William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8158056 | Reactor for producing metal nanoparticles and arrangement having the reactor An arrangement producing metal nanoparticles includes a γ-ray irradiator installed in a radioactive shielding room, a reactor that is disposed to oppose the γ-ray irradiator, and a power supply installed outside the radioactive shielding room to supply power to th... | 04/17/2012 |
| 8114339 | Method of and apparatus utilizing carbon cord for evaporation of metals A high temperature evaporator is made using an electrically insulating crucible and a heating element made of woven graphite fibers. The crucible is manufactured out of an electrically insulating block to the required shape, and channels are machined on the walls of... | 02/14/2012 |
| 8062581 | Refractory crucibles capable of managing thermal stress and suitable for melting highly reactive alloys Refractory crucibles capable of managing thermal stress and suitable for melting highly reactive alloys having a facecoat, a backing, and at least one retaining ring applied about at least a portion of the backing of the crucible, the retaining ring comprising a com... | 11/22/2011 |
| 8048365 | Crucibles for melting titanium alloys Crucibles for melting titanium alloys having a facecoat including at least one facecoat layer containing an oxide selected from scandium oxide, yttrium oxide, hafnium oxide, a lanthanide series oxide, and combinations thereof, and a backing including at least one ba... | 11/01/2011 |
| 8007712 | Reinforced refractory crucibles for melting titanium alloys Reinforced crucibles for melting titanium alloys having a facecoat including at least one facecoat layer, a backing including at least one backing layer, and at least one reinforcing element applied to at least a portion of one or more of the facecoat layer, the bac... | 08/30/2011 |
| 7790101 | Articles for use with highly reactive alloys Articles for use with highly reactive alloys that include a graphite crucible having an interior, and at least a first protective layer applied to the interior of the graphite crucible in which the graphite crucible having the first protective layer is used for melt... | 09/07/2010 |
| 7611665 | Ladle bottom The present invention relates to a ladle block for use in a bottom of a molten metal ladle. The ladle block reduces the amount of contaminants, particularly slag, exiting the ladle during casting operations. The ladle block includes a floor defining an outlet and si... | 11/03/2009 |
| 7494616 | Container for evaporation of metal and method to manufacture thereof A refractory container for evaporating metals, having improved useful life and corrosion resistance properties, the evaporation surface of the container having a plurality of grooves formed at the bottom surface. The grooves have either a depth of at least 1.2 mm, a... | 02/24/2009 |
| 7364691 | Metallurgical vessel A metallurgical vessel having a cylindrical upper end section and a top section fitted to the upper end of another section to form a top closure of the vessel about a central opening through which to extend a gas injection lance for injecting gas into the vessel. To... | 04/29/2008 |
| 7302996 | Feed device for feeding molten metal into a crystallizer A drop feeder (1) for feeding molten metal into an ingot mould (15) comprises a distributor (3) having a substantially prismatic shape, with one of the faces open, in which the inside of the distributor comprises three tanks (4, 5, 6), se... | 12/04/2007 |
| 7258832 | Device for treatment of iron alloys in vessel A device for processing iron alloys in a vessel is described. A reaction chamber for receiving at least one alloying material is arranged in the bottom of the vessel and a sprue of refractory material is arranged concentrically above the reaction chamber to form a g... | 08/21/2007 |
| 7246649 | Diecast machine A diecast machine comprises: a sleeve extending in the vertical direction; a plunger moving upward in the vertical direction inside the sleeve; a mold disposed above an upper side of the sleeve; a case member constituted of a nonconductive member, which covers at le... | 07/24/2007 |
| 7216413 | Method of forming a double wall cooking vessel A dual wall cooking vessel is formed by the impact or friction bonding of the an inner to an outer vessel wherein a laminate of aluminum and copper layers is disposed between the outer surface of the bottom of the inner vessel and the inner surface of the bottom of ... | 05/15/2007 |
| 7204954 | Container A container does not need a member such as a stoke and the like that are exposed to the molten metal therein, thus the necessity to replace the parts such as the stoke and the like can be eliminated. In addition, there is no structure like the stoke in the container... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7204955 | Casting ladle A casting ladle has a body (2) with a base (3) and walls (4, 6, 8) made of a laminated composite ceramic material that includes multiple layers of a woven fiber reinforcing fabric embedded in a ceramic matrix. A rigid support element (20)... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7193145 | Inbred maize line PH8KG An inbred maize line, designated PH8KG, the plants and seeds of inbred maize line PH8KG, methods for producing a maize plant, either inbred or hybrid, produced by crossing the inbred maize line PH8KG with another maize plant, and hybrid maize seeds and plants produc... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7194197 | Nozzle-based, vapor-phase, plume delivery structure for use in production of thin-film deposition layer A vapor deposition source including a crucible configured to hold a quantity of molten constituent material and at least one nozzle to pass vapor evaporated from the molten constituent material out of the crucible. ... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7132077 | Method and apparatus for containing and ejecting a thixotropic metal slurry A container system including a vessel for holding a thixotropic semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry during its processing as a billet and an ejection system for cleanly discharging the processed thixotropic semi-solid aluminum billet. The crucible is preferably formed ... | 11/07/2006 |
| 7128247 | Fire resistant ceramic part The invention relates to a fire resistant ceramic part which can be embodied in the form of an impact pot or a casting gutter and has the following characteristics:—a base (10);—at least two walls (12, 14) which extend from opposite sections (10... | 10/31/2006 |
| 7112300 | Ladle bottom The present invention relates to a metallurgical ladle and more particularly to the bottom of the ladle having an outlet through which the molten metal can drain. An object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of a ladle draining operation, includi... | 09/26/2006 |
| 7074361 | Ladle A liner for a ladle is formed of a body of refractory material defining a hollow interior which is bounded by a continuous sidewall. Within the interior is a barrier of refractory material which faces the interior surface of part of the sidewall and is spaced inward... | 07/11/2006 |
| 7056469 | Starter set for brick lining of ladles used in handling molten metal A lining for a ladle used to handle molten metal. The lining is comprised of a first course of like, refractory bricks arranged horizontally in the ladle, the first course having an upper surface. A second course of like refractory bricks is arranged to spiral withi... | 06/06/2006 |
| 6997361 | Metallurgical impact pad A tundish impact pad formed from refractory material comprising a base having an impact surface which, in use, faces upwardly against a stream of molten metal entering a tundish, a wall extending upwardly from the base around at least a part of the periphery of the ... | 02/14/2006 |
| 6984357 | Apparatus and method for holding molten metal in continuous hot dip coating of metal strip A molten metal holding apparatus for the continuous hot dip coating of a metal strip includes a vessel that is substantially rectangular in cross section having long sides and short sides and has formed a slot-shaped opening in a bottom surface, the vessel containin... | 01/10/2006 |
| 6929775 | Tundish impact pad An impact pad formed from a refractory material for reducing the turbulence of a molten metal poured therein. The impact pad has a plurality of sidewalls, each sidewall having a plurality of spherically shaped portions. The spherically shaped portions disperse the m... | 08/16/2005 |
| 6869565 | Integrated surface compositions and articles made therefrom The present invention relates to an article having an integrated contact surface, such as a melting vessel, and compositions for forming the article. The composition for forming the articles, such as melting vessels, includes from about 25% to about 99% binder mater... | 03/22/2005 |
| 6830723 | Apparatus for treating molten metal having a sealed treatment zone An apparatus for treating molten metal includes a treatment vessel for holding molten metal and a removable cover or hood for the vessel. Sealing means are provided between the cover and the vessel to provide a gas tight treatment zone. The sealing means include mat... | 12/14/2004 |
| 6796362 | Apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of shaped parts An apparatus for producing a metallic slurry material for use in semi-solid forming of a shaped part. The apparatus is generally comprised of a forming vessel and a thermal jacket. The forming vessel defines an inner volume for containing the metallic slurry materia... | 09/28/2004 |
| 6787098 | Refractory lining for metallurgical vessel A lining for a bottom of a metallurgical vessel, comprising an impact pad having a plurality of close-packed, pre-formed, high-temperature, high-density refractory bricks, the pad having an upper impact surface, and a monolithic slab of a high-temperature refractory... | 09/07/2004 |
| 6776854 | Process and apparatus for the partial thermochemical vacuum treatment of metallic workpieces In the partial thermochemical vacuum treatment of metallic workpieces (1), in particular in the carburization and case hardening of workpieces (1) of case-hardening steel in a carbon-containing atmosphere, surface regions (3, 4, 5, 6) to be trea... | 08/17/2004 |
| 6763877 | Method for the controlled tempering of a casting trough and a casting trough for carrying out the method A method and device for the controlled tempering of a casting trough integrated between a supply vessel for a molten metal (e.g., copper or a copper alloy), and at least one continuous casting mold. The trough walls and the trough floor of the casting trough are at ... | 07/20/2004 |
| 6673306 | Refractory lining for metallurgical vessel A lining for a bottom of a metallurgical vessel, comprising an impact pad having a plurality of close-packed, pre-formed, high-temperature, high-density refractory bricks, the pad having an upper impact surface, and a monolithic slab of a high-temperature... | 01/06/2004 |
| 6613272 | Vessel for metallurgical purposes The invention relates to a vessel for metallurgical purposes intended for transporting molten metals. The tank has a metal jacket provided with a heat-proof lining. Two lifting lugs are disposed on the outer side opposite one another, each of which is sup... | 09/02/2003 |
| 6585800 | Method for making molten metal In a method for making molten metal, reduced metal which is produced in a direct reduction furnace is melted in a melting furnace located in the close vicinity of the direct reduction furnace to produce the molten metal. The method includes the steps of p... | 07/01/2003 |
| 6565798 | Method of relining a vessel A method of relining a vessel that is used to carry out a direct smelting process that produces molten metal under conditions requiring molten bath temperatures of at least 1000° C. is disclosed. The vessel is of the type that has a floor that is refract... | 05/20/2003 |
| 6559082 | Insulating refractory material The invention concerns a crack-free insulating refractory material made from a composition comprising 20-80% by weight of a ceramic matrix, 5-40% by weight of insulating microspheres, 0.5-15% by weight of one more binders, 5-20% by weight of a metal or a ... | 05/06/2003 |
| 6555050 | Dross processing system A dross processing system has a motor mounted to a motor support arm by a motor support carriage, and has a carriage guide which engages the motor support carriage to guide the motor along a vertical path between a raised position and a lowered position. ... | 04/29/2003 |
| 6534196 | Refractory metal coated articles for use in molten metal environments The present invention relates to articles, having an extended useful life, which are used in contact with high temperature molten aluminum or molten zinc baths. One aspect of the invention encompasses articles, such as bearings, bushings, couplings or rol... | 03/18/2003 |
| 6533993 | Variable height liner system A melting liner for an induction melting furnace includes an integral foot portion for locating a lip portion of the melting liner in a convenient position for pouring molten metal.... | 03/18/2003 |
| 6533992 | Tundish A tundish of improved flow characteristics for molten metal has an outlet in its base. The outlet is spaced longitudinally of the tundish from a pour zone. The pour zone is positioned to receive a stream of molten steel from a ladle. An impact pad is prov... | 03/18/2003 |