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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7435401 | Pseudoisothermal ammonia process Ammonia is produced in a reactor 22, 24, 246, 248, 250 or 252, in which pseudoisothermal conditions can be approached by convective cooling of a reaction zone of the reactor by positioning at least a portion of the reaction zone in indirect contact wit... | 10/14/2008 |
| 7371361 | Maximum reaction rate converter system for exothermic reactions An ammonia converter system and method are disclosed. The reactor can alter the conversion of ammonia by controlling the reaction temperature of the exothermic reaction along the length of the reactor to parallel the equilibrium curve for the desired product. The re... | 05/13/2008 |
| 7279138 | Horizontal chemical reactor, in particular for methanol synthesis A horizontal chemical reactor comprises at least one catalytic bed (5a-5d) arranged horizontally in the reactor and comprising a lower gas-permeable wall (6) for gas outlet, and a holding element (2) of the at least one cata... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7186389 | Method for carrying out chemical reactions in pseudo-isothermal conditions Method for carrying out in continuous, under so-called pseudo-isothermal conditions and in a predetermined reaction environment, such as a catalytic bed, a selected chemical reaction, comprising the steps of providing in the reaction environment at least one tubular... | 03/06/2007 |
| 7172743 | Method for the catalytic production of ammonia from synthesis gas Ammonia is produced from a synthesis gas containing nitrogen and hydrogen on a granular catalyst in at least one reactor at pressures in the range from 50 to 300 bar and temperatures in the range from 100 to 600° C. A product mixture containing NH3 vapor... | 02/06/2007 |
| 7070750 | Multiple-pressure process for the production of ammonia The invention relates to a process for the production of ammonia from synthesis gas, the synthesis of ammonia from synthesis gas taking place in several lined-up synthesis systems, whereby ammonia is produced from a portion of the synthesis gas in each system with a... | 07/04/2006 |
| 6955797 | Process for the preparation of ammonia Process for the preparation of ammonia comprising steps of contacting an ammonia synthesis gas with an ammonia synthesis catalyst arranged as reaction zone in one or more catalyst tubes; cooling the reaction zone b... | 10/18/2005 |
| 6955858 | Transition metal doped ferromagnetic III-V nitride material films and methods of fabricating the same Transition metal doped II–V nitride material films exhibit ferromagnetic properties at or above room temperature. A III–V nitride material film may be doped with a transition metal film in-situ during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition and/or by solid-state... | 10/18/2005 |
| 6921737 | Method of synthesizing a double metal cyanide catalyst An improved method for synthesizing a double metal cyanide (DMC) catalyst combines and sonicates aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of a first metal salt, such as Zn(OAc)2, of a second metal salt, such as CoCl2, and of an alkali metal cyanide, s... | 07/26/2005 |
| 6916453 | Reactor for exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions A reactor (1) for carrying out exothermic or endothermic heterogeneous reactions comprising an outer shell (2) of substantially cylindrical shape and at least a heat exchanger (9) embedded in a catalytic layer (10) supported in said shell... | 07/12/2005 |
| 6540971 | Process and reactor for the preparation of ammonia Process and reactor for the preparation of ammonia at elevated pressure and temperature in an ammonia reactor, wherein a process stream of ammonia synthesis gas is successively passed through at least three catalyst beds with intermediate cooling of parti... | 04/01/2003 |
| 6482382 | Process and converter for the preparation of ammonia Process for the preparation of ammonia, wherein three separate streams of fresh ammonia synthesis gas are used. The ammonia converter contains at least two catalyst beds connected in series. The second and third synthesis gas streams are passed through he... | 11/19/2002 |
| 6299849 | Method for in-situ modernization of a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor A Method for in-situ modernization of a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor, comprising the steps of providing at least a first and at least a second catalytic bed (12, 13) in an upper (2a) respectively lower (2b) portion of the reactor, providing ... | 10/09/2001 |
| 6228341 | Process using plate arrangement for exothermic reactions A process and apparatus cools a heat exchange type reaction zone by passing the incoming reactants through heat exchange channels in heat exchange relationship with the reaction zone. The invention simplifies the operation and construction of the heat exc... | 05/08/2001 |
| 6197271 | Catalytic reactor and process for exothermic gas phase reactions Disclosed is a reactor and process for exothermic vapour phase reaction, wherein the reactor (1; 101) comprises a pressure vessel (2; 102) having an inlet (3;103) for reactant(s) and an outlet (4; 104) for products; a plurality of beds (5; 105) with heter... | 03/06/2001 |
| 6015537 | Process and reactor for the preparation of ammonia Process for the preparation of ammonia at elevated pressure and temperature in an ammonia reactor, comprising passing a process stream of ammonia synthesis gas successively through at least three catalyst beds and reacting the synthesis gas in the beds; i... | 01/18/2000 |
| 5997834 | Process for the preparation of ammonia A process for the preparation of ammonia from a hydrogen- and nitrogen-containing synthesis gas having a combined compression step in the recirculation of synthesis gas from at least two ammonia synthesis loops. The process includes admixing to the synthe... | 12/07/1999 |
| 5882606 | Method of retrofitting a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor In a method of modernizing a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor (1) of the type comprising an external shell (2), in which at least one catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is supported, the catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is connected to an external boiler (21)... | 03/16/1999 |
| 5427760 | Axial-radial reactors in the braun ammonia synloop with extrnal heat sink The present invention discloses application of axial-radial reactors to the Braun synloop using an external heat sink between the feed/effluent exchanger and the inlet to the second reactor. The advantages of the axial-radial reactors in the Braun synloop... | 06/27/1995 |
| 5352428 | High conversion ammonia synthesis A process and apparatus are disclosed to achieve high per-pass synthesis conversion of ammonia. A nitrogen/hydrogen synthesis gas mixture is passed sequentially through a plurality of catalyst beds. The effluent from a subsequent catalyst bed is cooled by... | 10/04/1994 |
| 5184386 | Method for retrofitting carbon monoxide conversion reactors Reactors for the catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide are advantageously modified in situ from axial flow reactors into substantially radial flow reactors, and more particularly into axial-radial flow reactors. To this end at least ... | 02/09/1993 |
| 5152977 | Process for exothermic heterogeneous synthesis with external recovery of heat In a process for exothermic and heterogeneous synthesis, for example of ammonia, in which the synthesis gas is reacted in several catalytic beds with axial-radial or only radial flow, the reaction gas is collected at the outlet from the last catalytic bed... | 10/06/1992 |
| 5130098 | System to improve the efficiency of heterogeneous reactors for exothermic synthesis and more particularly for the reaction of ammonia A system for modernizing exothermic heterogeneous reactors used in the synthesis of ammonia, methanol and the like, which include a pressure shell, a wall for forming an airspace, a wall or cartridge for containing a catalyst bed, and catalyst-containing ... | 07/14/1992 |
| 5032364 | Ammonia synthesis plant In an ammonia synthesis process a nitrogen-hydrogen gas is reacted partially over a catalyst at a pressure in the range 30°-120° C., ammonia is separated as liquid after cooling the reacted synthesis gas and unreacted synthesis gas is recycled. The ... | 07/16/1991 |
| 5006316 | Reactors for heterogeneous synthesis In reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, comprising a boiler and a heat exchanger inserted at least partially into the end catalytic beds, and at least an intermediate catalytic bed, two airspaces are now provided in each catalytic bed by introducing coup... | 04/09/1991 |
| 4963338 | Process for heterogeneous synthesis and related reactors Improved process for heterogeneous synthesis and related reactors according to which the synthesis catalyst is distributed in three catalytic beds either axial-radial or radial, control of the temperature between beds being effected by means of fresh quen... | 10/16/1990 |
| 4952375 | System for reducing energy consumption improving reactors for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis and related reactors The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one... | 08/28/1990 |
| 4946657 | System to reduce energy consumption in heterogeneous synthesis reactors and related reactors The system to reduce the energy consumption of heterogeneous synthesis reactors, particularly of ammonia reactors, f.i. the "Chemico"-type reactor, foresees the insertion of two cylindrical walls at least partially perforated in order to annularly delimit... | 08/07/1990 |
| 4935210 | System for reducing energy consumption in multi-unit reactors for heterogeneous synthesis and related reactors A reactor for heterogeneous synthesis with reduced energy consumption. The reactor includes two cylindrical walls that are at least partly perforated and which annularly deliminate the catalytic beds. An outer wall (Fe) has height (Hi) and a diameter (Di)... | 06/19/1990 |
| 4904453 | System for reducing energy consumption improving reactors for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis and relative reactors The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one... | 02/27/1990 |
| 4902484 | Oxygen injector means for secondary reformer An oxygen injector assembly for directing substantially pure oxygen into the path of an effluent or exhaust stream from a primary reformer process for mixing of the oxygen with the effluent, the assembly comprising an oxygen delivery tube for discharging ... | 02/20/1990 |
| 4880603 | Device for achieving a uniform distribution of the gas flowing radially through a catalyst bed The invention relates to a reactor for industrial plants, e.g. for an ammonia synthesis plant, comprising several catalyst beds in series charged by a radial gas flow. The object is to provide for a uniform gas flow through the catalyst bed along its enti... | 11/14/1989 |
| 4867959 | Process for synthesizing ammonia Means are disclosed for lowering the temperature of the gaseous effluent from the first catalyst bed in a continuous ammonia synthesis process in which a syngas mixture containing nitrogen and hydrogen is passed sequentially over two or more catalyst beds... | 09/19/1989 |
| 4849206 | Process to obtain an optimal gas distribution in catalytic beds for heterogeneous reactions in gaseous phase Process for obtaining an optimal synthesis gas distribution in catalytic beds for heterogeneous reactions in reactors comprising a cylindrical pressure vessel with an internal cartridge containing a catalyst.... | 07/18/1989 |
| 4769220 | Converter for heterogeneous synthesis more particularly for ammonia, methanol and higher alcohols A converter for heterogeneous synthesis. The converter contains a variable number of internal cartridges, each having a non-perforated external wall which forms an interspace with a internal shell wall. The converter also has a corresponding variable numb... | 09/06/1988 |
| 4755362 | System for reducing energy consumption improving reactors for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis and relative reactors The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one... | 07/05/1988 |
| 4744966 | Process for synthesizing ammonia Means are disclosed for lowering the temperature of the gaseous effluent from the first catalyst bed in a continuous ammonia synthesis process in which a syngas mixture containing nitrogen and hydrogen is passed sequentially over two or more catalyst beds... | 05/17/1988 |
| 4696799 | Ammonia synthesis converter A horizontal, cold wall, multi-bed ammonia converter having two, shell and tube interchangers for cooling reaction gas streams leaving respectively the first and second catalyst beds with incoming reactant gases wherein each of the interchangers is vertic... | 09/29/1987 |
| 4687656 | Longitudinal reactor for chemical syntheses in gas phase and heterogeneous catalysts Process and apparatus for carrying out reactions in gas phase, wherein the gas is passed through a cylindrical catalytic reactor so designed that the catalyst bed is divided into several portions arranged in distinct vertical parallelepipedic compartments... | 08/18/1987 |
| 4666680 | Autothermal production of synthesis gas A process and apparatus for the auto-thermal production of hydrogen rich synthesis gas wherein a mixture of steam and a hydrocarbon feed gas is reacted by passing through a catalyst counter-currently to the flow of the combustion reaction effluent of the ... | 05/19/1987 |
