Method of retarding the progression of chronic renal failure
Patent 5175144 Issued on December 29, 1992. Estimated Expiration Date: December 29, 2009. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
514/2, Peptide containing (e.g., protein, peptones, fibrinogen, etc.) DOAI514/11, Monocyclic514/179, Modified C-ring (except methyl in 13-position) (e.g., double bond containing, substituted, etc.)514/254.07, Chalcogen hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the piperazine ring by nonionic bonding514/282, One of the five cyclos is five-membered and includes ring chalcogen (e.g., codeine, morphine, etc.)514/289, Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) (e.g., morphinans, etc.)514/327Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the piperidine ring
Progression of chronic renal failure can be retarded (slowed or arrested) by administering to humans suffering from such disorder an agent which suppresses the production of glucocorticoids in the human. The agents may be administered alone or in combination with a protein restricted and/or phosphorus restricted diet. Examples of suitable agents which either suppress production of glucocorticoids or block binding to their receptors include sodium valproate, enkephalins, opioids, clonidine, ketoconazole, oxytocin, and mifepristone.
Other References
The Merck Manual (14th edition, 1982) pp. 2388-2389
Avery's Drug Treatment, 3rd edition (1987) pp. 897-898
W. E. Mitch, et al., "The Effect of Keto Acid-Acid Supplement to Restricted Diet on the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure", The New England Journal of Medicine, 311:623-629 (Sep. 6), 1984
J. Burns, et al., "Comparison of the effects of keto acid analogues and essential amino acids on nitrogen homeostasis in uremic patients on moderately protein-restricted diets", The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31: Oct. 1978, pp. 1767-1775
M. Walser, et al., "Progression of chronic renal failure in patients given ketoacids following amino acids", Kidney International, vol. 32 (1987), pp. 123-128
N. Gretz, et al., "Low-proteindiet supplemented by keto acids in chronic renal failure: A prospective controlled study", Kidney International, vol. 24, Suppl. 16 (1983), pp. S-263-S-267
G. Barsotti, et al., "Effects on Renal Function of a Low-Nitrogen Diet Supplemented with Essential Amino Acids and Ketoanalogues and of Hemodialysis and Free Protein Supply in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure", Nephron 27:113-117 (1981)
T. Taylor, et al., "B-Endorphin Suppresses Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol Levels in Normal Human Subjects", Journal of Clinical Endocripology and Metabolism, vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 592-596 (1983)
B. Ambrosi, et al., "Loperamide, an Opiate Analogue, Inhibits Plasma Acth Levels in Patients with Addison'Disease", Clinical endocrinology, 24, pp. 483-489 (1986)
G. Teutsch, et al., "17a-Alkynyl-11b,17-Dihydroxyandrostane Derivatives: A New Class of Potent Glucocortincoids.", Steroids, vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 651-665 (1981)
M. Moguilewsky, et al., "RU 38486: Potent Antiglucocorticoid Activity Correlated with Strong Binding to the Cytosolic Glucocorticoid Receptor Followed by an Impaired Activation", S. Steroid Biochem, vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 271-276 (1984)
Roland M. Schaefer, et al., "Evidence for Reduced Catabolism by the Antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 in Acutely Uremic Rats", Am. J. Nephrol, 7, pp. 127-131 (1987)
Xavier Bertagna, et al., "The New Steroid Analog RU 486 Inhibits Glucocorticoid Action in Man", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 25-28 (1984)
J. J. Legros, et al., "Confirmation of the Inhibitory Influence of Exogenous Oxytocin on Cortisol and ACTH in Man: Evidence of Reproducibility", Acta Endocrinologica, 114: pp. 345-349 (1987)
Farwell, et al., "Total Suppression of Cortisol Excretion by Ketoconazole in the Therapy of the Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Syndrome", The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 84 (Jun. 1988), pp. 1063-1066
Stowinski-Srzednicka, et al., "Effect of Clonidine on Beta-Endorphin, ACTH and Cortisol Secretion in Essential Hypertension and Obesity," Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol (1988) 35:115-121
Lechin, et al., "Role of Stress in the Exacerbation of Chronic Illness: Effects of Clonidine Administration on Blood Pressure and Plasma Norepinephrine, Cortisol, Growth Hormone and Prolactin Concentrations,"Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 12, No. 2 pp. 117-129 (1987)
Stubbs, et al., "Hormonal and Metabolic Responses to an Enkephaline Analogue in Normal Man," The Lancet, Dec. 9, 1978, pp. 1225-1227
Pende, et al., "Evaluation of the Effects Induced by Four Opiate Drugs, with Different Affinities to Opioid Receptor Subtypes, on Anterior Pituitary LH, TSH, PRL and GH Secretion and on Cortisol Secretion Normal Men,"Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 1986, 40, 178-182
Aggernaes, et al., "The Effect of Sodium Valproate on Serum Cortisol Levels in Healthy Subjects and Depressed Patients," Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 1988:77:170-174
Nieman, et al. "Clinical Applications of the Glucocorticoid and Progestin Atnagonist RU 486," appearing in Receptor Mediated Antisteroid Action/Editor M. K. Agarwal (1987)
Gagne, et al., "RU38486: A Potent Antiglucocorticoid in Vitro and In Vivo," J. Steroid Biochem, vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 247-251 (1985)
Mitch et al., "Long-Term Effects of a New Ketoacid-Amino Acid Supplement in Patients with Chronoc Renal Failure," Kidney International, 22:48-53 (1982
December 29, 2009. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
