Did You Know...
...that power steering was invented by independent inventor Francis W. Davis? As chief engineer in the 1920s of the truck division of the Pierce Arrow Motor Car Company, he saw how hard it was to steer heavy vehicles. So that he would be able to keep the profits from his future invention, Davis left his job, rented a small engineering shop in Waltham, Mass., and developed a hydraulic power steering system that led to power steering.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8168840 | Biomass pretreatment process A process is described for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass. The process comprises swelling the lignocellulosic biomass with an aqueous liquid. The pretreated lignocellulosic biomass may be used as a feedstock for the enzymatic conversion to ethanol, or in a ther... | 05/01/2012 |
| 8084656 | Systems and methods for oxidation of synthesis gas tar The various embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the process of gasification and the production of synthesis gas. More particularly, the various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the process of biomass gasification and the reduction... | 12/27/2011 |
| 8022260 | Process for the conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals The present invention relates to the conversion of solid biomass to liquid fuels and specialty chemicals. The process utilizes an activating step to make the biomass more susceptible to conversion, that is the biomass is broken down such that the components of the b... | 09/20/2011 |
| 8017820 | Continuous flowing pre-treatment system with steam recovery The present invention is directed to a continuous process for pretreating a lignocellulosic feedstock. A feedstock slurry is provided, which has a solids concentration of 10% to 33% by weight. The feedstock slurry is pumped through a heating train of at least two st... | 09/13/2011 |
| 7964761 | Processes for catalytic conversion of lignin to liquid bio-fuels and novel bio-fuels Processes for conversion of lignin to liquid products such as bio-fuels and fuel additives are disclosed and described. A process for conversion of a lignin material to bio-fuels can include subjecting the lignin material to a base catalyzed depolymerization reactio... | 06/21/2011 |
| 7465844 | Method of upgrading biomass, upgraded biomass, biomass water slurry and method of producing same, upgraded biomass gas, and method of gasifying biomass This method of upgrading a biomass comprises: an upgrading step for performing upgrading treatment of a cellulose based biomass with an oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of at least 0.5, in presence of water and under a pressure of at least saturated water vapor pressure, ... | 12/16/2008 |
| 7465843 | Recycling system for a waste processing plant A recycling system for a waste converting apparatus collects residues from a post-processing means and re-introduces the residues into the apparatus such that the residues are exposed to the high temperature zone thereof. ... | 12/16/2008 |
| 7423189 | Method of utilizing a catalytic reaction to recycle organic scrap The present invention discloses a method of utilizing a catalytic reaction to recycle organic scrap, wherein via a special cracking equipment, a special catalyst and a two-stage cracking process, the present invention not only can effectively convert organic scrap i... | 09/09/2008 |
| 7365236 | Generation of a creosote-like mixture, or recovery of metals, or both from preserved wood by reaction in supercritical water An environmentally-friendly method is disclosed for transforming preserved wood, for example creosote-treated or CCA-treated wood with supercritical water. The product of treating weathered creosote-treated wood is a mixture that is similar to fresh creosote. The no... | 04/29/2008 |
| 7288685 | Production of olefins from biorenewable feedstocks A process for producing olefins from biorenewable feedstocks has been developed. The process comprises first pretreating the feedstock, e.g. vegetable oil, to remove contaminants such as alkali metals and then cracking the purified feedstock in a fluidized catalytic... | 10/30/2007 |
| 7262331 | Process for the production of liquid fuels from biomass A process for continuously producing a pulp biomass, comprising subjecting a biomass containing feed to a treatment which comprises bringing the feed to a pressure of 100-250 bar, keeping the pressurized feed subsequently or concomitantly at a temperature not exceed... | 08/28/2007 |
| 7202389 | Flash-pyrolysis in a cyclone A process for the pyrolysis of carbonaceous material is carried out in a cyclone reactor which is fitted with enhanced filtering equipment. In addition the invention relates to the use of a cyclone fitted with a rotating filter as a pyrolysis reactor. By using a cyc... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7172702 | Method for using water in the processing of fuels for high temperature fuel cells Wastewater, particularly black water and/or gray water, is used, for example in an aircraft, for processing fuels used in a high temperature fuel cell. For this purpose a liquid hydrocarbon fuel is used for producing an emulsion for use as fuel in the high temperatu... | 02/06/2007 |
| 6841709 | Method of cutting polymer chains and method for producing chemical raw materials The present invention is to provide a technology to establish a new cycle-based organic chemical industry, which may be called a polymer cascade (polymer reflux industry) wherein the polymer substances shall not remain the final products, but still give birth to syn... | 01/11/2005 |
| 6653517 | Hydrocarbon conversion apparatus and method Presented is a method and apparatus for converting both organic and inorganic materials into more desirable products by the expedient of breaking down these materials into their stable molecular constituents and reforming them into more desirable substanc... | 11/25/2003 |
| 6270655 | Catalytic hydroconversion of chemically digested organic municipal solid waste materials A hydrocarbon liquid feedstock containing at least 50 wt. % chemically digested organic-MSW material is catalytically hydroconverted utilizing either a single stage or two-stage catalytic reaction process to produce desirable lower-boiling hydrocarbon liq... | 08/07/2001 |
| 6193837 | Preparation of brightness stabilization agent for lignin containing pulp from biomass pyrolysis oils A process for producing a brightness stabilization mixture of water-soluble organic compounds from biomass pyrolysis oils comprising: a) size-reducing biomass material and pyrolyzing the size-reduced biomass material in a fluidized bed reactor; b) separating a... | 02/27/2001 |
| 6180845 | Transforming biomass to hydrocarbon mixtures in near-critical or supercritical water Reacting organic compounds with near-critical or supercritical aqueous phases can dramatically transform the organic compounds over short time periods (on the order of minutes to hours). The reductive process is conducted in anaerobic or near-anaerobic co... | 01/30/2001 |
| 6172272 | Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated, partially oxygenated gasoline A high-yield process for converting lignin into reformulated, partially oxygenated gasoline compositions of high quality is provided. The process is a two-stage catalytic reaction process that produces a reformulated, partially oxygenated gasoline product... | 01/09/2001 |
| 6139722 | Process and apparatus for converting oil shale or tar sands to oil The invention relates to a continuous process for producing synthetic crude oil from oil bearing material, e.g., oil shale or tar sand, through continuous feeding and calcining, hydrocracking and hydrogenating kerogen or bitumen.... | 10/31/2000 |
| 6133491 | Process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from residential trash or waste and/or organic waste materials The invention provides a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from residential trash or waste and/or organic waste materials. In particular, the invention provides a process and apparatus for producing hydrocarbons from residential trash or wa... | 10/17/2000 |
| 6005149 | Method and apparatus for processing organic materials to produce chemical gases and carbon char The invention provides a practical and efficient method and apparatus for thermally processing organic based raw materials of either primary or secondary (recycled) origin, in order to extract volatile organic vapors and to selectively produce either cond... | 12/21/1999 |
| 6001144 | Waste treatment process A process of gasifying waste containing organic substances which may be combusted or gasified by means of partial oxidation in the presence of air or oxygen and steam. The gasification process includes the step of adjusting the molar ratio of steam/carbon... | 12/14/1999 |
| 5961786 | Apparatus for a circulating bed transport fast pyrolysis reactor system This invention generally relates to a new method and apparatus for the fast pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials involving rapid mixing, high heat transfer rates, precisely controlled short uniform residence times and rapid primary product quench in an upf... | 10/05/1999 |
| 5959167 | Process for conversion of lignin to reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline A process for converting lignin into high-quality reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline compositions in high yields is disclosed. The process is a two-stage, catalytic reaction process that produces a reformulated hydrocarbon gasoline product with a controlle... | 09/28/1999 |
| 5792340 | Method and apparatus for a circulating bed transport fast pyrolysis reactor system This invention generally relates to a new method and apparatus for the fast pyrolysis of carbonaceous materials involving rapid mixing, high heat transfer rates, precisely controlled short uniform residence times and rapid primary product quench in an upf... | 08/11/1998 |
| 5705722 | Conversion of biomass feedstock to diesel fuel additive A process is described for producing additives for diesel fuels having high cetane numbers and serving as fuel ignition improvers. In the process, biomass feedstock selected from (a) tall oil containing less than 0.5 wt % ash, less than 25 wt % unsaponifi... | 01/06/1998 |
| 5504259 | Process to convert biomass and refuse derived fuel to ethers and/or alcohols A process for conversion of a feedstock selected from the group consisting of biomass and refuse derived fuel (RDF) to provide reformulated gasoline components comprising a substantial amount of materials selected from the group consisting of ethers, alco... | 04/02/1996 |
| 5386070 | Pyrolysis of polystyrene - polyphenylene oxide to recover styrene and useful products A process of using fast pyrolysis in a carrier gas to convert a polystyrene and polyphenylene oxide plastic waste to a given polystyrene and polyphenylene oxide prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components therein comprising: selecting a first temperatu... | 01/31/1995 |
| 5336819 | Liquefaction of cellulose The conversion of cellulose to hydrocarbon fuel, particularly fuel oil can be carried out using a polycyclic hydrogen donor substance. The present invention rests on the discovery that a light cut of the product oil can be used in place of the polycyclic ... | 08/09/1994 |
| 5321174 | Controlled catalystic and thermal sequential pyrolysis and hydrolysis of polycarbonate and plastic waste to recover monomers A process of using fast pyrolysis to convert a plastic waste feed stream containing polycarbonate and ABS to high value monomeric constituents prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components therein comprising: selecting a first temperature program range t... | 06/14/1994 |
| 5186722 | Hydrocarbon-based fuels from biomass The invention relates to a process for providing fuels from biomass such as seed oils or plant fruits. Generally the process utilizes a metal catalyzed conversion to step to provide fuel mixtures with compositions that may be varied depending on condition... | 02/16/1993 |
| 5180868 | Method of upgrading oils containing hydroxyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds to highly aromatic gasoline The present invention is a multi-stepped method of converting an oil which is produced by various biomass and coal conversion processes and contains primarily single and multiple ring hydroxyaromatic hydrocarbon compounds to highly aromatic gasoline. The ... | 01/19/1993 |
| 4983782 | Process for treating wastes and the like by low temperature carbonization and further processing of the low temperature carbonization oil Liquid phase hydrogenation of the liquid products of the low temperature carbonization of waste yields products which are free of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The hydrogenation may be catalyzed by the low temperature coke... | 01/08/1991 |
| 4982027 | Process for the reprocessing of carbon containing wastes This invention relates to an improved process for the reprocessing of carbon containing wastes by pretreating the same thermally in the presence or absence of hydrogen, followed by hydrogenation of the pretreated material at elevated temperature and at le... | 01/01/1991 |
| 4933283 | Process for converting cellulosic materials to hydrocarbon products Cellulosic materials are converted to hydrocarbons by hydrolyzing cellulosic materials to produce a mixture of fermentable sugars and unfermentable furfural, fermenting the mixture to obtain a fermented mixture containing fermented product and unfermented... | 06/12/1990 |
| 4919686 | Process for the pyrolytic production of synthetic gas A method for the pyrolytic production of synthetic gas from components of solid materials, including selected segregated post-consumed waste materials, within a pyrolytic gasifier operably heated by an associated furnace, which includes the steps of: prep... | 04/24/1990 |
| 4822935 | Hydrogasification of biomass to produce high yields of methane A process for hydrogasification of biomass to produce high yields of methane utilizes a reactor capable of carrying out rapid pyrolysis. Biomass particles, hydrogen, particles of a suitable catalyst that has both cracking and hydrogenation activity, and h... | 04/18/1989 |
| 4553978 | Process for converting ligneous matter of vegetable origin by torrefaction, and product obtained thereby The present invention relates to a process for converting ligneous matter of vegetable origin by torrefaction, and to the product obtained. Wood or any other ligneous matter is subjected in a neutral atmosphere to a treatment of torrefaction at a temperat... | 11/19/1985 |
| 4539094 | Extraction of depolymerized carbonaceous material using supercritical ammonia Improved extraction and recovery of carbonaceous products are achieved by the aqueous alkali depolymerization of carbonaceous materials, low rank coals, followed by the supercritical extraction with ammonia when the depolymerized material retains a signif... | 09/03/1985 |
