William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7238262 | System and method of coating substrates and assembling devices having coated elements A system and method of coating curved substrates and assembling devices having coated elements. The system and method are of particular utility in the manufacture of lamps having a coating formed on the hermetically sealed light emitting chamber of the lamp. The sys... | 07/03/2007 |
| 5800235 | Process for manufacturing incandescent lamps having gettering agents Filaments having a thin exterior tungsten phosphide layer for use in incandescent lamps are made by exposing tungsten filaments to vapors of elemental phosphorous at approximately 675° to 725° C. in an evacuated vacuum furnace. The tungsten phosphide la... | 09/01/1998 |
| 5389853 | Incandescent lamp filament with surface crystallites and method of formation The invention refers to a filament having improved emission of visible light. The emissivity of a tungsten filament is improved by depositing a layer of submicron-to-micron crystallites on the filament, the layer having substantially submicron spacing bet... | 02/14/1995 |
| 5254216 | Oxygen scavenging in a plasma reactor Trace amounts of oxygen are removed from a plasma reactor by heating a filament during the times the reactor is not processing to cause the filament to react with the oxygen in the reactor, and forms an oxide of the filament material and the oxygen.... | 10/19/1993 |
| 5152870 | Method for producing lamp filaments of increased radiative efficiency A method for fabricating incandescent lamp filaments having surface features of submicron-to-micron sized cross sections which increase the radiative efficiency of the filament comprises depositing at least one enveloping mask layer on the filament and cu... | 10/06/1992 |
| 5102363 | Manufacturing method of indirectly heated cathode The present invention relates to the manufacturing method of an indirectly heated cathode comprising the formation of a black film on the internal surface of a cathode sleeve, which contains a reducing material, the black film being formed by heat reducti... | 04/07/1992 |
| 4983420 | Method of applying a thermally black layer to a heating member for an indirectly heated cathode A filament for an indirectly heated cathode is coated with a tungsten-aluminium oxide suspension, the tungsten particles being stabilized by a chemisorbed monomolecular layer of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid such as stearic acid.... | 01/08/1991 |
| 4915746 | Method of forming high temperature barriers in structural metals to make such metals creep resistant at high homologous temperatures A method of forming internal high temperature barriers in structural metals is provided. The barriers prevent movement of boundaries and dislocations inside the structural metal, and make strutural metals creep resistant at high homologous temperatures. T... | 04/10/1990 |
| 4844942 | Method of producing dark heater A dark heater is produced by a method which comprises coating the first coating layer made of an insulating material with a suspension containing heat-resistant particles having a high thermal emissivity, such as W particles, while 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of a v... | 07/04/1989 |
| 4745325 | Heater for indirect-heated cathode Disclosed is a heater for indirect-heated cathode having a heating element composed of a wire with a high specific resistance, such as titanium or titanium-based alloy, around which another wire with a low specific resistance is wound, and having a heat-r... | 05/17/1988 |
| 4519785 | Life tungsten filament for incandescent lamp A method for increasing the life and stability of tungsten filaments by burning the filaments in an atmosphere containing WF6. The procedure effects hot spot repair of the filaments by localized deposition of tungsten thereon.... | 05/28/1985 |
| 4296352 | Incandescent lamp An improved incandescent lamp filament is described having an inner core of doped tungsten crystals with a surface layer of chemically vapor deposited undoped tungsten crystals. The inner core material exhibits the sag-resistant grain structure obtained w... | 10/20/1981 |
| 4251569 | Method of coating arc discharge lamp electrode An arc discharge lamp electrode is coated by applying thereto a suspension of alkaline earth compounds in a liquid vehicle of lignosulfonic acid, ammonia and ethylene glycol.... | 02/17/1981 |
| 4215180 | Oxide-coated cathodes for electron tubes An oxide-coated cathode for electron tubes which comprises a base metal plate made of an alloy comprising nickel as a main component and 2% by weight or more of at least one high-melting point metal, an oxide layer coated on the base metal plate comprisin... | 07/29/1980 |
| 4210839 | Mercury lamp for promoting plant growth There is disclosed a mercury lamp which has been found to markedly increase plant growth. The electrodes in a conventional mercury lamp are coated with an "emission material" for extending lamp life and to facilitate starting. In accordance with the inven... | 07/01/1980 |
| 4136227 | Electrode of discharge lamp An electrode of a high pressure metal-vapor lamp such as a high pressure mercury-vapor lamp including mercury and rare-gas and a high pressure sodium-vapor lamp including mercury, rare-gas and sodium, is disclosed. The electrode has an improved electron emissi... | 01/23/1979 |
| 4126489 | Method of making cathode heaters A method of improving the thermal emmissivity of a cathode heater wire to allow lower temperature operation of the heater without an attendant lowering in the cathode operating temperature, in which method the surface of a tungsten or molybdenum wire is o... | 11/21/1978 |
| 4103042 | Hot filament, arc type ion source and method A method and apparatus for providing an improved hot filament, arc type ion source is disclosed. The arc type ion source utilizes a filament having a carburized surface layer and/or means to provide a hydrocarbon gas containing atmosphere about said filam... | 07/25/1978 |
| 3989549 | Method of making incandescent lamp The coiled tungsten filament of an incandescent lamp is made more resistant to sagging by exposing the filament to a vaporized phosphorus atmosphere so as to form tungsten monophosphide on the filament. The filament is subsequently heated in order to diss... | 11/02/1976 |
| 3985917 | Method of depositing material on a heated substrate The invention is directed to the deposition of a coating on a substrate by reacting vaporized chemicals on contact with a heated surface to deposit a coating. According to the invention, the deposition surface is cleaned and coated in a single stage react... | 10/12/1976 |
| 3982046 | Incandescent lamps Tungsten-halogen lamps of extended life are obtained by coating internal surfaces of the discharge tube and exposed surfaces of internal components with metal phosphate or arsenate glasses. The preferred glass is aluminium titanium phosphate. The coatings... | 09/21/1976 |
| 3936532 | Activation of thin wire emitters for field ionization/field desorption mass spectrometry Improved, more reliable activation of a thin wire emitter for field ionization and field desorption mass spectrometry is provided by controlled preroughening of the emitter wire prior to growing semiconducting microneedles on the wire surface.... | 02/03/1976 |
| 3931436 | Segmented gas discharge display panel device and method of manufacturing same There is disclosed an improved gaseous discharge display panel device and process of manufacturing same. A large number of cathode substrate electrode and mask structures are printed and fired on a single glass sheet, the electrodes being printed first an... | 01/06/1976 |