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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7431812 | Surface oxidised nickel-iron metal anodes for aluminium production An anode for the electrowinning of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina in a molten fluoride electrolyte has an electrochemically active integral outside oxide layer obtainable by surface oxidation of a metal alloy which consists of 20 to 60 weight % nickel; 5 t... | 10/07/2008 |
| 7353185 | Electronic toll collection system for toll road An ETC system for a toll road includes a road-side device. The road-side device transmitting a polling signal. The road-side device receives a response of an on-vehicle device to the transmitted polling signal. A decision is made as to whether or not the response is... | 04/01/2008 |
| 7282133 | Cermet inert anode assembly heat radiation shield A method of protecting an inert anode assembly (16) operating in an electrolysis cell (10) for producing metal when an adjacent assembly (16′) is removed exposing remaining assemblies to low ambient temperatures (40) by utilizing heat r... | 10/16/2007 |
| 7255893 | Protection of non-carbon anodes and other oxidation resistant components with iron oxide-containing coatings A method of forming a dense and crack-free hematite-containing protective layer on a metal-based substrate for use in a high temperature oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises applying onto the substrate a particle mixture consisting of: 60 to 99 95 weight... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7255894 | Non-carbon anodes for aluminium electrowinning and other oxidation resistant components with slurry-applied coatings A method of manufacturing a component, in particular an aluminium electrowinning anode, for use at elevated temperature in an oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises: applying onto a metal-based substrate layers of a particle mixture containing iron oxide p... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7238390 | Coating precursor and method for coating a substrate with a refractory layer The purpose of the invention is a coating precursor comprising a silicone resin and a mineral filler capable of chemically reacting so as to produce a solid layer on a substrate and a cohesive refractory layer after a calcination operation. The precursor may also in... | 07/03/2007 |
| 7235161 | Stable anodes including iron oxide and use of such anodes in metal production cells Stable anodes comprising iron oxide useful for the electrolytic production of metal such as aluminum are disclosed. The iron oxide may comprise Fe3O4, Fe2O3, FeO or a combination thereof. During the electrolytic aluminum p... | 06/26/2007 |
| 7141148 | Material for a dimensionally stable anode for the electrowinning of aluminum A material suitable for use as the active anode surface in the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminium metal defined by the formula: A1+xB1+δCdO4 where A is a divalent cation or a mixture of cations with a relative... | 11/28/2006 |
| 7118666 | Protecting an inert anode from thermal shock A method for protecting anode assemblies in an electrolytic cell from thermal shock is disclosed. The method generally involves applying a thermal insulating layer (8, 16) to the anode (2) prior to preheating the anode assembly in a furnace, where the ... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7077945 | Cu—Ni—Fe anode for use in aluminum producing electrolytic cell A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte at a temperature of less than 900° C. having alumina dissolved therein in an electrolytic c... | 07/18/2006 |
| 6998032 | Metal-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a nickel-iron alloy substrate having a nickel metal rich outer portion with an electrolyte pervious integral nickel-iron oxide containing surface layer which adheres to the nickel metal rich outer port... | 02/14/2006 |
| 6913682 | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more ... | 07/05/2005 |
| 6878247 | Metal-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a nickel-iron alloy substrate having an openly porous nickel metal rich outer portion whose surface is electrochemically active. The outer portion is optionally covered with an external integral nickel... | 04/12/2005 |
| 6855234 | Sinter-bonded direct pin connections for inert anodes A sintered electrode assembly is made of an inert electrode (15) containing a sealed metal conductor (20) having a surface feature (30) such as a coating or wrapping which aids in bond formation with the inert electrode (15) at their inte... | 02/15/2005 |
| 6800192 | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more ... | 10/05/2004 |
| 6692620 | Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte A drained cathode cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a cell bottom (20) arranged to collect product aluminium and thermic insulating sidewalls (55,55') lined with a molten electrolyte resistant sidewall lining (50) which is made of materia... | 02/17/2004 |
| 6638412 | Prevention of dissolution of metal-based aluminium production anodes A method of inhibiting dissolution of a transition metal alloy anode (40) of an aluminium electrowinning cell comprises providing a sodium-inert layer (11,20,50,50') on a sodium-active cathodic cell material (15), such as carbon, and electrolysing alumina... | 10/28/2003 |
| 6607657 | Carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells Carbon-containing components of cells for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a cryolite-based molten electrolyte are protected from attack by liquid and/or gaseous components of the electrolyte in the form of elements,... | 08/19/2003 |
| 6562224 | Nickel-iron alloy-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells A method of manufacturing an anode for use in a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises oxidising before cell operation an iron-nickel alloy substrate in an oxygen-containing atmosphere, such as air, at a temperature which is at least 50° C., ... | 05/13/2003 |
| 6533909 | Bipolar cell for the production of aluminium with carbon cathodes A bipolar cell for the electrowinning of aluminium has bipolar electrodes each comprising a carbon cathode body having on one side an active surface on which aluminium is produced and connected on the other side through an oxygen impermeable barrier layer... | 03/18/2003 |
| 6521116 | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more intermediate laye... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6521115 | Nickel-iron alloy-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises an iron-nickel alloy body or layer whose surface is oxidised to form a coherent and adherent outer iron oxide-based layer, in particular hematite, the surface of which is electrochemically a... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6485628 | Bath for electrolytic reduction of alumina and method therefor An electrolytic bath for use during the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum. The bath comprises a molten electrolyte having the following ingredients: (a) AlF3 and at least one salt selected from the group consisting of NaF, KF, and L... | 11/26/2002 |
| 6475358 | Method for providing a protective coating for carbonaceous components of an electrolysis cell A method of treating a carbonaceous cell component of an electrolyte cell for the production of aluminum, to impart protection against deterioration during operation of the cell. A liquid suspension of a refractory material dispersed in a lignosulfonate b... | 11/05/2002 |
| 6447667 | Thermal shock protection for electrolysis cells A cermet anode of an electrolytic cell is protected from thermal shock during cell start-up by coating an outer surface portion of the anode with a coating composition comprising carbon or aluminum or a mixture thereof. A particularly preferred coating co... | 09/10/2002 |
| 6436274 | Slow consumable non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based slow-consumable anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium self-forms during normal electrolysis an electrochemically-active oxide-based surface layer (20). The rate of formation (35) of the layer (20) is substantially e... | 08/20/2002 |
| 6425992 | Surface coated non-carbon metal-based anodes A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied ... | 07/30/2002 |
| 6416649 | Electrolytic production of high purity aluminum using ceramic inert anodes A method of producing commercial purity aluminum in an electrolytic reduction cell comprising ceramic inert anodes is disclosed. The method produces aluminum having acceptable levels of Fe, Cu and Ni impurities. The ceramic inert anodes used in the proces... | 07/09/2002 |
| 6413406 | Electrocatalytically active non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based high temperature resistant anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a highly conductive metal-based substrate coated with one or more electrically conductive adherent intermediate protective layers and an outer layer wh... | 07/02/2002 |
| 6402926 | Application of refractory protective coatings on the surface of electrolytic cell components An adherent protective coating of a refractory material is produced on the surface of carbonaceous, refractory, ceramic, metallic or other materials serving as components of electrolytic cells operating at high temperature, by applying to such surfaces a ... | 06/11/2002 |
| 6379526 | Non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon metal-based anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising an electrically conductive metal substrate resistant to high temperature, the surface of which becomes passive and substantially inert to the electrolyte, and a coatin... | 04/30/2002 |
| 6361681 | Slurry for coating non-carbon metal-based anodes for metal production cells A method of coating an electronically conductive and heat resistant substrate of an anode of a cell for the electrowinning of metals, in particular a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium, to protect and make the surface of the anode active for the oxi... | 03/26/2002 |
| 6358393 | Aluminum production cell and cathode A cell for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of an aluminium compound dissolved in a molten electrolyte, in which an outer mechanical structure forming an outer shell (21) houses therein one or more inner electrically-conductive cathode hold... | 03/19/2002 |
| 6287447 | Method of producing aluminum in a drained cathode cell Carbon-containing components of cells for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a cryolite-based molten electrolyte are protected from attack by liquid and/or gaseous components of the electrolyte in the form of elements,... | 09/11/2001 |
| 6248227 | Slow consumable non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based slow-consumable anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium self-forms during normal electrolysis an electrochemically-active oxide-based surface layer (20). The rate of formation (35) of the layer (20) is substantially e... | 06/19/2001 |
| 6187168 | Electrolysis in a cell having a solid oxide ion conductor An electrolytic cell and electrolytic process for producing a metal by reduction of a metal oxide dissolved in a molten salt bath containing at least one chloride and at least one fluoride. A solid conductor of oxide ions is interposed between the anode a... | 02/13/2001 |
| 6113758 | Porous non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based anode (10) of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium, comprising an electrically conductive, high temperature resistant and oxidation resistant metal structure (11) in the form of a wire mesh or net, a foraminate sheet, a fib... | 09/05/2000 |
| 6103090 | Electrocatalytically active non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based high temperature resistant anode of a cell for the production of aluminium has a metal-based substrate coated with one or more electrically conductive adherent applied layers, at least one electrically conductive layer being elec... | 08/15/2000 |
| 6083362 | Dimensionally stable anode for electrolysis, method for maintaining dimensions of anode during electrolysis A dimensionally stable electrode is provided comprising a hollow substrate with an open upper end for confining a fluid containing a metal, a film covering portions of the external surface; and a mechanism for replenishing the film. Also provided is a met... | 07/04/2000 |
| 6077415 | Multi-layer non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminum production cells and method A composite, high-temperature resistant, non-carbon metal-based anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a metal-based core structure of low electrical resistance, for connecting the anode to a positive current supply, coated with a s... | 06/20/2000 |
