Patent 5087623 Issued on February 11, 1992. Estimated Expiration Date: March 21, 2009. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
The administration of chromic picolinate, preferably in the form of chromic tripicolinate, as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for controlling various blood serum parameters. In particular, the administration is for controlling blood serum lipid levels, including the lowering of undesirably high blood serum LDL-cholesterol levels and the raising of blood serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Additionally, the adminstration is for controlling desirable high blood serum glucose levels, this being particularly applicable for the treatment of maturity-onset diabetes. Additionally, chromic picolinate, preferably in the form of chromic tripicolinate, is admistered to facilitate uptake of amino acids by skeletal muscle. Thus chromic picolinate can act as an effective anabolic agent.
Other References
NIH report Plasma Lipid Distribution in Selected North American Populations
Abraham, A., et al. Am. J. Clinc. Nutr. 33:2294-2298 (1980)
Anderson, R. Clin. Physiol. Biochem. 4:31-41 (1986)
Anderson, R., et al. Federation Proceedings 43:471 (1984)
Anderson R. "Trace Elements in Health and Disease" Skandia Symposia, Oct. 23-25, 1984, pp. 110-119
Anderson, R. Am. J. Clinc. Nutr. 36:1184-1193 (1982)
Anderson, R., et al. Metabolism (32(9):894-899 (1983)
Anderson, R. Am. J. Clinc Nutr. 41:571-577, 1177-1183 (1985)
Chen, N. J. Nutr. 103:1182-1186 (1973)
Davidson, I., et al. Proc. Soc. Exp. Med. Biol. 127:66-70 (1967)
Elwood, J., et al. J. Amer. College of Nutr. 1:263-274 (1982)
Evans, G., et al. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 50(3):718-722 (1973)
Evans, G. Int. J. Biosocial Med. Res. 11(2):163-180 (1989)
Glinsmann, W., et al. Metabolism 15(6):510-520 (1966)
Gonzales-Vergara, E., et al. Israel J. of Chem. 21:18-22 (1981)
Gurson, C., et al. Am. J. of Clinc. Nutr. 26:988-991 (1973)
Haylock, S. J. Inorg. Biochem. 19:105-117 (1983)
Hwang, D., et al. J. Inorg. Biochem. 30:219-225 (1987)
Kidani, Y. J. Pharm. Soc. of Japan 93(9):1269-1273 (1973)
Mirsky, N. J. Inorg. Biochem. 13:11-21 (1980)
Offenbacher, E., et al., Diabetes 29:919-925 (1980)
Offenbacher, E., et al. Ann. Rev. Nutrition 8:543-63 (1988)
Potter, J., et al. Metabolism 34:199-204 (1985)
Press, R. West. Jour. Med. 152:41-45 (1990)
Schroeder, H. J. Nutrition 88:439-445 (1966)
Simonoff, M., et al. Biological Trace Element Research 6:431-439 (1984)
Schwartz, K., et al. Arch. Biochem. Biophys
Toepfer, E., et al. J. Argic. Food Chem. 25(1):162-166 (1977)
Tuman, R. Diabetes 27:49-56 (1978)
Urberg, M., et al. Diabetes 35:37A Abstract No. 147 (1986)
Yamamoto, A. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 59:515-523 (1981)
Yamamoto, A., et al. Jour. of Inorg. Biochem. 22:91-102 (1984)
Toepfer, E. W. et al., J. Agr. Food Chem. 21(1):69-73 (1973)
Abraham, A. et al., The Amer. J. of Clin. Nutri. 33:2294-2298 (1980)
Press, R. I. et al., Western Journal of Medicine 152:41-45 (1990)
Evans, Gary W., International Journal of Biosocial and Medical Research 11:(2):163-180 (1989)
Nutrition 21 consumer education brochure: "The Prophylactic and Therapeutic Potential of Chromium Picolinate in Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Anabolism and Weight Reduction" (1989)
Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 5th Ed. The Nutrition Foundation (1984) pp. 571-582
Boyle, et al., (1977) Southern Med., Jour. 70:1449-1453
Riales, R., in Chromium in Nutrition and Metabolism (Shapcott and Hubert, Eds., 1979) pp. 199-212
Newman, H. A. I. et al., (1978) Clin. Chem. 24:541-544
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results, (1984) J.A.M.A. (J. Amer. Med. Assn.) 251-351-364
Recommended Dietary Allowances, 9th Revised Ed. The National Academy of Sciences (1980) pp. 159-161
Albers, J. J. et al., (1978) Clin. Chem. 24:853-856
Friedewald, W. T., (1972) Clin. Chem. 18:499-502
Naito, H. K., (1986) J. Clin. Immunoassay 9:11-20
Clegg, M. D. and Schroeder, W. A., (1959) J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81:6065-6069
Hills, M. et al., (1979) Brit. Jour. Clin. Pharmacol. 8:7-20
Newman, W. P. et al., (1986) New England J. of Med. 314:138-144
Avogaro, P. et al., (1978) Artery 4:385-394
Sniderman, A. et al., (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:604-608
Riesen, W. F. et al., (1980) Atherosclerosis 37:157-162
De Backer, G. et al., (1982) Atherosclerosis 42:197-203
Maciejko, J. J. et al., (1983) New Engl. J. Med. 309:385-389
Schmidt, S. B. et al., (1985) Am. J. Cardiol. 55:1459-1462
Kwiterovich, P. O. et al., (1983) Preventive Medicine 12:815-834
Brunzell, J. D. et al., (1984) Atherosclerosis 4:79-83
Schaller, K. H., (1973) At. Absorption Newsletter 12:147-150
Evans, G. W., (1980) Pediatric Res. 14:876-880
Mertz, W., Nutrition Reviews 33(5):129-135, see also Abstract citations 2535 and 2537
Seal, C. J. and Heaton, F. W., (1983) Brit. Journal of Nutrition 50:317-324