Patent 4778733 Issued on October 18, 1988. Estimated Expiration Date: July 3, 2006. Estimated Expiration Date is calculated based on simple USPTO term provisions. It does not account for terminal disclaimers, term adjustments, failure to pay maintenance fees, or other factors which might affect the term of a patent.
An article of manufacture, such as is used in plumbing, is formed by soldering copper workpieces together with a lead-free solder having a tin content of from about 92 to 99%, a copper content of from about 0.7 to 6% and a silver content of from about 0.05-3%, by weight.
H. Manko, "Solders and Soldering", McGraw-Hill Book Co., N.Y., 1964, pp. 16-25, 179-180, 308-310
A. D. Merriman, "A Dictionary of Metallurgy", Macdonald & Evans, Ltd., London, 1958, p. 20-Block Tin
Dowd, J. D. "Solder Fluxes and Techniques for Soldering Aluminum", Symposium on Solder, 59th Annual Meeting of American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 5-9 (1956) (Exhibit A)
McKeown, J. The Properties of Soft Solders and Soldered Joints, British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association, pp. 14-15 (1948)
Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, "Block Tin"
Soldering Manual, 2nd Edition (rev.) (1977), American Welding Society, Inc., Miami, Fla., pp. 3-12
London, J. et al., "Some Properties of Soldered Joints Made with a Tin/Silver Eutectic Alloy", Brazing and Soldering, No. 10, pp. 17-20 (1986)
E. Gebhardt et al, "On the Structure of the Silver/Copper/Tin System", Metallkde, vol. 50 (1959), No. 10, pp. 597-605
M. E. Warwick, "Plumbing Solders", International Tin Research Institute, Greenford, Middlesex, England, Nov. 1984, 13 pages