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Class 427 - Coating processes

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747 Subclasses


Subclasses list

Definition

A. This is the generic class for applying or obtaining a coating on a surface. The coating may be hard or soft, permanent or transitory, supplied solely by extraneous materials or supplied wholly or in part by the base material.

B. This is the generic class for impregnating a base by causing a coating material to extend or penetrate into the base material, or into the interstices of a porous, cellular or foraminous material. (1) Throughout this class the term "base" or "substrate" refers to the surface upon which a coating is formed except in those instances in which a surface has been previously coated and a second coating is applied, in which case the initial surface is considered the base or substrate. In the case of laminated products the base or substrate is the surface upon which the coating is directly applied. (2) Throughout this class, the term "coating" is used in the generic sense to include both surface coating and impregnation.

C. This class also takes preparatory treatments of the base material, subsequent treatments of the coated base material and other ancillary noncoating operations claimed, per se, processes limited to etching for making a base more compatible with, or adherent to, the coating wherein the base is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied are included, when there is no class which specifically provides therefor.

Lines with other classes and within this class

NONSIGNIFICANT COATING PROCESSES

A. A patent containing a claim to a coating composition or compound, which claim is, per se, classified in Classes 106, 252, 260, 423, and 520, and also a claim to a nonsignificant process of utilizing the claimed compound or composition to coat a substrate, is classified with the claimed compound or composition. The following guide lines are used to determine if a process step is significant.

1. Any pretreatment or post-treatment of a base or applied coating is a significant process step; processes limited to etching or making a base more compatible with, or adherent to, the coating wherein the base is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied are included, e.g., curing, drying, or smoothing a coating, or cleaning or drying a base.

2. A specific recitation of how the coating is applied; e.g., brushing, dipping, spraying, immersion, etc., is significant. General statements of applying, covering, or coating, etc. are not significant.

3. Processes resulting in plural coatings are considered significant.

4. A process resulting in a coating having a specific thickness or lack of uniformity is considered significant.

5. Specific recitation as to the condition of a coating being applied is generally significant except: (a) A condition also included in an independent composition claim, e.g., pH concentration, etc., is not significant. (b) Statements that a coating material is molten or in an organic, inorganic, or aqueous solution is not significant unless accompanied by a recitation of specific times or temperatures or chemically defined solvents.

6. Structural limitations regarding the base to which the coating is applied are considered to render the process significant if the product produced is not classified in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.

B. Patents containing only claims to a process of coating a substrate wherein no significant process steps are recited, are classified in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, according to the product produced by the process. 1. Guidelines for use in determining if a process is significant are the same as set out under "A" note above. Note especially the reference to structural limitations of the base being coated.

C. Patents containing (1) a claim to a compound or composition classifiable in Classes 106, 252, 260, 423, and 520 (2) a coated product claim which, per se, does not have significant structure for Class 428 and (3) a claim to a significant process which is, per se, classifiable in Class 427 is classified as an original in Class 428.

CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES

Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of urea and hydrogen peroxide is classified in Class 564, subclass 32, urea and an organic compound in Class 564, subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536, subclass 112, etc. Where a patent does not state that a material is either a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that the material is either a coated or encapsulated product classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.

References to Other Classes, below, contain the following areas:

Coating Processes Classified Elsewhere, including Bleaching, Dyeing, Chemical Modification of Textiles and paper, Certain Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles. And Hazardous or Toxic Waste Product in Coating Processes

 
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