William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 6972108 | Device for metallizing uranium oxide and recovering uranium Disclosed is a device for metallizing uranium oxide and recovering uranium, which reacts uranium oxide with a lithium metal to product uranium metal powder, and filters the resulting product using a porous filter to separate the uranium metal powder from lithium chl... | 12/06/2005 |
| 6932852 | Method and apparatus for enhanced purification of high-purity metals A 99.99% pure indium feed is charged into a crucible and heated to 1250 ° C. by an upper heater in a vacuum atmosphere at 1×10−4 Torr, whereupon indium evaporates, condenses on the inner surfaces of an inner tube and drips to be recovered into a liqui... | 08/23/2005 |
| 6805833 | Apparatus for enhanced purification of high-purity metals A 99.99% pure indium feed is charged into crucible 8 and heated to 1250° C. by upper heater 6 in a vacuum atmosphere at 1×10−4 Torr, whereupon indium evaporates, condenses on the inner surfaces of inner tube 3 and drips to be reco... | 10/19/2004 |
| 6168752 | Process for producing metal powders and apparatus for producing the same A process for producing metallic powders a chlorination step for continuously producing chloride gas of metal by reacting metal with chlorine gas, and a reduction step for continuously reducing the metallic chloride gas by reacting the metallic chloride g... | 01/02/2001 |
| 5997801 | Metal chip reclamation system An apparatus and method for reclaiming metal chips formed while machining metal castings to their finished shape. The apparatus includes a stationary charging tube extending in a generally perpendicular direction from the charge well of a reverbratory fur... | 12/07/1999 |
| 5980605 | Carbothermal production of alkali metals Production of metallic sodium and potassium by reaction of their hydroxides or carbonates with carbon. The carbon may be produced in situ by pyrolysis of a pyrolyzable carbonaceous material. There are further disclosed a process and installation for perfo... | 11/09/1999 |
| 5958348 | Efficient production of particles by chemical reaction An apparatus efficiently produces of particles from gas phase chemical reactions induced by a radiation beam. The apparatus includes a reaction chamber and an elongated reactant inlet, where the reaction chamber is configured to conform generally to the e... | 09/28/1999 |
| 5725925 | Packing material for refractory A packing material for refractory capable of restraining the deterioration of working environment since there is generated no smoke and foul smell even if used for setting preheated submerged nozzles or long nozzles, allowing easy visual observation of fi... | 03/10/1998 |
| 5705123 | Metal chip reclamation system An apparatus and method for reclaiming metal chips formed while machining metal castings to their finished shape. The apparatus includes a stationary charging tube extending in a generally perpendicular direction from the charge well of a reverbratory fur... | 01/06/1998 |
| 5460642 | Aerosol reduction process for metal halides A method and apparatus for continuously producing metals such as zirconium, hafnium, titanium, niobium, vanadium, silicon and tantalum. The corresponding metal halide is reacted with a metallic reducing agent such as aluminum, calcium, magnesium and sodiu... | 10/24/1995 |
| 5290015 | Method of producing high-melting-point and high-toughness metal and apparatus for the same A method and apparatus for producing a high-melting-point and high-toughness metal, comprising: reducing a high-melting point and high-toughness metal chloride with an activated metal to form a high-melting-point and high-toughness sponge metal in a reduc... | 03/01/1994 |
| 5131634 | Sublimer-reactor system with weighing means A sublimer-reactor system for reducing Group IVB metals with magnesium has a sublimer spaced from a reactor with a gas flow control valve in piping interconnecting them. A load cell weighs the feed in the sublimer and outputs a signal to the control valve... | 07/21/1992 |
| 5035404 | Retort assembly for kroll reductions A retort assembly comprises a retort defining a first chamber for containing zirconium tetrachloride. A crucible having a generally vertical sidewall defines a second chamber for containing magnesium and the reaction products. A vapor passageway extends f... | 07/30/1991 |
| 4893790 | Apparatus for producing metal zirconium by the reduction of zirconium tetrachloride The invention concerns a process for the production of metal Zr by means of molten Mg in a reactor 1 having a hearth plate 3, comprising separating the magnesium chloride formed in the reduction reaction from the metal Zr formed. The process is characteri... | 01/16/1990 |
| 4830665 | Process and unit for preparing alloyed and non-alloyed reactive metals by reduction A process for preparing alloyed or non-alloyed, reactive metals by reaction of halides thereof, in particular chlorides, with a reducing agent at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the metal to be developed, comprises solidifying the dev... | 05/16/1989 |
| 4752331 | Process and apparatus for producing metal zirconium by the reduction of zirconium tetrachloride The invention concerns a process for the production of metal Zr by means of molten Mg in a reactor (1) having a hearth plate (3), comprising separating the magnesium chloride formed in the reduction reaction from the metal Zr formed and the magnesium, the... | 06/21/1988 |
| 4668287 | Process for producing high purity zirconium and hafnium This is a process for producing high quality zirconium or hafnium sponge. It is especially useful for producing the very high purity zirconium which may be used to line the inner surface zirconium of Zircaloy tubing for nuclear fuel rods. The process uses... | 05/26/1987 |
| 4659376 | Fluid bed reduction to produce molybdenum metal Molybdenum trioxide in granular or powder form is reduced to molybdenum metal by stagewise fluid bed reduction wherein molybdenum trioxide is reduced to molybdenum dioxide using ammonia as the fluidizing-reducing gas at 400° C. to 650° C. and molybdenum... | 04/21/1987 |
| 4613366 | Continuous reactive metal reduction using a salt seal This is a method for reducing the chlorides of zirconium, hafnium, or titanium. It utilizes a solidified magnesium (or sodium) chloride matrix in which chunks of the product metal are contained as a seal on the bottom of the reduction vessel. A withdrawal... | 09/23/1986 |
| 4565354 | Apparatus for producing purified refractory metal from a chloride thereof An apparatus and a method for producing purified refractory metal from a chloride thereof, comprising: a conversion/evaporation chamber, defined by a first substantially cylindrical vessel means and a first detachable top thereover, said top comprising th... | 01/21/1986 |
| 4556420 | Process for combination metal reduction and distillation A combination reduction, distillation, reducing metal recovery furnace and process of using the same comprising a pair of vertically displaced vessels in fluid communication wherein the upper vessel contains a perforated inner liner and means to at least ... | 12/03/1985 |
| 4512557 | Apparatus for preparing high-melting-point high-toughness metals An improved apparatus for preparation of high-melting-point high-toughness metals comprising a reaction chamber in which a halide of said metal is reacted with an active metal and the remaining active metal and the produced active metal halide are vaporiz... | 04/23/1985 |
| 4511399 | Control method for large scale batch reduction of zirconium tetrachloride This is a control method for large scale batch reduction of zirconium tetrachloride to zirconium metal. Solid zirconium tetrachloride is fed at least periodically into a sublimer and the sublimer heated to vaporize the zirconium tetrachloride. The vaporiz... | 04/16/1985 |
| 4508322 | Apparatus for preparing high melting point high toughness metals A hermetically closable and evacuable apparatus for preparing high melting point high toughness metals by reduction of a chloride of said metals comprising a heatable reaction chamber and a coolable condensation chamber provided above the reaction chamber... | 04/02/1985 |
| 4447045 | Apparatus for preparing high-melting-point high-toughness metals In an apparatus for preparation of high-melting-point high-toughness metals by reduction of chlorides thereof with an active metal which comprises a heatable and tightly closable reaction chamber, an evacuable and coolable condensation chamber for separat... | 05/08/1984 |
| 4105192 | Process and apparatus for producing zirconium sponge Apparatus and method for producing zirconium by reducing zirconium halides in the presence of a reducing agent and an inert gas. The zirconium halide is mostly reduced while being in the solid state. The apparatus permits successive reduction and vaccum d... | 08/08/1978 |
| 4093194 | Process and reactor for making magnesium metal Magnesium metal is made by injecting sodium metal beneath the surface of a magma of MgCl2 and withdrawing molten magnesium metal from the magma surface.... | 06/06/1978 |
| 4071229 | Vacuum revolving cylindrical furnace This invention relates to a vacuum rotatable tubular furnace for metallothermal reactions comprising an outer housing adapted to be evacuated and having one end thereof a closable filler cap, and a vacuum-tight passage for a shaft on the other end, rotata... | 01/31/1978 |
| 4032328 | Metal reduction process An improved metal reduction process permits the efficient production of metal from reducible metal compounds by means of reducing metal. Broadly, the invention relates to conducting the reaction between a reducible metal compound and a reducing metal in a... | 06/28/1977 |