William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8173399 | Method for producing lacto-N-biose I and galacto-N-biose A method for producing lacto-N-biose I and galacto-N-biose inexpensively and conveniently is provided. The method for producing lacto-N-biose I or galacto-N-biose, characterized in that the method comprises causing: (i) a co... | 05/08/2012 |
| 8137935 | Method for isolating endotoxins The invention concerns a novel method for extracting endotoxins from bacteria, and the use of said method for preparing compositions comprising endotoxins or derivatives thereof designed for human or animal use (scientific, medical usage). ... | 03/20/2012 |
| 8129147 | Meningococcal oligosaccharide linked polysaccharides and diptheria protein conjugate vaccine for all ages Methods for producing quadrivalent meningococcal meningitis polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines for serotypes A, C, Y and W-135 disclosed. Neisseria meningitidis fastidious medium was designed to maximize the yield of capsular polysaccharides and generate m... | 03/06/2012 |
| 8124380 | Glycoconjugates and their use as potential vaccines against infection by A conjugate molecule comprising an oligo- or polysaccharide covalently bound to a carrier and its use as potential vaccine against infection by S. Flexneri. ... | 02/28/2012 |
| 8101383 | Method for syngas-production from liquefied biomass The present invention relates to methods for syngas-production from biomass enabling the conversion of pre-treated biomasses having a high dry-matter content into electricity or oil-based products such as petrol, diesel, chemicals and plastics through the formation ... | 01/24/2012 |
| 8067204 | Long-chain chondroitin sugar chain and method for producing the same and method for promoting synthesis of chondroitin A method for producing a chondroitin sugar chain comprises reacting a glucuronic acid donor, an N-acetyl galactosamine donor, a sugar receptor and a bacterial cell enzyme which synthesizes chondroitin in the presence of a surfactant. The surfactant is selected from ... | 11/29/2011 |
| 8062868 | Method of forming an electrically conductive cellulose composite An electrically conductive cellulose composite includes a cellulose matrix and an electrically conductive carbonaceous material incorporated into the cellulose matrix. The electrical conductivity of the cellulose composite is at least 10 μS/cm at 25° C. The compos... | 11/22/2011 |
| 8034586 | Method for making soluble arabinoxylans as co-product of fermentation of whole-grain cereals The present invention provides a method for producing preparations comprising soluble arabinoxylans as co-products of ethanol production through fermentation of whole-grain cereals. The method results in preparations that are highly enriched in soluble arabinoxylans... | 10/11/2011 |
| 8030030 | Biomass pretreatment A method for lignocellulose conversion to sugar with improvements in yield and rate of sugar production has been developed by using ionic liquid pretreatment. This new pretreatment strategy substantially improves the efficiency (in terms of yield and reaction rates)... | 10/04/2011 |
| 8003352 | Method of obtaining a product sugar stream from cellulosic biomass The invention relates to a process for obtaining a product sugar stream from a cellulosic biomass, comprising pretreating the cellulosic biomass to hydrolyze a portion of the cellulose and hemicellulose to produce glucose, acetic acid and a sugar monomer, adding bas... | 08/23/2011 |
| 7960146 | BGL3 beta-glucosidase and nucleic acids encoding the same The present invention provides a novel β-glucosidase nucleic acid sequence, designated bgl3, and the corresponding BGL3 amino acid sequence. The invention also provides expression vectors and host cells comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding BGL3, recombinant ... | 06/14/2011 |
| 7951562 | Method for glycosylating hydroxylysine residues in polypeptides or peptides This invention relates to a multifunctional enzyme having lysyl hydroxylase and glycosyltransferase activity and to the use of the enzyme in glycosylating hydroxylysine residues. In particular this invention relates to a method for producing glycosyltransferase acti... | 05/31/2011 |
| 7927837 | Modified chondroitin synthase polypeptide and crystal thereof Disclosed are: (A) a polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, or (B) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 including deletion, substitution or addition of one or several amino acid residues and having chondroitin syn... | 04/19/2011 |
| 7901912 | Method of producing uridine 5′-diphospho--acetylgalactosamine The present invention provides a method for enzymatically producing uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) (which is an important substrate for oligosaccharide synthesis) from uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP) and N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate (... | 03/08/2011 |
| 7851183 | Genes encoding a nystatin polyketide synthase and their manipulation and utility The invention provides a nucleic acid molecule comprising: (a) a nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID No. 35; or (b) a nucleotide sequence which is the complement of SEQ ID No. 35; or (c) a nucleotide sequence which is degenerate with SEQ ID No. 35; or (d) a nucle... | 12/14/2010 |
| 7838267 | Increasing rate of enzyme catalyzed equilibrium reactions A method of increasing the rate of conversion of reactants to reaction product of enzyme catalyzed, reversible, i.e., equilibrium, reactions having water or methanol as byproduct includes removing water and/or methanol from the reaction mass during reaction by perme... | 11/23/2010 |
| 7790417 | Stable biodegradable, high water absorbable polyglutamic acid hydrogel by 3-dimensional cross-linking and its preparation method The present invention relates to a method for the production of a stable biodegradable, high water absorbable γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel by directly cross-linking (A) a γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), a γ-polyglutamate,... | 09/07/2010 |
| 7785839 | Methods to manufacture 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides This application provides a process for preparing enantiomerically pure β-D-dioxolane nucleosides. In particular, a new synthesis of (−)-DAPD, suitable for large scale development, is described. In one embodiment the invention provides a process for preparing a s... | 08/31/2010 |
| 7745177 | Method for manufacturing xylitol with high-yield and high-productivity The present invention provides a method for manufacturing xylitol with high-yield and high-productivity by using a xylitol dehydrogenase-deficient mutant of xylitol producing microorganism. This goal is achieved through modification of the metabolic pathway of the x... | 06/29/2010 |
| 7670806 | ADP-ribosyl acceptor hydrolase 3 (ARH3) polypeptides and methods of use This disclosure provides methods for catalyzing the release of ADP-ribose from poly(ADP-ribose) or O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Also provided are methods for modifying DNA repair or chromatin structure by introducing into the cell an agent that modifies the activity of an A... | 03/02/2010 |
| 7582451 | Carotene synthase gene and uses therefor Described herein is a novel three domain gene from Schizochytrium, denoted carotene synthase, that encodes a protein with three different enzymatic activities: phytoene dehydrogenase (PD), phytoene synthase (PS), and lycopene cyclase (LC). Also described is t... | 09/01/2009 |
| 7575900 | Non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme, trehalose-releasing enzyme, and process for producing saccharides using the enzymes A non-reducing saccharide-forming enzyme and a trehalose-releasing enzyme, which have an optimum temperature in a medium temperature range, i.e., a temperature of over 40 or 45° C. but below 60° C.; and an optimum pH in an acid pH range, i.e., a pH of less than 7.... | 08/18/2009 |
| 7517673 | Process for producing alpha1,4-galactosyltransferase and galactose-containing complex carbohydrate The present invention can provide a process for producing a protein having α1.4-galactosyltransferase activity using a transformant comprising a DNA encoding a protein having α1.4-galactosyltransferase activity derived from a microorganism belonging to the genus | 04/14/2009 |
| 7491517 | Method of producing meningococcal meningitis vaccine for serotypes A,C,Y, and W-135 Methods for producing quadrivalent meningococcal meningitis polysaccharide and conjugate vaccines for serotypes A, C, Y and W-135 disclosed. Neisseria meningitidis fastidious medium was designed to maximize the yield of capsular polysaccharides and generate m... | 02/17/2009 |
| 7488591 | Process for producing protein with reduction of acidic sugar chain and glycoprotein produced thereby A gene participating in addition of mannose phosphate to a sugar chain of a glycoprotein originating in a yeast belonging to the genus Pichia is described. Also described is a means of suppressing a functional product encoded by the gene. ... | 02/10/2009 |
| 7442541 | β-glucan-containing fat and oil composition and novel microorganism capable of producing β-glucan A β-glucan-containing fat and oil composition contains β-glucan of microorganism origin or basidiomycete origin. The β-glucan-containing fat and oil composition has β-glucan uniformly dispersed in a food without worsening the texture, taste etc. of the food. The... | 10/28/2008 |
| 7422755 | Antimultiorganism glycoconjugate vaccine The present invention relates, e.g., to a glycoconjugate composition comprising one or more polysaccharide types from a cell wall polysaccharide preparation from B. pumilus Sh 18, or variants thereof. Also disclosed are antibodies generated against the glycoc... | 09/09/2008 |
| 7419809 | Method for glucose production with a modified cellulase mixture The present invention pertains to a method of converting cellulose to glucose by treating a pretreated lignocellulosic substrate with an enzyme mixture comprising cellulase enzyme and a modified CBHO, wherein the modified CBHI is present in the enzyme mixture at an ... | 09/02/2008 |
| 7390644 | Production of exopolysaccharides unattached to the surface of bacterial cells The present invention is directed to a Sphingomonas bacteria and a method of producing exopolysaccharides by culturing a Shpingomonas bacteria in a fermentation broth for a time and temperature effective for providing a sphingan exopolysaccharide in a ... | 06/24/2008 |
| 7364879 | Stable biodegradable, high water absorbable polyglutamic acid hydrogel by 3-dimensional cross-linking and its preparation method The present invention relates to a method for the production of a stable biodegradable, high water absorbable γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel by directly cross-linking (A) a γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA), a γ-polyglutamate,... | 04/29/2008 |
| 7347617 | Mixing in microfluidic devices Mixing of liquids in a microfluidic device is accomplished by dispensing the liquids into a first chamber to produce combined liquid. The liquids are thereafter discharged through at least one capillary from the first chamber into a second chamber for complete mixin... | 03/25/2008 |
| 7341853 | Method for glycosylating hydroxylysine residues This invention relates to a multifunctional enzyme having lysyl hydroxylase and glycosyltransferase activity and to the use of the enzyme in glycosylating hydroxylysine residues. In particular this invention relates to a method for producing glycosyltransferase acti... | 03/11/2008 |
| 7335500 | Production of fucosylated carbohydrates by enzymatic fucosylation synthesis of sugar nucleotides; and in situ regeneration of GDP-fucose This invention contemplates improved methods of enzymatic production of carbohydrates especially fucosylated carbohydrates. Improved syntheses of glycosyl 1- or 2-phosphates using both chemical and enzymatic means are also contemplated. The phosphorylated glycosides... | 02/26/2008 |
| 7326553 | Maltose-1-phosphate-producing enzyme The present invention provides an M-1-P-producing enzyme which employs, as starting materials, an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide having a glucose polymerization degree of 5 or more and containing an α-1,4-glycosidic bond such as maltooligosaccharide, dextrin, or... | 02/05/2008 |
| 7309587 | Process for producing β 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase and N-acetylglucosamine-containing complex carbohydrate The present invention can provide a process for producing a protein having β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity using a transformant comprising a DNA encoding a protein having β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity derived from a microorganism belo... | 12/18/2007 |
| 7291343 | antigens and vaccines A majority of E. faecalis and E. faecium clinical isolates fall into two groups and three groups, respectively. Distinct antigens are associate with each of the five groups. The Enterococcus antigens are readily obtained from strains of E. fa... | 11/06/2007 |
| 7288532 | Modified chitosan polymers and enzymatic methods for the production thereof The present invention is directed to homogeneous phase enzyme-catalyzed processes for producing modified chitosan polymers or oligomers. An enzyme is reacted with a phenolic substrate in the presence of a chitosan polymer or oligomer to produce a modified chitosan p... | 10/30/2007 |
| 7279310 | Process for producing sugar chains using β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase The present invention provides a novel polypeptide having a β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity, an agent for synthesizing a sugar chain comprising the polypeptide, a process for producing a sugar chain or a complex carbohydrate using the agent for synthe... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7267971 | Process for preparation of thermostable enzyme A process for the preparation of thermostable enzyme glucose oxidase of high Transition temperature (Tm) useful for biological processes of high temperature, said process comprising steps of silanizaton of the activated glass beads by evaporative depositi... | 09/11/2007 |
| 7256047 | Measurement of gluconeogenesis and intermediary metabolism using stable isotopes The present invention provides a combination of carbon-13 and deuterium metabolic tracers and methods that when used in conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, provide a measurement of metabolic fluxes in the target organisms. The tracers of the pr... | 08/14/2007 |