References

• Kratschmer et al., "Spectroscopy of Matrix Isolated Carbon Cluster Molecules Between 200 and 850 nm Wavelength", Surface Science 156 (1986) pp. 814-821
• Kroto et al., "C₆₀ :Buckminsterfullerene". Chemical Reviews 91 (6) (1991) pp. 1213-1235
• "Growth, Structure, and Properties of Graphite Whiskers," Roger Bacon, J. App. Phys., vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 283-290, Feb. 1960
• J. Lefevre, Annales Astrophysiq, "Etude De Poussieres De Fer Et De Carbone," Tome 30, Annee 1967, Fasc. 4, pp. 731-738
• J. Lefevre, "An Experimental Study of the Dust of Iron, Carbon, Silicon Carbide and Silica," Astron. & Astrophys, 5, (1970), pp. 37-44
• K. L. Day, D. R. Huffman, "Measured Extinction Efficiency of Graphite Smoke in the Region 1200-6000 Å," Nature Physical Science, vol. 243, May 21, 1973, pp. 50-51
• H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O'Brien, R. F. Curl and R. E. Smalley, "C₆₀ : Buckminsterfullerene," Nature, vol. 318, No. 6042, Nov. 14-20, 1985
• J. R. Heath, S. C. O'Brien, Q. Zhang, Y. Liu, R. F. Curl, H. W. Kroto, F. K. Tittel, and R. E. Smalley, "Lanthanum Complexes of Spheroidal Carbon Shells," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 107, (1985), pp. 7779-7780
• Q. L. Zhang, S. C. O'Brien, J. R. Heath, Y. Liu, R. F. Curl, H. W. Kroto, and R. E. Smalley, "Reactivity of Large Carbon Clusters: Spheroidal Carbon Shells and Their Possible Relevance to the Formation and Morphology of Soot," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 90, No. 4, (1986), pp. 525-528
• Sumio Iijima, "The 60-Carbon Cluster Has Been Revealed!," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 91, (1987), pp. 3466-3467
• Ph. Gerhardt, S. P. Loffler and K. H. Homann, "Polyhedral Carbon Ions in Hydrocarbon Flames," Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 137, No. 4, Jun. 19, 1987, pp. 306-310
• D. R. Huffman, "Methods and Difficulties in Laboratory Studies of Cosmic Dust Analogues," Experiments On Cosmic Dust Analogues, vol. 149, Sep. 8-12, 1987, pp. 25-41
• R. F. Curl and R. E. Smalley, "Probing C₆₀," Science, vol. 242, Nov. 18, 1988, pp. 1017-1022
• W. Kratschmer, K. Fostiropoulos, D. R. Huffman, "Search For The UV and IR Spectra of C₆₀ in Laboratory-Produced Carbon Dust," Dusty Objects in The Universe, Sep. 8-13, 1989, pp. 89-93
• W. Kratschmer, K. Fostiropoulos and D. R. Huffman, "The Infrared and Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Labratory-Produced Carbon Dust: Evidence for the Presence of the C₆₀ Molecule," Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 170, No. 2, 3, Jul. 6, 1990, pp. 167-170
• Ajie et al., "Characterization of the Soluble All-Carbon Molecules C₆₀ and C₇₀," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 94, No. 24, (1990), pp. 8630-8633
• R. E. Haufler, J. Conceicao, L. P. F. Chibante, Y. Chai, N. E. Byrne, S. Flanagan, M. M. Haley, S. C. O'Brien, C. Pan, Z. Xiao, W. E. Billups, M. A. Ciufolini, R. E. Hauge, J. L. Margrave, L. J. Wilson, R. F. Curl, and R. E. Smalley, "Efficient Production of C₆₀ (Buckminsterfullerene), C₆₀ H₃₆ and the Solvated Buckide Ion," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 94, No. 24, (1990), pp. 8634-8636
• "Buckminsterfullerene Bulletin", Diamond Depositions: Science and Technology, Nov., 1990, pp. 11-13
• R. E. Haufler, Y. Chai, L. P. F. Chibante, J. Conceicao, Changming Jin, Lai-Sheng Wang, Shigeo Maruyama and R. E. Smalley, "Carbon Arc Generation of C₆₀," Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. vol. 260, (1991), pp. 627-637
• Ting Guo, Changming Jin, and R. E. Smalley, "Doping Bucky: Formation and Properties of Boron-Doped Buckminsterfullerene," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 95, No. 13, (1991), pp. 4948-4950
• Yaw S. Obeng, Allen J. Bard, "Langmuir films of C₆₀ at the air-water interface", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 113, No. 16 (1991)
• "Move over silicon--it's time for a `Bucky ball` chip," Chemical Engineering, vol. 98, No. 1, Jan., 1991, p. 17
• Yan Chai, Ting Guo, Changming Jin, Robert E. Haufler, L. P. Felipe Chibante, Jan Fure, Lihong Wang, J. Michael Alford, and Richard E. Smalley, "Fullerenes with Metals Inside," The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 95, No. 20, (1991), pp. 7564-7568
• "Carbon 60," Chemical Business, Mar., 1991, p. 33
• J. Thomas McKinnon, William L. Bell, "Combustion synthesis of buckminsterfullerene," Mar. 17-19, 1991
• Christopher Munford, "New all-carbon hollow molecules under study," American Metal Market, vol. 99, May 1, 1991, p. 4(1)
• Rob Lee, "Buckminsterfullerene: The Third Allotrope of Carbon," Chemistry and Industry, May 20, 1991, p. 349(2)
• Andrew Moody, "Fullerene chemistry," Chemistry and Industry, May 20, 1991, p. 346(2)
• Jim Baggett, "Great Balls of Carbon," New Scientist, Jul. 6, 1991, pp. 34-38
• Tsukasa Furukawa, "Japanese compete in buckyball game: Vacuum Metallurgical enters fray," American Metal Market, Jul. 10, 1991, p. 4
• Tsukasa Furukawa, "New NEC material said to break superconductivity record," American Metal Market, Jul. 24, 1991, p. 4
• "New Molecule Excites the Suberconductivists," Computergram International, Aug. 6, 1991
• Robert F. Curl and Richard E. Smalley, "Fullerenes," Scientific American, Oct., 1991, pp. 54-6