...that after Walter Hunt patented the safety pin in 1849, he sold the rights to it for $400?
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7369221 | Portable refractometer A portable refractometer is provided that includes a lens barrel having a lens barrel axis. A prism is secured to one end of the lens barrel, the prism having an entry face that provides a boundary surface between the prism and a substance to be measured. A tube sha... | 05/06/2008 |
| 7349092 | System for reducing stress induced effects during determination of fluid optical constants A system for determination of optical constants of liquids, including provision for reducing stress induced effects while obtaining data. ... | 03/25/2008 |
| 7327445 | Enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensor using Goos-Hänchen effect An improved surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor is provided based on direct measurement of the Goos-Hänchen effect. Sensor sensitivity is enhanced by selecting the thickness of the metallic layer of the SPR sensor to be close to a critical thickness dcr | 02/05/2008 |
| 7317519 | Swept-angle SPR measurement system A swept-angle SPR measurement system deflects an optical beam over a range of deflection angles according to a control signal and maps the deflected beam to a target within a range of incidence angles that corresponds to the range of deflection angles. ... | 01/08/2008 |
| 7297961 | Fluorescence microscope and observation method using the same The present invention relates, in general, to a fluorescence microscope and method of observing samples using the microscope and, more particularly, to a fluorescence microscope and method of observing samples using the microscope, which can reduce optical noise and... | 11/20/2007 |
| 7295293 | Apparatus and method for testing a reflector coating A method of testing a coating on a reflector having a first focal point includes placing a mirror at the first focal point of the reflector and angled to orient with an area on the coating. Electromagnetic (EM) radiation is directed to the mirror which then directs ... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7295295 | Paste solids measurement in real time A real-time method of determining paste solids includes: correlating the refractive index of a paste with solute concentration in a solvent using a plurality of paste solids concentrations, typically including at least two paste solids concentrations greater than ab... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7280194 | Accurate determination of refractive indices of solid, fluid and liquid materials Systems and methodology for determining not only precise and repeatable results, but accurate values of the refractive index of solids, fluids and liquids. ... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7271885 | Plasmon resonance measuring method and apparatus Detection apparatus for performing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements on a sample includes a support having side walls and a bottom wall defining a plurality of adjacent wells. The bottom wall has integrated therein SPR detectors underlying the wells for d... | 09/18/2007 |
| 7262867 | Device to determine the thickness of a conductive layer The device comprises at least a measuring head (7) with a transmitter (7A) and a receiver (7B). The head comprises means to measure the thickness through surface resistivity and optical means to measure said thickness by measuring the transparen... | 08/28/2007 |
| 7242521 | Dual-axis confocal microscope having improved performance for thick samples An optical head for confocal microscopy that is especially advantageous for measurements on thick samples is provided. An interface between the optical head and the sample is index matched, to avoid beam aberration at this interface. The optical head includes a wind... | 07/10/2007 |
| 7233391 | Optical device integrated with well Methods and systems are disclosed that include an optical device for providing information about one or more samples. The system includes well(s) for holding the sample(s), and in one embodiment, the optical device(s) have non-parallel sidewalls optically contacting... | 06/19/2007 |
| 7227623 | Method and apparatus for standardization of a measuring instrument A method, a portable device and a measuring instrument for standardization of a satellite measuring instrument to a corresponding master measuring instrument are disclosed. The portable device includes a device for containing a reference material, and an information... | 06/05/2007 |
| 7212654 | Measurement of fruit particles Apparatus and methods to characterize and measure fruit pieces in food products are provided. A sample is spread on a viewing cell and illuminated. The image is captured by a camera and fed to a computer with imaging software. Information useful for quality control ... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7209237 | Optical system for analyzing multi-channel samples and multi-channel sample analyzer employing the same Provided are an optical system for analyzing multi-channel samples which uses a mirror rotating at high speeds and an aspherical mirror, and a multi-channel sample analyzer employing the optical system. The optical system for analyzing multi-channel samples, include... | 04/24/2007 |
| 7199871 | Refractometer and method for measuring refractive index The invention relates to a refractometer and to a refractive index measuring method. The invention directs an incident light ray onto an interface of a medium of known refractive index and of the medium studied, then measuring the intensity of the reflected light ra... | 04/03/2007 |
| 7175923 | Optical instrument An optical instrument which has an optical system that includes an ocular lens and a reticle located in the optical system, wherein a phosphorescence pigment is applied to a surface of the reticle facing toward the ocular lens, and light irradiated from outside thro... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7064816 | Refractometer The invention relates to a portable refractometer comprising a depression (7) for samples, located on an insertion tip (11) in such a way that once the insertion tip (11) has penetrated a liquid or a fruit, a sufficient quantity of the sample li... | 06/20/2006 |
| 7061597 | Endoscope reprocessing and sterilization system A system for reprocessing and sterilizing a previously used endoscope having at least one lumen is disclosed. The reprocessing system includes a reaction chamber into which individual chemical components of a sterilant are transferred by pneumatic force. The system ... | 06/13/2006 |
| 7030976 | Compact precision measuring head, which is resistant to high-pressure, for measuring the optical refractive index in liquids A high-pressure resistant compact precision measurement head for highly exact optical refractive index measurements in liquids and/or gases comprising a refractive index reference body, mounted on a high-pressure bulkhead fitting. The body is composed of a single, o... | 04/18/2006 |
| 7006228 | Methods for quantifying the oxidation state of glass The present invention provides methods for measuring Fe (II) and Fe (III) levels in a glass composition, for using those measured levels for determining a relative oxidation state of the glass material, and for further making a determination based on those measureme... | 02/28/2006 |
| 6934024 | Ellipsometry methods and apparatus using solid immersion tunneling A solid immersion tunneling ellipsometer and methods relating thereto may include a solid immersion apparatus (e.g., a prism or an objective lens in combination with a solid immersion lens) that facilitates optical tunneling and provide information that can be used ... | 08/23/2005 |
| 6931340 | Self-calibrating, multi-camera machine vision measuring system An apparatus and method for calibrating machine vision measuring systems that have more than one camera are disclosed. A first calibration target is mounted in a fixed relationship to a first camera of the machine vision measuring system. A third camera mounted in a... | 08/16/2005 |
| 6876444 | Refractometer A refractometer with a measuring prism on whose measuring surface a sample to be tested can be mounted, which sample can be illuminated by a light beam emitted by a source of light under a range of angles that includes a critical angle for total reflection, and with... | 04/05/2005 |
| 6858274 | Synthetic corundum cell Ground joint surfaces of two synthetic corundum pieces 4, 5 are superposed on each other, and ends thereof are held in intimate contact with each other. The synthetic corundum pieces are then heated at a temperature equal to or lower than the melting point of... | 02/22/2005 |
| 6813014 | Method for designing and tuning and system for measuring a refractive index of a magnetic fluid A method for designing and tuning a refractive index of a magnetic fluid is performed by adjusting some characteristic parameters. The characteristic parameters include the type of carrier, the type of magnetic particles, the concentration of the magnetic ingredient... | 11/02/2004 |
| 6760098 | Refractometer The invention relates to a refractometer comprising an optical module (4) arranged floatingly inside a housing structure, which module comprises an optical window (2) to be positioned in a process fluid (3), and means for forming an illuminating... | 07/06/2004 |
| 6734956 | Optical configuration and method for differential refractive index measurements An optical configuration for measuring a difference in refractive index between a first sample and a second sample comprises partitioned first and second optical interfaces symmetrically illuminated by an illumination beam to provide first and second partial beams d... | 05/11/2004 |
| 6525808 | Method and system for local index measurement in optical materials A method and system for determining a spatially local index of refraction in optical materials is provided. Light, including a near-field intensity, is collected above a surface of the material. A probe is oscillated at a plurality of frequencies and in a... | 02/25/2003 |
| 6486944 | Fluid-sealed refractometer having data transmission means A hand-held automatic refractometer comprises a completely fluid-sealed housing enclosing a wireless transmitter for transmitting digital measurement data to a remote computer having a corresponding receiver connected thereto. The refractometer housing pr... | 11/26/2002 |
| 6317201 | Method for the determination of refractive indices and optical instrument therefor The present invention relates to a method for the determination of refractive indices, ranging over a wide range of values. It also relates to a method for the determination of the birefringence of liquid crystals. Further, it relates to optical instrumen... | 11/13/2001 |
| 6195160 | Illuminating means for refractometer An illuminator for use in a refractometer having a body housing, a sample cover assembly, a prism assembly and measuring assembly for measuring the composition and density of a substance. The illuminator includes a light source, a power source for operati... | 02/27/2001 |
| 6172746 | Transmitted light refractometer A transmitted light refractometer comprises an optical system having a movable mirror for redirecting light transmitted through a light-refracting sample to a beam splitter for dividing the light between first and second detection paths. The first detecti... | 01/09/2001 |
| 6067151 | Refractometer A refractometer, comprising a light source arranged in a frame structure, an optical window to be positioned in a process solution, means for directing a beam of rays from the light source to an interface between the optical window and the process solutio... | 05/23/2000 |
| 6034762 | Brake check handheld refractometer A refractometric apparatus and method for monitoring the percentage of water in hydraulic fluids employ a temperature sensitive device allowing a user to obtain accurate and correct readings of various measured properties. In particular, the temperature s... | 03/07/2000 |
| 5973774 | Portable instrument to determine concentration of AFFF in fresh and sea water solutions A compact portable instrument for determining the percentage concentration of a material in a solution such as the amount of concentrate in an output from an Aqueous Film Forming Foam generator used to extinguish fires. The instrument comprises a refracti... | 10/26/1999 |
| 5969808 | Brake check handheld refractometer A refractometric apparatus and method for monitoring the percentage of water in hydraulic fluids employ a temperature sensitive device allowing a user to obtain accurate and correct readings of various measured properties on the reticle of the apparatus. ... | 10/19/1999 |
| 5956132 | Method and apparatus for optically discriminating between the phases of a three-phase fluid To discriminate optically between the various phases in a three-phase fluid, a light beam (F) of non-zero divergence is injected into a detector block (10) made of a material whose refractive index is greater than the refractive indices of all three phase... | 09/21/1999 |
| 5953115 | Method and apparatus for imaging surface topography of a wafer A method for imaging surface topography is based on Total Internal Reflection (TIR) and is particularly useful for imaging surface topography of wafers used in the manufacture of integrated circuits. This surface topography includes scratches, which are m... | 09/14/1999 |
| 5949219 | Optical state-of-charge monitor for batteries A method and apparatus for determining the instantaneous state-of-charge of a battery in which change in composition with discharge manifests itself as a change in optical absorption. In a lead-acid battery, the sensor comprises a fiber optic system with ... | 09/07/1999 |