Did You Know...
...that a workman who left the soap mixing machine on too long was responsible for making Ivory Soap? He was so embarrassed by his mistake that he threw the mess in a stream. Imagine his dismay when the evidence of his error floated to the surface! Result: Ivory soap, the soap that floats.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7279088 | Catalytic electrode, cell, system and process for storing hydrogen/deuterium A catalytic electrode, cell, system and process for absorbing and storing hydrogen (H2) and deuterium (D2) from the gaseous to the solid ionic form. The cell includes a non-conductive sealed housing and a conductive catalytic electrode position... | 10/09/2007 |
| 6887367 | Process for the coating of passivated metallic surfaces of components and such coated components The invention relates to a process which is suitable for applying a permanently adhering, stable, dirt and water repellent coating to metallic surfaces, specifically chromium surfaces, specifically sanitary and kitchen fixtures, and also to the components coated in ... | 05/03/2005 |
| 6875331 | Anode isolation by diffusion differentials Embodiments of the invention generally provide an electrochemical plating cell having a cell body configured to contain a plating solution therein. An anode assembly is immersed in a fluid solution contained in the cell body, the anode being positioned in an anode c... | 04/05/2005 |
| 6869516 | Method for removing electrolyte from electrical contacts and wafer touching areas A method for cleaning the electrical contact areas or substrate contact areas of an electrochemical plating contact ring is provided. Embodiments of the method include positioning a substrate on a substrate support member having one or more electrical contacts, chem... | 03/22/2005 |
| 6855239 | Plating method and apparatus using contactless electrode A plating method and apparatus using contactless electrode is described. In one embodiment an inductive element is placed proximally to a substrate and a moving electromagnetic field generates an emf in the substrate to plate the surface. In another embodiment, a co... | 02/15/2005 |
| 6841056 | Apparatus and method for treating a substrate electrochemically while reducing metal corrosion A process tool for electrochemically treating a substrate is configured to reduce the oxygen concentration and/or the sulfur dioxide concentration in the vicinity of the substrate so that corrosion of copper may be reduced. In one embodiment, a substantially inert a... | 01/11/2005 |
| 6811672 | Method for forming plating film and electronic component having plating film formed theron by same method A method for forming a plating film, comprising the steps of: applying a plating film onto an object to be plated at a first current density for a predetermined period in a plating bath having a cathode capable of varying current and an anode and; and maintaining th... | 11/02/2004 |
| 6808612 | Method and apparatus to overcome anomalies in copper seed layers and to tune for feature size and aspect ratio A method and apparatus for electrochemically depositing a metal into a high aspect ratio structure on a substrate are provided. In one aspect, a method is provided for processing a substrate including positioning a substrate having a first conductive material dispos... | 10/26/2004 |
| 6797144 | Method for reducing surface defects in an electrodeposition process A method for in-situ cleaning an electrodeposition surface following an electroplating process including providing a first electrode assembly and a second electrode assembly; applying a first current density across the first electrode assembly and the second electro... | 09/28/2004 |
| 6323128 | Method for forming Co-W-P-Au films A method for forming a quaternary alloy film of Co--W--P--Au for use as a diffusion barrier layer on a copper interconnect in a semiconductor structure and devices formed incorporating such film are disclosed. In the method, a substrate that has copper co... | 11/27/2001 |
| 5480515 | Electrolysis cell and method for gas-developing or gas-consuming electrolytic processes An electrolysis cell for gas-emitting or gas dissipating electrolytic processes using at least one electrode having a capillary structure in its edge region (51, 52) on the reaction side such that the gas (6) and electrolyte (L) are substantially conveyed... | 01/02/1996 |
| 5472577 | Fluid pumping system based on electrochemically-induced surface tension changes A pump for exerting a pumping force on a fluid in an attached conduit, the pump being actuated by a voltage from a power supply, the pump comprising a liquid metal pool, a containment vessel for confining the pool, an inner tubular member in hydraulic con... | 12/05/1995 |
| 5458743 | Method for producing a mixed oxidant gas An electrolytic cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a permeable membrane interposed between the anode and cathode plate. An anode sealing gasket is interposed between the anode plate and the permeable membrane forming an anode chamber, the... | 10/17/1995 |
| 5403449 | Methods and apparatus for electrically coupling electrical conductors with a conductive alloy having a low melting point Methods and apparatus are provided for coupling two similar or different types of bus bar conductors, where a conductor strap of each bus bar is submersed in a low melting point conductive alloy contained in a chamber. One of the conductor straps may be f... | 04/04/1995 |
| 5346596 | Method for bypassing a monopolar electrolyzer in series A method for by-passing a monopolar electrolyzer out of a plurality of monopolar electrolyzers connected in series to an electrical power source, which electrolyzers consist of individual electrolysis cells each having anodic and cathodic contact points, ... | 09/13/1994 |
| 5292405 | Electrolytic cell and method An electrolysis cell provides a plurality of electrode stacks arranged electrically and mechanically back-to-back in a vertical orientation to develop an electrically neutral effluent. The electrode stacks comprise a plurality of electrode plates that sea... | 03/08/1994 |
| 5240569 | Magnetically enhanced electrolysis cell system The system includes at least one electrolysis cell having a principal direction of current flow. The electrolysis cell has two electrode surfaces whose mean surface planes are substantially parallel, separated by a fluid electrolyte layer. Separate electr... | 08/31/1993 |
| 5180968 | Method and apparatus for compensation of double layer charging current in electrochemical cells A method and apparatus for compensating for charging current at a working electrode of an electrochemical cell. And a method for measuring faradaic current at the working electrode. Includes measuring the current at the working electrode while a time-vary... | 01/19/1993 |
| 4830716 | Preparation of pharmaceutical grade amino acid chelates Pharmaceutical grade amino acid chelates, free of interfering anions, are made by reacting an amino acid ligand with a metal member selected from the group consisting of elemental metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates in an aqueous e... | 05/16/1989 |
| 4806224 | Electrolytic process An electroltytic process is described by which in order to increase the depletion factory, the material coefficient of the electrolyte passing through an electrolytic cell is increased along the direction of the electrolytic flow.... | 02/21/1989 |
| 4670114 | Fine, uniform particles, and precipitation or depositing of particles from a solution The precipitation or deposition of particles from a solution in a cell (61) which an electric field is applied between an anode (65,67,68) and a cathode (66), typically an electrolysis cell for the co-precipitation of mixed oxides but also cells for elect... | 06/02/1987 |
| 4627891 | Method of generating electrical and magnetic fields in salt water marine environments A method of generating electrical and magnetic fields in salt water marine environments using an elongated dimensionally stable flexible electrode (30) having a current carrying inner portion (31) in an outer protective and electrically conductive sheath ... | 12/09/1986 |
| 4623433 | Process for orienting and accelerating the formation of concretions in a marine environment The present invention concerns a process for orienting and accelerating the formation of concretions in marine environment, wherein a metallic cathode having a shape corresponding to the skeleton of the concretion to be formed and an anode made of a metal... | 11/18/1986 |
| 4620902 | Electrolysis process using liquid electrolytes and porous electrodes This process can be carried out in an electrolytic cell which is non-partitioned or partitioned by at least one separator and has at least one porous electrode. The electrolyte enters parallel to the surface of the electrode and is forced by at least one ... | 11/04/1986 |
| 4610762 | Method for forming polymer films having bubble release surfaces The invention is a method for forming polymer films having a roughened surface using removable substrates comprising: (a) providing a removable substrate with a roughened surface; (b) forming a dispersion of a perfluorinated polymer containing sites convertibl... | 09/09/1986 |
| 4589966 | Membrane cell jumper switch An electrolytic cell jumper switch system is disclosed which eliminates all damaging reverse currents without utilizing any additional rectifiers, power supply or auxiliary power or current sources by loading the electrical current flow through resistor m... | 05/20/1986 |
| 4582582 | Method and means for generating electrical and magnetic fields in salt water environment An elongated dimensionally stable flexible electrode (30) having a current carrying inner portion (31) in an outer protective and electrically conductive sheath (33) preferably formed of ruthenium dioxide. A layer of titanium cladding (33) may be provided... | 04/15/1986 |
| 4539078 | Method of and apparatus for making a synthetic breakwater A method of, and apparatus for, making a synthetic breakwater involves the steps of arranging flat, approximately parallel electrodes (20 and 22) which are approximately coextensive with one another, so that they are spaced from one another by electricall... | 09/03/1985 |
| 4507177 | Method of stabilization of particulate material A method of stabilizing particulate material covered by a liquid electrolyte containing dissolved inorganic salts in which a cathode is placed below the surface of the particulate material and an anode is placed in the liquid electrolyte or in the particu... | 03/26/1985 |
| 4465560 | Method and device for protecting the anodes of electrolytic cells against overloads, short circuits and unbalances A method for protection against overloads in mercury cathode electrolytic cells, consisting in detecting, in an indirect way, the average currents of the two semicells forming the cell to be protected by measuring the average of the anode potentials of th... | 08/14/1984 |
| 4377445 | Shunt current elimination for series connected cells Electrochemical systems having a plurality of cells which are hydraulically and electrically connected in series develop shunt currents in the electrolyte of adjacent cells. The shunt currents are reduced or eliminated by the placing of an electrical bypa... | 03/22/1983 |
| 4277317 | Shunt current elimination and device employing tunneled protective current The present invention is directed to a method of minimizing shunt currents in electrochemical devices which have a plurality of cells connected, at least in part, in series and which have a common electrolyte which is fed to at least two of the cells as a... | 07/07/1981 |
| 4246075 | Mineral accretion of large surface structures, building components and elements By establishing a direct electrical current between electrodes in an electrolyte like seawater, calcium carbonates, magnesium hydroxides, and hydrogen are precipitated at the cathode, while at the anode, oxygen and chlorine are produced. The electrodeposi... | 01/20/1981 |
| 4243494 | Process for oxidizing a metal of variable valence by controlled potential electrolysis A process for oxidizing a metal of variable valence to a higher valence state by electrochemical means. More particularly, a process for oxidizing a metal of variable valence, such as, for example, uranium or vanadium contained in wet process phosphoric a... | 01/06/1981 |
| 4222826 | Process for oxidizing vanadium and/or uranium The present invention provides a process for rapidly and efficiently oxidizing either or both vanadium and uranium from the trivalent and guadrivalent oxidation states, respectively, to the pentavelent and hexavalent oxidation states, respectively, throug... | 09/16/1980 |
| 4206016 | Sodium ion conducting sodium borophosphate glass Certain sodium borophosphate glasses containing 0 to 11 mole percent of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of ZrO2, MgO and Al2 O3 are good ionic conductors and are resistant to molten sodium at about 30... | 06/03/1980 |
| 4197169 | Shunt current elimination and device The present invention is directed to a method of minimizing shunt currents in electrochemical devices which have a plurality of cells connected, at least in part, in series and which have an electrolyte which is a common electrolyte to at least two of the... | 04/08/1980 |
| 4190500 | Sodium ion conducting sodium aluminum borate glasses Certain sodium aluminum borate glasses containing about 2-11 mole percent of ZrO2, P2 O5 or SiO2 are good ionic conductors and are resistant to corrosion by molten sodium at about 300° C. Exemplary is a glass c... | 02/26/1980 |
| 4188266 | Method and apparatus for changing the concentration of molecules or atoms A method for changing the concentration of a preselected atom or molecule in a mixture containing the preselected atom or molecule and atoms or molecules having mass different from the preselected one which employs a solid electrolyte which preferentially... | 02/12/1980 |
| 4181579 | Sodium ion conducting sodium aluminum phosphate glasses Certain sodium aluminum phosphate glasses containing up to 11 mole percent of ZrO2, MgO or SiO2 are good ionic conductors and are resistant to corrosion by molten sodium at about 300° C. Exemplary is a glass consisting of 50 mole pe... | 01/01/1980 |
