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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8080999 | Sensor cable for electromagnetic surveying A sensor cable for surveying. The sensor cable has a housing, which includes one of more electrodes and a conductive gel surrounding the one or more electrodes. The conductive gel is configured to conduct electrical current to the one or more electrodes and keep the... | 12/20/2011 |
| 8022707 | Methods and apparatus for determining a presence of a non-conductive coating on electrodes in downhole fluid resistivity measurement devices Methods and apparatus for determining a presence of a non-conductive coating on electrodes in fluid resistivity measurement devices are described. An example method of determining a presence of a non-conductive coating on electrodes of a fluid resistivity measuremen... | 09/20/2011 |
| 7986145 | Logging tool sonde sleeve A logging tool for use in a wellbore having a sensor portion for making measurements. The tool has a sleeve enclosing the sensor portion and made of a material that is transparent to the measurements being made. One or more structural elements having physical charac... | 07/26/2011 |
| 7759942 | Lightweight, low cost structure for formation conductivity measuring instrument A well logging instruments includes an electrically conductive sonde mandrel. At least one electrical sensor is affixed to an exterior of the mandrel. The sensor is configured to be attached to the mandrel by sliding along an exterior surface thereof. A pressure-sea... | 07/20/2010 |
| 7737698 | Low noise, towed electromagnetic system for subsurface exploration A detector for a marine electromagnetic survey system includes a housing arranged to minimize turbulence when the housing is towed through a body of water, and to minimize motion of the housing in any direction other than the tow direction. The housing includes at l... | 06/15/2010 |
| 7671597 | Composite encased tool for subsurface measurements A composite encased tool for making subsurface measurements in a borehole traversing a subsurface formation includes a conductive mandrel, a first composite layer wrapped around the conductive mandrel, the first composite layer having one or more slots, a source or ... | 03/02/2010 |
| 7649357 | Side entry leak protection for downhole tools A connector for a downhole tool includes a body with one or more conductors positioned at least partially axially adjacent to an axial bore that extends at least partially through the body. In embodiments, one or more seals surrounding the body prevent fluid from fl... | 01/19/2010 |
| 7633296 | Receivers and methods for electromagnetic measurements A receiver for electromagnetic measurements includes a polyhedron structure having m faces, where m≧4 and m≠6: n electrodes each disposed on one face of the polyhedron structure, wherein 3≦n≦m; and at least one circuitry connected to the n electrodes for sig... | 12/15/2009 |
| 7602191 | Cable-type electromagnetic receiver system for subsurface exploration A marine electromagnetic survey cable includes a reference electrode extending substantially along the entire length of the cable. A plurality of spaced apart measuring electrodes is disposed along the cable and each is electrically insulated from the reference elec... | 10/13/2009 |
| 7586310 | While-drilling apparatus for measuring streaming potentials and determining earth formation characteristics and other useful information Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming poten... | 09/08/2009 |
| 7557582 | Logging while drilling tool for obtaining azimuthally sensitive formation resistivity measurements An apparatus for making azimuthally sensitive resistivity measurements of a subterranean formation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a magnetically permeably ring deployed about an electrically conductive tool body. An AC voltage supply is coupled to the tool bod... | 07/07/2009 |
| 7436184 | Well logging apparatus for obtaining azimuthally sensitive formation resistivity measurements An apparatus for making azimuthally sensitive resistivity measurements of a subterranean formation is disclosed. The apparatus includes a magnetically permeably ring deployed about an electrically conductive tool body. An AC voltage supply is coupled to the tool bod... | 10/14/2008 |
| 7397250 | High resolution resistivity earth imager Phase-sensitive measurements are made by a resistivity imaging tool in a borehole having non-conductive mud in a conductive earth formation at a plurality of frequencies. From the phase sensitive measurements, the formation resistivity can be determined with higher ... | 07/08/2008 |
| 7394258 | High resolution resistivity earth imager Impedance measurements made by a galvanic resistivity tool in a borehole in an earth formation are corrected by a factor that depends on the mud conductivity and the mud dielectric constant. Standoff measurements are not necessary. ... | 07/01/2008 |
| 7388380 | While-drilling apparatus for measuring streaming potentials and determining earth formation characteristics and other useful information Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming poten... | 06/17/2008 |
| 7388381 | High resolution geoelectrical probe A in situ probe for the measurement of the geoelectrical properties of a geological formation. The probe serves as the interface between a standard acquisition system and the earth. The probe is customizable in its length and the type of electrodes used to make cont... | 06/17/2008 |
| 7385401 | High resolution resistivity earth imager Measurements made by a resistivity imaging tool in a borehole having non-conductive mud in a conductive earth formation are corrected using the tool standoff. The correction involves removing a calibration signal determined in a medium of high conductivity from the ... | 06/10/2008 |
| 7327146 | Probe for measuring the electromagnetic properties of a down-hole material A probe 1 for measuring the electromagnetic properties of a down-hole material MC, GF, DM of a well-bore WB comprises a metallic pad 2 in contact with the down-hole material. The pad 2 further comprises an open-ended coaxial wire 4 couple... | 02/05/2008 |
| 7322410 | Controllable production well packer An apparatus and method for operating an electrically powered device in a packer using the piping structure of the well as an electrical conductor for providing power and/or communications. The electrically powered device may comprise an electrically controllable va... | 01/29/2008 |
| 7319332 | Method for determining of the formation factor for a subterranean deposit from measurements on drilling waste removed therefrom Method and device for determining the formation factor of underground zones from drill cuttings. The device comprises a cell (1) associated with a device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the cell with the content thereof. The cell containing the d... | 01/15/2008 |
| 7301345 | While-drilling methodology for estimating formation pressure based upon streaming potential measurements Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming poten... | 11/27/2007 |
| 7298147 | Device and process for determination of the resistivity of a formation surrounding a cased borehole Body (22) for measuring the resistivity of a formation (9) surrounding a well (10) equipped with a lining (11), comprising: a body (23) of a probe (22), a set of three primary voltage measurement electrodes (ea, eb, ec), an ... | 11/20/2007 |
| 7287609 | Drilling a borehole A method of drilling a borehole into a subsurface earth formation, using a tubular drill string which includes at its lower end a bottom hole assembly comprising a drill bit, a drill steering system, and a surveying system. The drill string includes a selectively cl... | 10/30/2007 |
| 7285218 | Method for the extra-corporeal qualitative and/or quantitative recording of neurotoxic substances in the blood plasma of an individual The invention relates to a method for the extra-corporeal qualitative and/or quantitative recording of neuro-toxic substances in the blood plasma of an individual. According to said method, a system containing neurones or neuronal networks, which have been cultivate... | 10/23/2007 |
| 7276910 | Compact self-tuned electrical resonator for buried object locator applications A self-tuning resonator for use in a transmitter apparatus for inducing alternating currents in a buried conductor. The resonator is dynamically tuned at frequencies below 500 kHz by exploiting the inherent voltage-variability of net capacitance in multilayer cerami... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7259688 | Wireless reservoir production control A reservoir production control system includes a plurality of wells for producing a reservoir linked to a central computer over a downhole communication network and a surface communication network. Both the downhole and the surface communication networks are wireles... | 08/21/2007 |
| 7256582 | Method and apparatus for improved current focusing in galvanic resistivity measurement tools for wireline and measurement-while-drilling applications A galvanic resistivity tool with one or more measurement electrodes and guard electrodes, and one or more shielding electrodes. The potential difference between the measurement electrodes and the guard electrodes is controlled to minimize current flow between the me... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7239145 | Subsurface electromagnetic measurements using cross-magnetic dipoles Sensor assemblies including transmitter and receiver antennas to respectively transmit or receive electromagnetic energy. The sensor assemblies are disposed in downhole tools adapted for subsurface disposal. The receiver is disposed at a distance less than six inche... | 07/03/2007 |
| 7239154 | Soil penetrating electrode with conical taper This disclosure describes a Soil Penetrating Electrode with Conical Taper for use with instrumentation for measurement of the electrical properties of soil in situ. The Electrode shape and configuration solves problems of stable and reliable contact with the soil, r... | 07/03/2007 |
| 7233150 | While-drilling apparatus for measuring streaming potentials and determining earth formation characteristics Earth formations are characterized by using an array of electrodes which can measure streaming potentials in the formation, and by interpreting the data obtained by the electrodes. The electrodes are placed on a wireline tool, a LWD tool, or in a fixed manner about ... | 06/19/2007 |
| 7170424 | Oil well casting electrical power pick-off points A power supply apparatus is provided for supplying power and communications within a first piping structure. An external power transfer device is positioned around the first piping structure and is magnetically coupled to an internal power transfer device. The inter... | 01/30/2007 |
| 7150188 | Non-invasive measurement of fluid-pressure diffusivity using electro-osmosis An apparatus for determining fluid-pressure diffusivity in a borehole (12) in a formation (10) includes an electrode (16) and a strain measuring device (18),(20) (or a particle velocity measuring device (18),(20) or a... | 12/19/2006 |
| 7151377 | Permanent apparatus for monitoring a well by injecting current through the casing into the formations Apparatus for monitoring an underground formation through which a borehole passes, comprises a conductive casing (6) located in the borehole (1) passing through the formation (4); a plurality of sensors (12-1) for measuring an elec... | 12/19/2006 |
| 7147059 | Use of downhole high pressure gas in a gas-lift well and associated methods A gas-lift petroleum well and method for producing petroleum products using downhole pressurized gas to provide lift. The gas-lift well having a well casing, a production tubing, a packer, and a gas-lift valve. The well casing extends within a wellbore of the well, ... | 12/12/2006 |
| 7145456 | Efficient electronics for a walk-through metal detector A metal detection circuit that includes a power source and a connection to ground. At least one transmitter circuit is electrically coupled to the power source and ground and a transmit coil is electrically coiled to the transmitter circuit. At least one receiver co... | 12/05/2006 |
| 7132831 | Electrode configuration for resistivity sounding Device for resistivity soundings on water covered subsurfaces including a Fixed Current Asymmetric Schlumberger electrode configuration with a first and second current electrode and a number of voltage electrodes that are positioned on one line between the current e... | 11/07/2006 |
| 7114561 | Wireless communication using well casing A petroleum well having a borehole extending into a formation is provided. A piping structure is positioned within the borehole, and an induction choke is positioned around the piping structure downhole. A communication system is provided along the piping structure ... | 10/03/2006 |
| 7109719 | Method and apparatus for azimuthal resistivity measurements in a borehole An azimuthal resistivity logging tool includes one or more pads for making azimuthal resistivity measurements of earth formation. Current from the pads, guard electrodes and a measure electrode are measured while monitoring the voltage difference between pairs of mo... | 09/19/2006 |
| 7109716 | Soil and time modeling for improved electromagnetic locators for underground utilities A method for locating an object buried in soil in which at least one electromagnetic signal is imparted onto the buried object, thereby generating an electromagnetic field around the buried object. The electromagnetic field as well as at least one electromagnetic pr... | 09/19/2006 |
| 7109718 | Underground exploration apparatus A current to be applied to a ground is defined as the sum of two sinusoidal waves having first and second frequency components. A signal to be used at the time of synchronous detection is defined as a difference between the sinusoidal waves having the first and seco... | 09/19/2006 |
