William F. Semple, a dentist, was awarded the first US Patent on chewing gum in 1869. His recipe contained powdered chalk.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7419593 | Bioremediation mat and method of manufacture and use Bioremediation geocomposite articles, and their method of manufacture, for treating (digesting) contaminats in soil or water. The bioremediating geocomposite mat includes a woven or non-woven geotexile, having a thickness of about 6 mm to about 200 mm. In the prefer... | 09/02/2008 |
| 7128153 | Treatment of a hydrocarbon containing formation after heating A method for treating a hydrocarbon containing formation is provided. In one embodiment, heat from one or more heaters may be provided to at least a portion of the formation. Heat may be allowed to transfer from the one or more heaters to at least a part of the form... | 10/31/2006 |
| 6648551 | Method for stabilizing and reducing permeability of geologic or waste materials Methods for inducing the precipitation of substantially water insoluble mineral carbonates in pores, spaces and fractures by conveying a carbon-dioxide (ie. CO2) bearing gaseous phase or an oxidised-carbon-bearing aqueous phase into spaces wher... | 11/18/2003 |
| 6644890 | Treatment of oxidable gas generated from waste at a dumping area A method for treating oxidable gas generated from waste at a dumping area and to the structure of the dumping area. The dumping area has an organic waste layer covered with a sealing layer that prevents the absorption of water, with a drying layer and a s... | 11/11/2003 |
| 6258273 | Process for insitu decontamination of ground water and soil A method of and apparatus for decontamination of ground water or soil. The method and apparatus includes placing a structure into subsurface contaminated soil and ground water to enhance subsurface conditions for contaminant removal. Subsurface conditions... | 07/10/2001 |
| 6241426 | Method for forming an interconnected underground structure A method is provided for forming an interconnected underground structure which avoids settling of adjacent soil structure. A plurality of underground support columns is initially formed, with the support columns being spaced apart in a predetermined patte... | 06/05/2001 |
| 6149351 | Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil Methods are disclosed for preparation of chemically-stabilized emulsions of tall oil in water. Temperature and pH are controlled during preparation of the emulsions so as to prevent saponification and neutralization of acids in the tall oil component. The... | 11/21/2000 |
| 6039504 | Process and apparatus for the treatment of waste A waste processing system transports waste by rail to a processing location near a landfill site where it is pulverized and mixed to form a slurry. This slurry is delivered to the landfill with an auger device. The landfill is first prepared by placing a ... | 03/21/2000 |
| 6027284 | Method and apparatus for remediation of contaminated soil A method of treating a selected volume of soil comprising the steps of providing a pipe network including at least one layer of perforated fluid conduits, inserting the layer of perforated fluid conduits below the selected volume of soil, introducing a se... | 02/22/2000 |
| 6024513 | Aerobic landfill bioreactor The present invention includes a method of decomposing municipal solid waste (MSW) within a landfill by converting the landfill to aerobic degradation in the following manner: (1) injecting air via the landfill leachate collection system (2) injecting air... | 02/15/2000 |
| 6004069 | Method for capping mine waste and tailing deposits A method for providing a composite capping cover for maintaining the surface of a sulphide bearing tailing and mine waste containing deposit moist thereby substantially eliminating oxidation of the sulphidic particulate in the deposit and the formation of... | 12/21/1999 |
| 5984580 | Landfill bioreactor Disclosed is a method of producing a landfill and the landfill produced thereby wherein waste to be landfilled is comminuted to yield homogeneously-sized waste particles, mixed with liquid wastes such as waste water treatment sludges and the like, and the... | 11/16/1999 |
| 5961437 | Multi-layer waste containment barrier An apparatus for constructing an underground containment barrier for containing an in-situ portion of earth. The apparatus includes an excavating device for simultaneously (i) excavating earthen material from beside the in-situ portion of earth without re... | 10/05/1999 |
| 5951204 | Process to decontaminate soil A process for removing water-soluble contaminates from soil includes laying a mat over and in contact with the contaminated soil, applying water to the soil, permitting the water to be transferred from the soil to the mat, permitting the contaminants to b... | 09/14/1999 |
| 5916122 | Solidification of aqueous waste This invention involves the solidification of aqueous waste with neutralized cross-linked polyacrylates prior to landfill disposal and to further minimize leachate treatment from landfills through the direct application of a neutralized cross-linked polya... | 06/29/1999 |
| 5910245 | Bioremediation well and method for bioremediation treatment of contaminated water An apparatus for the in situ, sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment of contaminated water is disclosed which includes definition of a treatment flow path for water from a source of contaminated water and division of this flow path into a first region... | 06/08/1999 |
| 5888022 | Method and system for treating bio-degradable waste material through aerobic degradation A system and method are provided for treating biodegradable waste material in a landfill by aerobic degradation. Waste material is deposited in the landfill and covered. The moisture content in the landfill is increased from about 40% to about 70% and a s... | 03/30/1999 |
| 5885026 | System and method for containing leachate using submerged counterflow sink A method and system for collecting and containing leachate from a landfill uses a submerged drainage sink to develop a flow pattern towards the drainage sink contained within a containment zone, and therefore minimizes the chance of contaminating area gro... | 03/23/1999 |
| 5857807 | Municipal solid waste landfill system A municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill system includes a leachate collection system installed in a layer of MSW in a preexisting landfill. The layer of MSW is covered with a layer of waste ash produced by incinerated MSW. The ash is gas impermeable and se... | 01/12/1999 |
| 5846024 | Landfill system and method for constructing a landfill system A landfill system having a waste pit with a base portion. The base portion is covered with a liquid impermeable sheet and there is disposed at least one filtration zone below the base portion. Waste water is prevented from entering the natural substrate a... | 12/08/1998 |
| 5820298 | Seamless landfill sump A seamless landfill sump including a bottom and a plurality of walls defining an open reservoir and including a welding ledge integral to the reservoir opening. The seamless landfill sump may also include side support ribs integral to the sump bottom and ... | 10/13/1998 |
| 5710362 | Landfill liner for capturing certain leachate contaminants in the event of leakage A landfill liner comprising clay and lime for capturing certain leachate contaminants, particularly potentially toxic heavy metals. The lime acts to absorb significantly more of the potentially toxic heavy metals than would a conventional clay landfill li... | 01/20/1998 |
| 5636940 | Apparatus and method for gas and/or liquid exchange between an area outside and an area inside a bulk material pile Gas and/or liquid exchange between a first area within a bulk material pile and a second area outside the bulk material pile is enabled by creating a substantially horizontal cavity during the formation of the bulk material pile, and establishing a condui... | 06/10/1997 |
| 5624205 | Landfill water treatment system A landfill water treatment system including a fluid impermeable containment portion secured within a landfill area. A series of drainage tubes is arranged within the fluid impermeable containment portion. The drainage tubes have a plurality of perforation... | 04/29/1997 |
| 5564862 | Method of improved landfill mining The present invention includes a method of landfill mining which comprises the following steps: (1) converting the landfill to aerobic production by injection of moisture and air, and a raw material such as sewage sludge (if required), and venting of depl... | 10/15/1996 |
| 5531895 | Method and apparatus for installing and removing biologically structured wall systems The environment in a porous area, such as in an aquifer in controlled to promote the growth of indigenous microorganisms as well as introduced microorganisms. Nutrients and other growth-promoting chemicals are added to cause the organisms to grow and prod... | 07/02/1996 |
| 5462655 | Vehicle containment mat with vacuum recovery and recycle means A fluid recapture system collects residual waste fluids generated during airplane washing or de-icing procedures and separates and recycles these fluids to prevent contamination of storm water drainage and sewer systems and ground water supplies. The flui... | 10/31/1995 |
| 5431825 | Method for the reduction and stabilization of metals A method for reducing reducible metals comprising combining one or more reducible metals with an elemental metal, and then with a reducing agent to form a reduced metal. The mixture may then be stabilized and recovered.... | 07/11/1995 |
| 5389166 | Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat A method of manufacturing a water barrier fabric, in flexible or rigid form, and articles manufactured thereby, formed by dispersing a water-absorbent material, in powdered or granular form, among a mass of fibers during the formation of a loose mat of sa... | 02/14/1995 |
| 5385677 | Fiber optic photochemical oxidation decontamination of aqueous leachate plumes The Fiber Optic Photochemical Oxidation Decontamination (FOPOD) method and apparatus is provided for in-situ remediation of aqueous leachate plumes. The apparatus consists of a well-type housing with numerous holes drilled for a distance equal to the vert... | 01/31/1995 |
| 5384048 | Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater An apparatus and method for in situ remediation of contaminated subsurface soil or groundwater contaminated by chlorinated hydrocarbons. A nutrient fluid is selected to stimulate the growth and reproduction of indigenous subsurface microorganisms that are... | 01/24/1995 |
| 5372729 | Method for fixing waste material The invention relates to a method for fixing toxic or nontoxic waste material, in which method the waste material is allowed to absorb into an organic absorbent, the waste material-containing absorbent thus obtained is treated with an occluding agent and ... | 12/13/1994 |
| 5346566 | Water barrier of water-swellable clay or other abrasive material sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric sewn or needled together using a lubricant and/or a liquid adhesive A multi-layer article of manufacture includes an intermediate layer of a water-swellable colloidal clay, such as bentonite, sandwiched between two layers of flexible sheet or fabric material wherein the two flexible layers of sheet or fabric material are ... | 09/13/1994 |
| 5346565 | Water barrier of water-swellable clay sandwiched between interconnected layers of flexible fabric needled together using a lubricant A multi-layer article of manufacture includes an intermediate layer of a water-swellable colloidal clay, such as bentonite, sandwiched between two layers of flexible sheet or fabric material wherein the two flexible layers of sheet or fabric material are ... | 09/13/1994 |
| 5318698 | Arrangement for cleaning contaminated ground water An arrangement for cleaning contaminated ground water and a ground region through which it flows comprises a shaft extending to a region of ground water to be cleaned, the shaft having a shaft wall with two water permeable wall regions located above and b... | 06/07/1994 |
| 5299638 | Process for transporting particles in a porous medium The invention relates to an improved method for injecting and transporting small particles in a natural porous medium. The method is characterized in that, in a first step, the porous medium is conditioned by means of an aqueous solution containing a hydr... | 04/05/1994 |
| 5277815 | In situ biodegradation of groundwater contaminants Regulated processes for biodegrading halogenated organic compounds in an aqueous subsurface environment through stimulation of bacteria are provided. The processes provide an electron donor source to anaerobic dehalogenating bacteria as a stimulus for bio... | 01/11/1994 |
| 5246584 | Method and apparatus for destroying organic contaminants in aqueous liquids A method and apparatus for destroying organic contaminants, such as trichloroethylene, in aqueous liquids, such as groundwater, utilizing steam stripping integrated with biodegradation. The contaminated aqueous liquid is fed into a steam stripper causing ... | 09/21/1993 |
| 5237945 | Water barrier formed from a clay-fiber mat A method of manufacturing a water barrier fabric, in flexible or rigid form, and article manufactured thereby, formed by dispersing a water-absorbent material, in powdered or granular form, among a mass of fibers during the formation of a loose mat of sai... | 08/24/1993 |
| 5180503 | In-situ vapor stripping for removing volatile organic compounds from groundwater An in-situ system for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from groundwater. The technique includes gas-lift pumping and in-situ vapor stripping.... | 01/19/1993 |