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...During the Civil War, the Confederacy established its own Patent Office which issued 266 patents, a third of which concerned implements of war.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8143578 | Ferroelectric radiation detector employing frequency modulated readout A detector for electromagnetic radiation such as millimeter wave and infrared employs a ring-shaped ferroelectric element having a temperature affected by an absorber for the radiation. The dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material is a strong function of th... | 03/27/2012 |
| 8026486 | Radiation detector and radiation detection method A radiation detector with high detection sensitivity. The radiation detector according to the present invention includes an Al2O3 substrate, a Fe2O3 thin film layered on the Al2O3 substrate, a Ca... | 09/27/2011 |
| 7687775 | Ferroelectric infrared detector and method An apparatus and method are provided for sensing infrared radiation. The apparatus includes a sensor element that is positioned in a magnetic field during operation to ensure a λ shaped relationship between specific heat and temperature adjacent the Curie temperatu... | 03/30/2010 |
| 7408158 | Gas sensor apparatus A gas sensor apparatus for detecting the presence of selected or target gases which has a Quantum Ferroelectric Copolymer sensing element, which is bombarded with infrared radiation and in the presence of a target gas provides an electrical output dependent upon the... | 08/05/2008 |
| 7332717 | Infrared sensor and infrared sensor array An infrared sensor includes a series capacitor element and a reference capacitor element each exhibiting a predetermined capacitance value; an infrared-detecting capacitor element whose capacitance value varies depending on an intensity of infrared light incident on... | 02/19/2008 |
| 7326936 | Photodetector and photodetecting device An infrared detector includes a silicon substrate, an infrared reflecting film, a diaphragm including a bolometer thin film, disposed above the silicon substrate across a gap, and a signal line that electrically connects the bolometer thin film and the infrared refl... | 02/05/2008 |
| 7303997 | Regionally thinned microstructures for microbolometers Microbolometers with regionally thinned microbridges are produced by depositing a thin film (0.6 μm) of silicon nitride on a silicon substrate, forming microbridges on the substrate, etching the thin film to define windows in a pixel area, thinning the windows, rel... | 12/04/2007 |
| 7294836 | Thermal electromagnetic radiation detector comprising an absorbent membrane fixed in suspension The absorbent membrane of the detector is fixed in suspension by at least one thermally insulating support part onto a front face of a substrate comprising at least two electric connection terminals electrically connected to the membrane, for example by means of con... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7227145 | Polarization and wavelength-selective patch-coupled infrared photodetector A photodetector for detecting the polarization or wavelength of incident infrared radiation (IR) is described. The polarization sensitive photodetector operates using two sets of patches and corresponding cavities, the first set resonating with IR having a first pol... | 06/05/2007 |
| 7220968 | Radiation detector having all-metal circuitry operation of which is based on electron spin A radiation detector is described which includes first circuitry having at least one operational parameter associated therewith which is operable to change in response to radiation exposure. Second circuitry is operable to detect a change in the at least one operati... | 05/22/2007 |
| 7170059 | Planar thermal array A thermal sensor structure having one level for an infrared detecting pixel including the sensor associated electronics. The electronics displace a small area thereby having little effect on the fill area of the pixel relative to a level having no pixel electronics.... | 01/30/2007 |
| 7141911 | Driving method of piezoelectric actuator, piezoelectric actuator, and disk recording and reproducing apparatus using the same In a disclosed method, a piezoelectric element 1 has an asymmetrical hysteresis characteristic of polarization-electric field different in absolute values between a coercive field of positive electric side and a coercive field of negative electric field side,... | 11/28/2006 |
| 7119334 | Thermal imaging system and method Systems and methods for thermal sensing and imaging using the electro-optic effect. A thermal detection system comprises a temperature sensing element that includes an electro-optic (EO) material layer having a length axis and characterized by a temperature dependen... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7112793 | One-chip compass implemented using magnetoresistive (MR) sensor temperature compensation and magnetic cross-term reduction techniques A measurement technique for normalizing the sensitive-axis output of a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor which greatly reduces both temperature effects and magnetic contributions from the insensitive-axis cross-terms. Specifically, the normalization techniques disclosed ... | 09/26/2006 |
| 7109249 | Composition containing a cross-linkable matrix precursor and a poragen, and porous matrix prepared therefrom A suitable cross-linkable matrix precursor and a poragen can be treated to form a porous cross-linked matrix having a Tg of greater than 300° C. The porous matrix material has a lower dielectric constant than the corresponding non-porous matrix material,... | 09/19/2006 |
| 7064950 | Circuit device comprising multiple polarization-graded ferroelectric elements and method of using A circuit device that make use of graded ferroelectric structures and techniques by which such structures can be excited by external and internal stimuli to render the device useful for a variety of circuit applications. The device comprises at least two ferroelectr... | 06/20/2006 |
| 7057173 | Magnetoresistive (MR) sensor temperature compensation and magnetic cross-term reduction techniques utilizing selective set and reset gain measurements A measurement technique for normalizing the sensitive-axis output of a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor which greatly reduces both temperature effects and magnetic contributions from the insensitive-axis cross-terms. Specifically, the normalization techniques disclosed ... | 06/06/2006 |
| 7038206 | Infrared sensor and imager with differential ferroelectric cells A pyrometer cell comprises a first ferroelectric capacitor, a second ferroelectric capacitor, and a difference circuit for determining the difference between the polarization charge, voltage, or current between the first and second ferroelectric capacitors. The cell... | 05/02/2006 |
| 7026618 | Highly-sensitive, pyroelectric infrared sensing method and apparatus A highly-sensitive, pyroelectric infrared sensing method and apparatus that can detect infrared temperature with high sensitivity throughout the entire electromagnetic wave range including millimeter waves and radioactive rays. The supersensitive infrared sensor is ... | 04/11/2006 |
| 7022991 | Active regulator for maximizing pyroelectric sensitivity A pyroelectric sensor having an active regulation for maximizing pyroelectric sensor sensitivity is disclosed. The pyroelectric sensor comprises a ferroelectric transducer, and a regulator. The ferroelectric transducer may either be a homogenous ferroelectric transd... | 04/04/2006 |
| 7005643 | Infrared sensor An infrared sensor formed as a membrane on a substrate and detecting infrared rays by an infrared detector on that membrane, wherein even if an adhesive used for mounting the infrared sensor on a mounting surface creeps up to the membrane, it is made possible to pre... | 02/28/2006 |
| 6998612 | Sensor having membrane A sensor includes a detector for detecting physical quantity, a membrane, and a stress relaxation area. A stress is expected to concentrate in the stress relaxation area in a case of manufacturing process of the sensor or a case of operating the sensor. The detector... | 02/14/2006 |
| 6958478 | Microbolometer detector with high fill factor and transducers having enhanced thermal isolation In a microbolometer detector the individual transducers in the focal plane array are support by leg members that are attached to the underlying readout integrated circuit (ROIC) chip at locations underneath transducers other than transducer which they support. A var... | 10/25/2005 |
| 6924485 | Infrared ray detector having a vacuum encapsulation structure An infrared ray detector includes an array of pixels each including a micro-bridge structure wherein a diaphragm is supported in spaced relationship with a substrate by a beam structure. Each pixel has a vacuum encapsulation structure supported in a base area wherei... | 08/02/2005 |
| 6919667 | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive film device A piezoelectric/electrostrictive film device is provided, including a piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer and at least a pair of electrodes formed on the piezoelectric/electrostrictive layer. A perovskite piezoelectric/electrostrictive material of the piezoelectric... | 07/19/2005 |
| 6884690 | Thin-film resistor with high temperature coefficient for use as passive semiconductor component for integrated circuits, and method for producing the same The invention relates to a semiconductor component with a WSiN layer as thin-film resistor with high temperature coefficient for use as thermistor in bolometers. The production method comprises thermal decoupling by means of thermistors that are free-standing or dis... | 04/26/2005 |
| 6797957 | Infrared detection element and infrared detector An infrared detection element having a single-crystalline base layer 3 with a thickness of 50 nm to 10 μm having a principal surface, a first electrode layer 4 formed on the principal surface of the single-crystalline base layer 3, a ferroelect... | 09/28/2004 |
| 6720559 | Infrared sensor An infrared sensor is provided, which includes a substrate 12, a diaphragm 14 supported by the substrate, at least one thermocouple 17 provided with a cold junction 20 formed on the substrate and a hot junction 18 formed on the dia... | 04/13/2004 |
| 6716642 | Individually addressable micro-electromagnetic unit array chips in horizontal configurations The present invention provides electromagnetic chips and electromagnetic biochips having arrays of individually addressable micro-electromagnetic units, as well as methods of utilizing these chips for directed manipulation of micro-particles and micro-structures suc... | 04/06/2004 |
| 6674081 | Infrared detecting element, infrared two-dimensional image sensor, and method of manufacturing the same An infrared detecting capacitor formed of a ferroelectric film has its capacitor portion supported by first and second interconnecting lines to be held on an Si substrate located on both sides of a trench. A lower electrode is coupled with the first inter... | 01/06/2004 |
| 6635495 | Infrared detecting element, infrared two-dimensional image sensor, and method of manufacturing the same An infrared detecting capacitor formed of a ferroelectric film has its capacitor portion supported by first and second interconnecting lines to be held on an Si substrate located on both sides of a trench. A lower electrode is coupled with the first inter... | 10/21/2003 |
| 6576904 | Transition edge detector technology for high performance IR focal plane arrays A microbolometer comprising a support substrate having an interrogation surface, a film of a temperature sensitive magnetic material is spaced from the interrogation surface a predetermined distance. An interrogation inductor is formed on the support subs... | 06/10/2003 |
| 6534767 | Temperature sensor and sensing apparatus A sensing apparatus, a bolometer, and a bolometer sensor includes an inductor and capacitor connected as a resonant circuit. At least one of the capacitor or inductor has a temperature-dependent reactance, and the resonant frequency is dependent on the te... | 03/18/2003 |
| 6495828 | Ferroelectric/pyroelectric infrared detector with a colossal magneto-resistive electrode material and rock salt structure as a removable substrate A ferroelectric/pyroelectric infrared detector includes a lattice matched substrate material and a colossal magneto-resistive electrode material. In a second embodiment, the ferroelectric/pyroelectric detector includes a colossal magneto-resistive templat... | 12/17/2002 |
| 6441374 | Thermal type infrared ray detector with thermal separation structure for high sensitivity A thermal type infrared ray detector with a thermal separation structure includes a plurality of picture elements. Each of the plurality of picture elements includes a circuit formed in a substrate for every picture element, and a light receiving section ... | 08/27/2002 |
| 6429428 | Radiation detectors A thermal imaging device comprises an array of microbridges(10) disposed on a silicon readout circuit substrate (12). Each microbridge (10) is supported above the substrate (12) by electrodes (14 and 16) so that a cavity (26) is present between the microb... | 08/06/2002 |
| 6399946 | Pyroelectric film sensors A method for constructing a thin-film infrared photodetector includes providing a thin film including ferroelectric polymer, and applying at least one electrically conductive coating to the polymer so that the coating is nonuniform in surface conductivity... | 06/04/2002 |
| 6388256 | Thermal detector array A thermal detector device comprising an array of thermal detector elements, an array of microbridge structures comprising the array of thermal detector elements, readout silicon integrated circuitry (ROIC) and an interconnect layer on which the array of m... | 05/14/2002 |
| 6388255 | Temperature sensor and sensing apparatus A sensing apparatus, a bolometer, and a bolometer sensor includes an inductor and capacitor connected as a resonant circuit. At least one of the capacitor or inductor has a temperature-dependent reactance, and the resonant frequency is dependent on the te... | 05/14/2002 |
| 6355939 | Multi-band infrared photodetector An infrared detector array includes a plurality of detector pixel structures, each having a plurality of coplanar sections responsive to different bands of infrared radiations. Each section of a pixel structure comprises a plurality of elongate quantum we... | 03/12/2002 |
