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A self defense weapon formed as a memo pad and which is easily held by a person's fingers, therefore making it possible to provide protection from a mugger and also to quickly and easily write a record or a message without failure of missing or forgetting significant information under a stressful situation.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7316067 | Forming a perforate membrane by laser drilling and a subsequent electro-polishing step A method of forming a perforate membrane (1) is disclosed for use in a liquid transport device. The membrane has at least plural nozzles (10) formed therethrough. Each of those nozzles has a throat portion (12) opening at opposite end through op... | 01/08/2008 |
| 7285145 | Electro chemical mechanical polishing method and device for planarizing semiconductor surfaces Embodiments of the invention include a method for electro chemical mechanical polishing of a substrate. The process includes flowing an electro chemical mechanical polishing (ECMP) slurry having a high viscosity with a polishing agent over a portion of the substrate... | 10/23/2007 |
| 7238294 | Procedure for etching of materials at the surface with focussed electron beam induced chemical reactions at said surface The invention refers to a procedure for etching of materials at the surface by focussed electron beam induced chemical reactions at said surface. The invention is characterized in that in a vacuum atmosphere the material which is to be etched is irradiated with at l... | 07/03/2007 |
| 7223685 | Damascene fabrication with electrochemical layer removal The present application discloses process comprising providing a wafer, the wafer comprising an inter-layer dielectric (ILD) having a feature therein, an under-layer deposited on the ILD, and a barrier layer deposited on the under-layer, and a conductive layer depos... | 05/29/2007 |
| 7211504 | Process and arrangement for the selective metallization of 3D structures A process is provided for the selective metallization of 3D structures, particularly for the selective gold-plating of 3D contact structures on wafers, such as contact bumps, which are electrically connected to a bond pad on the wafer via a three-dimensional, mechan... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7169286 | Process control methods of electropolishing for metal substrate preparation in producing YBCO coated conductors Disclosed is a reel-to-reel substrate tape polishing and cleaning system including precleaning, electropolishing section and post cleaning sections and which is suitable for polishing and cleaning long lengths of metal substrate tape used in the manufacture of HTS-c... | 01/30/2007 |
| 7128821 | Electropolishing method for removing particles from wafer surface An electropolishing method for removing potential device-contaminating particles from a wafer, is disclosed. The method includes immersing the wafer in an electropolishing electrolyte solution and removing defects and particles from the wafer by rotational friction ... | 10/31/2006 |
| 7112271 | Method and apparatus for making very low roughness copper foil A method for manufacturing a very low roughness copper foil and an apparatus for manufacturing the copper foil. In the method of the present invention, a pickling process, an electrolytic polishing process and a washing process are successively performed after the c... | 09/26/2006 |
| 7094131 | Microelectronic substrate having conductive material with blunt cornered apertures, and associated methods for removing conductive material A microelectronic substrate and method for removing conductive material from a microelectronic substrate. In one embodiment, the microelectronic substrate includes a conductive or semiconductive material with a recess having an initially sharp corner at the surface ... | 08/22/2006 |
| 7074632 | Miniature optical element for wireless bonding in an electronic instrument A method of manufacturing an optical element including the steps of: forming a through hole in a semiconductor element which has an optical section and an electrode electrically connected to the optical section; and forming a conductive layer extending from a first ... | 07/11/2006 |
| 6935933 | Viscous electropolishing system A method for planarizing a surface of an electrically conductive layer on a substrate, where the surface of the electrically conductive layer has relatively high features and relatively low features. A viscous material is applied to the surface of the electrically c... | 08/30/2005 |
| 6932896 | Method and apparatus for avoiding particle accumulation in electrodeposition Systems and methods to remove or lessen the size of metal particles that have formed on, and to limit the rate at which metal particles form or grow on, workpiece surface influencing devices used during electrodeposition are presented. According to an exemplary meth... | 08/23/2005 |
| 6922429 | Treatment of chloralkali feeds containing hydrogen peroxide and base A method and apparatus for removing BHP contaminants (alkali hydroxide and H2O2) from a recycled aqueous alkali chloride solution stream before the stream is fed to a chloralkali cell so that the contaminants do not impair the operation of a ch... | 07/26/2005 |
| 6915821 | Metal tube and its production method A small diameter metal tube whose inner surface is smooth and its production method are provided. The metal tube has an inner diameter of up to 1.0 mm and its inner surface has a maximum height difference (Rf) in the surface roughness of up to 3 μm. ... | 07/12/2005 |
| 6797144 | Method for reducing surface defects in an electrodeposition process A method for in-situ cleaning an electrodeposition surface following an electroplating process including providing a first electrode assembly and a second electrode assembly; applying a first current density across the first electrode assembly and the second electro... | 09/28/2004 |
| 6780305 | Method for producing support for planographic printing plate, support for planographic printing plate, and planographic printing plate precursor The invention provides a method for producing a support for planographic printing plates which comprises a step of roughening the surface of an aluminum plate and in which the surface-roughening step includes (1) a pre-electrolytic surface-roughening step of electro... | 08/24/2004 |
| 6743350 | Apparatus and method for rejuvenating cooling passages within a turbine airfoil An electrode for rejuvenating a cooling passage within an airfoil, the electrode including a tip, an end, a conductive core extending between the tip and the end, and an insulating coating disposed on the conductive core. The insulating coating exposes a number of c... | 06/01/2004 |
| 6676825 | Removal of sacrificial cores by electrochemical machining A sacrificial core (304) defining a cavity in a metallic or non-metallic shaped article of manufacture, e.g., a casting (302), is made from a metal that can be electrolytically dissolved. The sacrificial core (304) is removed from the article (302) by ele... | 01/13/2004 |
| 6676826 | Method for production of a rotor for centrifugal compressors A method for production of a rotor for centrifugal compressor, wherein the said rotor is produced from a monolithic disc, which is provided with a central hole. The method consists of use, within an isolating medium, of at least one first electrode which ... | 01/13/2004 |
| 6596150 | Production method for an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate Disclosed is a production method of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, capable of stable and low-cost production of an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate, the support being scarcely subject to generation of treatment un... | 07/22/2003 |
| 6582585 | Method of revealing structure for single-crystal superalloys The method according to the invention comprises a macrographic etching step followed by a "bleaching" step by electrolytic etching by means of a bath containing at least phosphoric acid and a weak acid. This method allows components made of superalloys to... | 06/24/2003 |
| 6582584 | Method for enhancing heat transfer inside a turbulated cooling passage A method of enhancing heat transfer and cooling efficiency in a cooling passage includes forming a plurality of turbulator rings in the passage, the rings projecting inwardly, substantially perpendicular to a cooling flow direction in the passage; and usi... | 06/24/2003 |
| 6544402 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing a wire A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a wire, particularly a sawtooth wire for all-steel sawtooth wire card clothings, wherein the surface of a wire-shaped intermediate product, such as a wire already provided with sawteeth, is smoothened in an elec... | 04/08/2003 |
| 6428682 | Procedure for electrochemical polishing of an aluminium substrate to obtain a specular surface A process for removing or reducing the directionality or anisotropy of a surface and for making the surface specular on a substrate material consisting of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, by (a) chemically etching the substrate material, (b) subjecting th... | 08/06/2002 |
| 6376285 | Annealed porous silicon with epitaxial layer for SOI An epitaxial layer of silicon is grown on a layer of partially-oxidized porous silicon, then covered by a capping layer which provides structural support and prevents oxidation of the epitaxial layer. A high-temperature anneal allows the partially oxidize... | 04/23/2002 |
| 6315885 | Method and apparatus for electropolishing aided by ultrasonic energy means The present invention relates to a method of electropolishing aided by ultrasonic means having the capability of rapidly discharging dregs. More specifically, the invention relates to a method of electrochemical polishing process aided by an auxiliary ult... | 11/13/2001 |
| 6267867 | Composite article with adherent CVD diamond coating and method of making A process for coating a tungsten carbide base material substrate with CVD diamond film includes carburization and gas-assisted vaporization of cobalt from the surface with simultaneous recrystallization of surface grains of tungsten carbide to change thei... | 07/31/2001 |
| 6264821 | Process for producing aluminum support for lithographic printing plate In a process for producing an aluminum support of a lithographic printing plate, the desired aluminum support is produced by imparting fine asperities to an aluminum plate and then roughening it electrochemically in an acidic aqueous solution. The roughen... | 07/24/2001 |
| 6143158 | Method for producing an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate A method for producing an aluminum support for a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of (a) electrolytic polishing an aluminum plate in an alkaline aqueous solution; and (b) electrochemically surface roughening the aluminum plate using direct... | 11/07/2000 |
| 6103028 | Method of fabricating thinned free-standing metallic hydrogen-selective palladium-bearing membranes and novel pin-hole-free membranes formed thereby A new method of creating thin free-standing pin hole-free hydrogen-selective palladium-bearing membranes that comprises thinning cold-rolled membranes by chemical etching or electrochemically electrolyzing of at least one membrane surface, and novel membr... | 08/15/2000 |
| 6056869 | Wafer edge deplater for chemical mechanical polishing of substrates A device for electrochemically deplating metal from side edges and a backside of a semiconductor wafer or substrate. The device includes a shaped cathode having a shape substantially corresponding to a shape of at least a portion of the semiconductor wafe... | 05/02/2000 |
| 5993636 | Method of making a needle electrode A method of making a needle electrode is such that a neck portion is formed in a thin wire made of a tungsten single crystal and the thin wire is cut at the neck portion by feeding an electric current in electrolyte.... | 11/30/1999 |
| 5900134 | Method and apparatus for the serial production of parts by electrochemical machining A method and apparatus is described for producing a large number of identical parts from a bar of material by electrochemical machining without the intervention of an operator. The apparatus comprises a spindle for supporting the bar and periodically feed... | 05/04/1999 |
| 5853561 | Method for surface texturing titanium products The present invention teaches a method of producing a textured surface upon an arbitrarily configured titanium or titanium alloy object for the purpose of improving bonding between the object and other materials such as polymer matrix composites and/or hu... | 12/29/1998 |
| 5810994 | Method for fabricating silicon-on-insulator device wafer A silicon on-insulator device wafer having a very thin monocrystalline film with uniform thickness. It is fabricated by vias technique in which a monocrystalline silicon film on an insulator is etched with a base silicon etching solution in an etch appara... | 09/22/1998 |
| 5755949 | Electrochemical graining method A plate-, foil- or web-shaped workpiece of aluminum or an alloy thereof is subjected, in an electrolyte bath, to an alternating current at a frequency of 0.1 to 25 Hz. During the AC treatment, an anodic potential is imposed on the workpiece, in the range ... | 05/26/1998 |
| 5728286 | Method of manufacturing extrusion die for extruding honeycomb structural body A method of manufacturing an extrusion die for extruding a honeycomb structural body is disclosed. The extrusion die has a plurality of forming channels which have a shape in a traverse cross section corresponding to that of the honeycomb structural body ... | 03/17/1998 |
| 5650059 | Method of making cemented carbide substrate A carbide substrate including a binder prepared to receive a cutting material such as a diamond coating thereon. The substrate is immersed in an electrolyte solution with the substrate acting as the anode thereby providing for an electro-polished substrat... | 07/22/1997 |
| 5507925 | Electrochemical drilling of substrates A process is set forth for electrochemically machining holes in a workpiece, such as a die, in such a manner so as to virtually eliminate surface finish patterns normally introduced by the electrochemical machining process, by randomly forming sequences o... | 04/16/1996 |
| 5507924 | Method and apparatus for adjusting sectional area ratio of metal-covered electric wire Disclosed herein are methods of measuring, adjusting and uniformalizing a sectional area ratio of a metal-covered electric wire, a method of cleaning an electric wire, a method of manufacturing a metal-covered electric wire, an apparatus for measuring a s... | 04/16/1996 |
