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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 5159838 | Marginally dispersive ultrasonic waveguides Methods and apparatus for ultrasonically measuring selected physical parameters of a test material or structure are achieved by selecting and configuring waveguides for transmitting extensional, longitudinal, shear, Rayleigh and Lamb waves into media in a... | 11/03/1992 |
| 5150617 | Magnetostrictive resonance excitation The resonance frequency spectrum of a magnetostrictive sample is remotely determined by exciting the magnetostrictive property with an oscillating magnetic field. The permeability of a magnetostrictive material and concomitant coupling with a detection co... | 09/29/1992 |
| 5142220 | Multistage single-sideband shifter A multistage single-sideband shifter composed of N switchable phase shifters connected in cascade, where N is a positive integer greater than 1, each phase shifter being constructed to produce a switchable phase shift and a control unit connected to the p... | 08/25/1992 |
| 5138884 | Vibroacoustically coupled testing system A vibroacoustically coupled test system is provided utilizing acoustic technology combined with fluid dynamics to create a multipurpose dynamic environmental simulation system for use in geological, commercial, medical, military and marine testing and eva... | 08/18/1992 |
| 5138326 | Magnetic field generating assembly and method A magnetic field generating assembly including self-contained modules formed from relatively high temperature superconducting material. A magnetic flux guide, such as a yoke, is positioned relative to the modules so that magnetic flux generated by the mod... | 08/11/1992 |
| 5138261 | Nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph A nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph comprises a magnet surrounding a measuring space for receiving an object under test, e.g. a human body. A coil is provided for generating a high-frequency magnetic field within the measuring space. The coil is fed by... | 08/11/1992 |
| 5134884 | Single pulse imaging device A method and device for imaging three dimensions with a single pulse of energy is described. An embodiment is disclosed which uses a single monopolar transmitted pulse which radiates through a wide solid angular volume. Echoes caused by objects in this vo... | 08/04/1992 |
| 5136243 | Apparatus and element for mapping a static magnetic field Antenna means are provided for mapping a static magnetic field comprising an array of impedence matched untuned antenna elements with linear dimensions greater than several wavelengths of radio frequency used for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or electr... | 08/04/1992 |
| 5134374 | Magnetic field control apparatus A magnetic field control apparatus for establishing a uniform field of flux for use in magnetic resonance imaging has a pair of opposed magnetic poles mounted on end plates of variable thickness. A pair of substantially flat parallel pole faces are attach... | 07/28/1992 |
| 5129267 | Flow line sampler An on-line product sampling apparatus and method for measuring product samples from a product stream (12) in a flow line (14) having a sampling aperture (11), includes a sampling tube (18) for containing product samples removed from flow line (14). A pist... | 07/14/1992 |
| 5130656 | Surface coil for a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus A surface coil for a nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus has a number of conductor sections arranged relative to each other. These sections can be connected to one another and to a reception unit by employing switches to enclose a preferable conductor ge... | 07/14/1992 |
| 5129262 | Plate-mode ultrasonic sensor An ultrasonic sensor which has a thin planar sheet of material forming a Lamb wave propagation medium, the sheet having a thickness which is no greater than about twenty microns. The sensor also includes a Lamb wave generator for generating Lamb waves in ... | 07/14/1992 |
| 5127268 | System for nondestructively determining composite material parameters A method and apparatus for nondestructively determining fiber volume fraction and resin porosity of a composite material constructed of at least two different constituent materials wherein the following parameters of the composite material to be tested ar... | 07/07/1992 |
| 5126671 | Method for exciting transverse magnetization in NMR pulse experiments In NMR pulse experiments transverse magnetization is excited by irradiating the nuclear spin system with a two pulse sequence of a first RF chirp pulse and a second RF chirp pulse, generated after a defocusing time interval ͌. The pulse duration of the s... | 06/30/1992 |
| 5126673 | Method for generating a sequence of spin echo signals, the application of this method in nuclear spin tomography, and a devicefor carrying out and/or for applying this method A method and drive for generating spin echo signals by a sequence of equidistant rf pulses of different amplitude and small flip angle , which pulses follow each other in very rapid succession. By proper selection of the amplitude, it is ensured th... | 06/30/1992 |
| 5123285 | Piezo electric impulse sensor An impulse sensor comprises a container vessel with a first cavity with an end wall, from which a force receiving member having an axially disposed elongated cavity extends; a transducer retainer member disposed in the first cavity in an affixed arrangeme... | 06/23/1992 |
| 5119678 | Pulse echo and through transmission ultra-sound A method for locating and identifying defects in a variable geometry workpiece using first and second transceivers positioned of a preselected distance apart adjacent opposite surfaces of the workpiece and aligned to direct ultrasonic signals toward each ... | 06/09/1992 |
| 5121059 | Magnetic resonance spectroscopie imaging method A method of reproducing the lactate distribution in a slice comprises first and second sequences, each comprising generating at least three rf pulses. The first sequence is such that the resultant stimulated echo signal remains uninfluenced by the lactate... | 06/09/1992 |
| 5119027 | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging method The invention relates to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and spectroscopy in which a combination of pulsed radio frequency fields and gradient magnetic fields, called pulse sequences, are used to acquire data from a sample's nuclear spins. Using ... | 06/02/1992 |
| 5115673 | Non-destructive method for determining elastic moduli of material A non-destructive method for determining elastic moduli of isotropic or anisotropic or homogeneous or nonhomogeneous material. The material is subjected to x-radiation for determining the density of the material at a sufficient number of discrete measurem... | 05/26/1992 |
| 5115671 | Method and apparatus for analyzing rotating machines A vibration transducer (22) is mounted to a rotating machine (20) for sensing vibration thereof. An output electrical signal from the vibration transducer is analyzed to generate a level display (18) of vibrational displacement per unit time, a speed disp... | 05/26/1992 |
| 5113706 | Ultrasound system with dynamic transmit focus An ultrasound system steps focus and power through a series of focal zones to provide real-time seamless images with a range exceeding the depth of field of the employed ultrasound transducer. The information required for the focus and power functions are... | 05/19/1992 |
| 5111695 | Dynamic phase focus for coherent imaging beam formation A method for dynamic focus of received energy, in a vibratory energy imaging system, into a beam in which contribution from transducers in an array of N such transducers, are progressively enabled to contribute to beam focussing dependent upon distance be... | 05/12/1992 |
| 5111696 | Method of visualizing reflection characteristic in ultrasonic examination A prior art computerized ultrasonic examination is performed by moving an ultrasonic probe over the surface of an object, transmitting short pulses of ultrasonic energy into the material. Combined digital position and echo pulse signals are electronically... | 05/12/1992 |
| 5111697 | Large-amplitude low-frequency vibrator A vibrator acting in a low frequency vibration domain, for fixing to and applying low frequency vibrations on a frame in a first predetermined direction along an axis X'X. The vibrator comprises: a first structure having cylindrical pole pieces cylindrica... | 05/12/1992 |
| 5109700 | Method and apparatus for analyzing rotating machines A vibration transducer (22) is mounted to a rotating machine (20) for sensing vibration thereof. An output electrical signal from the vibration transducer is analyzed to generate a level display (18) of vibrational displacement per unit time, a speed disp... | 05/05/1992 |
| 5111145 | Method and apparatus for studying the properties of a material The invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying dynamic nuclear polarization and magnetic imaging to studying an object. As the saturation of an electron spin system required by dynamic nuclear polarization is proceeding, the intensity of a p... | 05/05/1992 |
| 5107709 | Ultrasonic beam aiming apparatus and method for nondestructive testing The accurate positioning of an ultrasonic beam (21) to nondestructively test an object (11) is achieved by an ultrasonic beam aiming apparatus (10) including an ultrasonic transducer (20) generating an ultrasonic beam (21) having a focal point (22) and ax... | 04/28/1992 |
| 5107215 | RF power calibration for an NMR scanner An NMR imaging system includes a prescan procedure in which the RF transmit power level is calibrated to produce an optimal, uniform RF field. Pulse sequences are conducted at a series of RF power levels and from the resulting acquired NMR data the power ... | 04/21/1992 |
| 5107216 | Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus In an imaging apparatus using the nuclear magnetic resonance, a solenoid coil and a slot-resonator coil are combined with each other so as to constitute a quadrature-phase detection probe. In order to operate the slot-resonator coil at low frequency, indu... | 04/21/1992 |
| 5105152 | Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy using a linear class of large tip-angle selective excitation pulses Disclosed is a method of generating a linear large tip-angle selective excitation pulse for magnetic resonance imaging using a linear Fourier transform analysis. An inherently refocused small tip-angle excitation pulse which produces a rotation about an a... | 04/14/1992 |
| 5101663 | Method for the determination of strength of join between ceramic and non-ceramic The strength of a join between a ceramic and an associated non-ceramic is determined using an ultrasonic microscope. A converging ultrasonic beam is radiated against a point on a surface of the ceramic, said point being a predetermined distance away from ... | 04/07/1992 |
| 5099694 | Vibration detecting apparatus The present invention discloses a vibration detecting apparatus for obtaining a signal indicating the speed or displacement of an object by integrating a signal generated by an acceleration meter or a speed-meter, equipped with an integrator with a variab... | 03/31/1992 |
| 5099693 | Apparatus for investigating a sample with ultrasound An apparatus for investigating a sample with ultrasound has a probe head formed by a casing, a transducer element of piezoelectric plastics material, and a source for applying a high frequency pulse to the sample. The source is preferably one end of an op... | 03/31/1992 |
| 5099691 | Method for measuring length, and apparatus for implementing the method The length of a column of a gaseous or liquid substance or of a solid bar is determined by generating a standing wave of known frequency, wavelength and/or wave velocity in the column or in the bar. The wave frequency is varied until at least two consecut... | 03/31/1992 |
| 5097710 | Ultrasonic flash gauge An ultrasonic flash gauge is disclosed that provides a profile of a weld area in order to determine inside flash conditions in a pipe. The flash gauge is capable of operating at high temperature conditions adjacent to a electric resistance welder, thereby... | 03/24/1992 |
| 5095754 | Apparatus and method for detection of icing onset and ice thickness An apparatus and method for detection of icing onset and ice thickness upon an accretion surface utilizing ultrasonic echo ranging techniques, including propagation of ultrasonic waves through a buffer block. A portion of the wave energy is reflected by r... | 03/17/1992 |
| 5094107 | Press vibration severity/reliability monitoring system and method A method of generating a press load/speed vibration severity capacity zone chart, for the purpose of determining the effects of any press/die application on the long-term operating reliability of a press during its production operation, wherein sensors ar... | 03/10/1992 |
| 5092175 | Apparatus for testing hardness under load An apparatus for testing hardness under load has a measuring sensor in the form of a manual apparatus in which a mobile rod-shaped resonator can be slidingly inserted. The free end of the resonator, situated outside the housing, has a measuring tip. The r... | 03/03/1992 |
| 5092176 | Method for determining deposit buildup A method of determining low density deposits on the inner surface of a boiler tube comprises the generation of ultrasonic energy which is directed from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface of the tube. The energy is reflected back and forth ... | 03/03/1992 |
