Patent 5165909 Issued on November 24, 1992. Estimated Expiration Date: October 1, 2010. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
423/447.3, From gaseous reactants264/29.2, Filaments423/447.1, Fiber, fabric, or textile427/216, Metal base427/249.4, Inorganic carbon base (e.g., graphite, etc.)428/367, Including free carbon or carbide or therewith (not as steel)428/376, Discontinuous or tubular or cellular core428/398, Tubular or cellular428/408, SELF-SUSTAINING CARBON MASS OR LAYER WITH IMPREGNANT OR OTHER LAYER502/5, IRRADIATION BY, OR APPLICATION OF, ELECTRICAL, MAGNETIC OR WAVE ENERGY502/182, And metal, metal oxide, or metal hydroxide502/185, Of Group VIII (i.e., iron or platinum group)502/438Chemically reducing an oxide or product thereof
The invention relates to carbon fibrils characterized by a substantially constant diameter, length greater than about 5 times the diameter, an ordered outer region of catalytically grown, multiple, substantially continuous layers of ordered carbon atoms having an outside diameter between about 3.5 and 70 nanometers, and a distinct inner core region. Each of the layers and the core are disposed substantially concentrically about the cylindrical axis of the fibril. The fibrils are substantially free of pyrolytically deposited thermal carbon with the diameter of the fibrils being equal to the outside diameter of the ordered outer region.
Other References
"Filamentous Growth of Carbon Through Benzene Decomposition", by A. Oberlin et al.--Journal of Crystal Growth 32 (1976) pp. 335-349--North Holland Publishing Co
Endo et al., J. Cryst. Growth, 32:335-49 (1976)
De Bokx et al., J. Catal., 96:454 (1985)
Boellard et al., J. Catal., 96:481 (1985)
Kock et al., J. Catal., 96:468 (1985)
Baker et al., J. Catal., 64:464 (1980)
Baker et al., Carbon, 21:463 (1983)
Baker et al., J. Catal., 30:86 (1973)
Tibbetts, Why Are Carbon Filaments Tubular, J. Crystal Growth, 66:632-38 (1984)
Audier et al., J. Cryst. Growth, 55:549 (1981)
Audier et al., Carbon, 18:73 (1980)
Audier et al., J. Cryst. Growth, 63:125 (1983)
Audier et al., Carbon, 19:99 (1981)
Audier et al., Carbon, 19:217 (1981)
Tibbetts, Appl. Phys. Lett., 42 (8):666 (1983)
Tesner et al., Carbon, 8:435 (1970)
Boehm, Carbon, 11:583 (1973)
Evans et al., Carbon, 11:441 (1973)
Renshaw et al., J. Catal., 18:164 (1970)
Baird et al., Carbon, 12:591 (1974)
Robertson, Carbon, 8:365 (1970)
Weisbeck, Carbon, 9:525 (1971) (Summary)
Baird et al., Nature, 233:329 (1971)
Kandani et al., Extended Abstracts Inc. Conf. (1984)
Koyama and Endo, Applied Physics, 42: (7):690 (1973)
Koyama, Endo and Hishiyama, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 13 (12):1933 (1974)
Oberlin, Endo, and Koyama, Carbon, 14:133 (1976)
Endo et al., Jap. J. Appl., 15(11): 2073-76 (1976)
Koyama et al., Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 11(4): 445-49 (1972)
October 1, 2010. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
