William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7924018 | MEMS electrometer that measures amount of repulsion of adjacent beams from each other for static field detection An apparatus for detecting a static field includes a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device having two cantilevered beams of conductive material that are adjacent and substantially parallel to each other. The two beams repel each other in the presence of a sta... | 04/12/2011 |
| 7741851 | Potential measuring apparatus A potential measuring apparatus has a detection electrode on which an electric charge is induced according to a potential of a detection object, and a modulator for altering the generated quantity of the electric charge. The detection electrode has at least one depr... | 06/22/2010 |
| 7639020 | Potential sensor and image forming apparatus having potential sensor A potential sensor is provided in which the adhesion of toner particles to the potential sensor is reduced or prevented from occurring, reducing or preventing the occurrence of a situation that accurate detection cannot be performed. The potential sensor has a movab... | 12/29/2009 |
| 7598746 | Surface voltmeter and surface voltage measurement method A surface voltmeter has a stage having a conductive surface, a vibrating electrode, a vibration part, and an elevation mechanism. While vibrating the vibrating electrode, displacement current from the conductive surface is acquired. A control part controls electrode... | 10/06/2009 |
| 7583086 | Potential sensor A potential sensor including first and second detection electrodes opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-measured object with gaps thereto. The movable shut... | 09/01/2009 |
| 7579843 | Methods and apparatus for analyzing partial discharge in electrical machinery Methods and apparatus for analyzing electrical insulation of an electrical machine are provided. The method includes receiving a first signal that includes a plurality of partial discharge pulses from the electrical machine and a plurality of noise pulses, receiving... | 08/25/2009 |
| 7576546 | Electric potential measuring device and image forming apparatus An electric potential measuring device comprises a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure comprised of a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another die... | 08/18/2009 |
| 7554331 | Electric potential measuring device and image forming apparatus An electric potential measuring device has a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure including a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric o... | 06/30/2009 |
| 7548066 | Potential measuring device and image forming apparatus using the same A potential measuring device for measuring a potential of a measurement object, includes a detection electrode that faces the measurement object, a reference electrode disposed in a vicinity of the detection electrode that is electrostatically shielded by an electro... | 06/16/2009 |
| 7443325 | Sigma-delta modulator An integrator circuit (110) is provided including an amplifier element (170) configured to receive an input signal at an input node, amplify the input signal, and provide an amplified input signal at an output node; a feedback capacitor element (175... | 10/28/2008 |
| 7439746 | Electrostatic voltmeter An electrostatic voltmeter has an input sensing terminal, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, a first reference voltage terminal electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the second operational amplifier, a low reference voltage... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7423435 | Method and apparatus for measuring grammage A grammage measuring apparatus including a dielectric resonator which is arranged only at one side surface of a sample; a shielding container with which the dielectric resonator is substantially covered except for a sample measuring surface; a microwave excitation d... | 09/09/2008 |
| 7382137 | Potential measuring apparatus A potential measuring apparatus has a detection electrode on which an electric charge is induced according to a potential of a detection object, and a modulator for altering the generated quantity of the electric charge. The detection electrode has at least one depr... | 06/03/2008 |
| 7373133 | Recharging method and apparatus The present invention provides apparatus and an associated method for remotely energizing power storage devices. Energization may preferably be effected through the use of RF energy from a base station, ambient energy or ultra-wide band energy. The remote station pr... | 05/13/2008 |
| 7372278 | Electric potential measuring apparatus electrostatic capacitance measuring apparatus, electric potential measuring method, electrostatic capacitance measuring method, and image forming apparatus An electric potential measuring apparatus includes a detecting electrode, a modulator for changing an electrostatic capacitance between a measurement object and the detecting electrode by mechanical vibration, a charge detector for detecting the amount of charges el... | 05/13/2008 |
| 7358748 | Methods and systems for determining a property of an insulating film A method for determining a property of an insulating film is provided. The method may include obtaining a charge density measurement of the film, a surface voltage potential of the film relative to a bulk voltage potential of the substrate, and a rate of voltage dec... | 04/15/2008 |
| 7319334 | Apparatus and method of inspecting breakdown of conducting wire A breakdown inspection apparatus for a wire includes a power supply applying a voltage to the wire and an electric field sensor detecting an electric field generated around the wire by the applied voltage so as for a user to determine according to variation of the e... | 01/15/2008 |
| 7315174 | Method of measuring flat-band status capacitance of a gate oxide in a MOS transistor device A method of measuring flat-band status capacitance of a gate oxide in a MOS transistor device is disclosed. According to the method of measuring flat-band status capacitance of gate oxide in MOS transistor device, flat-band status capacitance of gate oxide in MOS tr... | 01/01/2008 |
| 7315268 | Integrator current matching An integrator circuit (110) is provided including an amplifier element (170) configured to receive an input signal at an input node, amplify the input signal, and provide an amplified input signal at an output node; a feedback capacitor element (175... | 01/01/2008 |
| 7301137 | Cantilever light detectors having a mechanical cantilever to mechanically respond to illuminated light An apparatus includes a chamber, an electro-mechanical driver, a window, and a mechanical cantilever. The chamber has an interior in which the mechanical cantilever is located. The mechanical cantilever has a first end that is attached to the electro-mechanical driv... | 11/27/2007 |
| 7293473 | Method and apparatus for sampling biological particles in an air flow A method and apparatus for sampling potential biohazard particles in an air flow tests for biological particles in the air flow; collects a sample of particulate matter from a specific portion of the air flow in response to an indication in the step of sensing of th... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7286912 | Method and apparatus for avoidance of power lines or trip wires by fixed and rotary winged aircraft An E-field sensing system is provided to detect the presence of obstacles, including wires, power lines or trip wires, as well as towers, guy wires, buildings and elevated terrain, in which a variation or tilt of the iso-potential electrostatic field adjacent the ob... | 10/23/2007 |
| 7273377 | Breadboard to stackable plug convertor A housing used to combine a standard electronic prototype system and a modular block system with stackable connectors to achieve a design system that allows for safe assembly of circuits of a more complex nature than can be achieved by either system alone. ... | 09/25/2007 |
| 7274193 | Micromechanical potential sensor A potential sensor (101) including first and second detection electrodes (121 a, b) opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter (125) so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-... | 09/25/2007 |
| RE39803 | Non vibrating capacitance probe for wear monitoring A non-vibrating capacitance probe for use as a non-contact sensor for tribological wear on a component. The device detects surface charge through temporal variation in the work function of a material. A reference electrode senses changing contact potential differenc... | 09/04/2007 |
| 7265554 | Electric potential measuring device and image forming apparatus An electric potential measuring device includes a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure includes a first solid material portion of another dielectric and a second solid material portion of another di... | 09/04/2007 |
| 7256572 | Electric-field meter having current compensation An electric-field meter provided with a housing, an electrode assembly, a shield assembly, a movement assembly, a position detection assembly, a charge measurement circuit, and a leakage current compensation circuit. The electric-field meter can be characterized as ... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7256575 | Wide bandwidth attenuator input circuit for a measurement probe A wide bandwidth attenuator input circuit for a measurement probe has a Z0 attenuator circuit coupled in series with a compensated RC attenuator circuit. The series attenuator elements of the Z0 and the compensated RC attenuator circuits are co... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7245057 | Micro-electromechanical structure resonator frequency adjustment using radiant energy trimming and laser/focused ion beam assisted deposition The invention relates to a microbeam oscillator. Tuning of the oscillator is carried out by addition or subtraction of material to an oscillator member in order to change the mass of the oscillator member. ... | 07/17/2007 |
| 7242882 | Electric potential measuring device using oscillating device, image forming apparatus, and electric potential measuring method To provide an electric potential measuring device which is useful in realizing size reduction, high sensitivity, and high reliability. The electric potential measuring device includes: an oscillating device which includes torsion springs, and an oscillating body axi... | 07/10/2007 |
| 7230431 | Integrating electrometer amplifying circuit An aerosol particle spectrometer utilizes a high voltage central electrode and a series of annular, axially arranged collector electrodes maintained at ground, for collecting positively charged particles suspended in an aerosol flowing between the electrodes. Each c... | 06/12/2007 |
| 7212007 | Electric potential sensor, and image forming apparatus Disclosed in a non-contacting electric potential sensor capable of being readily reduced in its size, which includes a detecting electrode, an electrically-conductive movable shutter, and a driving unit for driving the electrically-conductive movable shutter. The de... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7196524 | Sensor plug-in head, particularly for a potentiometric sensor and potentiometric sensor comprising a sensor plug-in head For simplified supply of potentiometric sensors with a reference electrolyte, a sensor plug head for connecting to a cable connection piece of a potentiometric sensor is provided. The sensor plug head including, besides the usual electric connections, a supply conne... | 03/27/2007 |
| 7190175 | Orthogonal microwave imaging probe A microwave imaging microscope and associated probe, or a read head. The probe or the read head includes a sensor unit with three fixed electrodes, preferably a stimulating electrode surrounding a sensing electrode and isolated by a grounded electrode. Circuitry cou... | 03/13/2007 |
| 7183772 | Ion detector A charge detector includes an outer housing having an entrance aperture. Within the housing is disposed a charge capture element that is electrically isolated from the outer housing. The charge capture element includes a plurality of apertures, such as provided by a... | 02/27/2007 |
| 7181169 | Controlling apparatus and method of mobile communication terminal using electrostatic detection A controlling apparatus of a mobile communication terminal using electrostatic detection includes an electrostatic detector for sensing an instantaneous voltage generated at higher than a reference level and applying it to a controller in order to recognize occurren... | 02/20/2007 |
| 7166241 | Water-soluble electrically conducting polymers, their synthesis and use Disclosed is a novel composition of matter comprising a polyacid and a polymer containing repeating units which contain one or more basic atoms. The complex is water-soluble and electrically conductive. The complex is useful in providing organic discharge layers for... | 01/23/2007 |
| 7161486 | Electrostatic sensors A sensor 10 comprises an array of electrostatic sensor elements 12, each centred at a respective sensing position 14. Each element produces a respective output signal at 16. The outputs 16 can be used to drive respective pixels of ... | 01/09/2007 |
| 7155964 | Method and apparatus for measuring electrical properties in torsional resonance mode The preferred embodiments are directed to a method and apparatus of operating a scanning probe microscope (SPM) including oscillating a probe of the SPM at a torsional resonance of the probe, and generally simultaneously measuring an electrical property, e.g., a cur... | 01/02/2007 |
| 7149442 | Electric potential sensor An electric potential sensor includes a detecting electrode, a capacitor modulating unit for modulating a coupling capacitance between the detecting electrode and a measurement object by using an electrostatic force, and a shielding unit for electrically shielding t... | 12/12/2006 |