U.S. patents available from 1976 to present.
U.S. patent applications available from 2005 to present.

Metal carbide heat source

Patent 5040552 Issued on August 20, 1991. Estimated Expiration Date: Icon_subject December 8, 2008. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.

Patent References

2907686

3256094

3258015

3572993

Synthetic smoking product
Patent #: 3943941
Issued on: 03/16/1976
Inventor: Boyd ,   et al.

Methods of producing fuels from solid materials
Patent #: 4310334
Issued on: 01/12/1982
Inventor: Waldron

Smokeable device
Patent #: 4340072
Issued on: 07/20/1982
Inventor: Bolt ,   et al.

Steelmaking process using calcium carbide as fuel
Patent #: 4477278
Issued on: 10/16/1984
Inventor: Agrawal

Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis with copper promoted iron/cobalt spinel catalyst
Patent #: 4584323
Issued on: 04/22/1986
Inventor: Soled ,   et al.

Monocoque structure for an aquatic sportscraft
Patent #: 4621002
Issued on: 11/04/1986
Inventor: Kuhlmann ,   et al.

More ...

Inventors

Application

No. 281496 filed on 12/08/1988

US Classes:

131/359, Tobacco substitute, i.e., nontobacco131/352, Compositions, e.g., smoking or chewing mixture or medium131/369METHOD OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING TOBACCO SUBSTITUTE

Examiners

Primary: Millin, V.

Attorney, Agent or Firm

Foreign Patent References

  • 0117355 EP. 09/13/1984
  • 0123318 EP. 10/13/1984
  • 0154903 EP. 09/13/1985
  • 0180162 EP. 05/13/1986
  • 0236992 EP. 09/13/1987
  • 0245732 EP. 11/13/1987
  • 1573454 GB. 08/13/1980

International Classes

A24B 015/16
A24D 001/18

Abstract

An iron carbide heat source, particularly useful in smoking articles, is provided. The iron carbide particles making up the heat source have ignition temperatures that are substantially lower than conventional carbon particles normally used in carbonaceous heat sources, while at the same time provide sufficient heat to release a flavored aerosol from a flavor bed for inhalation by the smoker. In a preferred embodiment, the iron carbide heat source of this invention is substantially cylindrical in shape and has one or more fluid passages therethrough. Upon combustion, the heat source produces substantially no carbon monoxide.

Other References

  • J. A. Amiese et al., "Mossbauer Spectroscopic Study of Passivated Small Particles of Iron and Iron Carbide", The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 85, pp. 2484-2488 (1981)
  • J. A. Amiese, J. B. Butt and L. H. Schwartz, "Carburization of Supported Iron Synthesis Catalysts", The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 82, pp. 558-563 (1978)
  • M. Audier, P. Bowen, and W. Jones, "Transmission Electronic Microscope Study of Single Crystal of Fe7 C3 ", Journal of Crystal Growth, 63, pp. 125-134 (1983) (Audier et al., I)
  • M. Audier, P. Bowen and W. Jones, "Electronic Microscopic and Mossbauer Study of the Iron Carbide --Fe3 C and --Fe5 C2 Formed During the Disproportionation of CO", Journal of Crystal Growth, 64, pp. 291-296 (1983) (Audier et al., II)
  • G. H. Barton and B. Gale, "The Structure of a Psuedo-Hexagonal Iron Carbide", Acta Crystallographica, 17, pp. 1460-1462 (1964)
  • H. Bernas, I. A. Campbell and R. Fruchart, "Electronic Exchange and the Mossbauer Effect in Iron-Based Interstitial Compounds", Journal of Physical Chemistry of Solids, 28, pp. 17-24 (1967)
  • J. P. Bouchaud and R. Fruchart, "Contribution a la Connaissance du Diagramme Manganese-Carbone", Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, pp. 1579-1583 (1964)
  • "Carbides", The Encyclopedia Brittanica, 1965, pp. 862-863 and 600-601
  • P. Courty and B. Delmon, "Obtention d'Oxydes Mixtes par Decomposition de Precurseurs Amorphes (sels organiques amorphes)", C. R. Acad. Sc. Paris, Ser. C, 268, pp. 1874-1875 (1969)
  • R. A. Dictor and A. T. Bell, Fischer-Tropsch "Synthesis over Reduced and Unreduced Iron Oxide Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis, 97, pp. 121-136 (1986)
  • M. J. Duggin and L. J. E. Hofer, "Nature of .chi.-Iron Carbide", Nature, 212, pp. 248-250 (1966)
  • D. J. Dwyer and J. H. Hardenbergh, "The Catalytic Production of Carbon Monoxide Over Iron Surfaces: A Surface Science Investigation", Journal of Catalysis, 87, pp. 66-76 (1984)
  • R. Fruchart, "Le Role du Facteur Electronique dans les Structures du Type Cementite et les Structures Derivees", Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, pp. 2652-2657 (1964)
  • R. R. Gatte and J. Phillips, "The Influence of Particle Size and Structure on the Mossbauer Spectra of Iron Carbides Formed During fischer-Tropsch Synthesis", Journal of Catalysis, 104, pp. 365-374 (1987)
  • F. H. Herbstein and J. A. Snyman, "Identification of Eckstrom Adcock Iron Carbide as Fe7 C3 ", Inorganic Chemistry, 3, pp. 894-896 (1964)
  • Y. Hirotsu and S. Magakura, "Crystal Structure and Morphology of the Carbide Precipitated from Martensitic High Carbon Steel During the First Stage of Tempering", Acta Metallurgica, 20, pp. 645-654 (1972)
  • L. J. E. Hofer, E. M. Cohn, and W. C. Peebles, "The Modifications of the Carbide, Fe2 C; Their Properties and Identification", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 71, pp. 189-195 (1949)
  • A. J. H. M. Kock et al., "The Formation of Filamentous Carbon on Iron and Nickel Catalysts", Journal of Catalysis, 96, pp. 468-480 (1985)
  • T. Ya. Kosolapova, Carbides: Properties, Production and Applications, pp. 171-177, Plenum Press, New York 1971
  • G. LeCaer, J. M. Dubois, and J. P. Senateur, "Etude par Spectrometrie Mossbauer des Carbures de Fer Fer3 C et Fer5 C2 ", Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 19, pp. 19-28 (1976)
  • S. C. Lin and J. Phillips, "Study of Relaxation Effects in the 57 Fe Mossbauer Spectra of Carbon-Supported Iron Carbide Particles", Journal of Applied Physics, 58, pp. 1943-1949 (1985)
  • A. Michel, "Properties et Liaisons Dans ls Carbures de Fer", Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, pp. 143-147 (1961)
  • J. W. Niemantsverdreit et al., "Behavior of Metallic Iron Catalysts During Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Studied with Mossbauer Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Carbon Content Determination, and Reaction Kinetic Measurements", The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 84, pp. 3363-3371 (1980)
  • J. P. Senateur, "Contribution a L'Etude Magnetique et Structurale du Carbure de Hagg", Annales de Chimie, 2, pp. 103-122 (1967)
  • W. W. Webb, J. T. Norton and C. Wagner, "Oxidation Studies in Metal-Carbon Systems", Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 103, pp. 112-117 (1956)
  • D. V. Wilson, "Relation of Changes in the Cementite Curie Temperature to Textural Strains in Steel", Nature, 167, pp. 899-900 (1951)
  • E. Yeh et al., "Silica-Supported Iron Nitride in Fischer-Tropsch Reactions", Journal of Catalysis, 91, pp. 231-240 (1985
PatentsPlus Images
Enhanced PDF formats
loading...
PatentsPlus: add to cart
PatentsPlus: add to cartSearch-enhanced full patent PDF image
$9.95more info
PatentsPlus: add to cart
PatentsPlus: add to cartIntelligent turbocharged patent PDFs with marked up images
$18.95more info
 
Sign InRegister
Username  
Password   
forgot password?