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...that the Slinky toy was the result of a failed attempt by engineer Richard James to produce an antivibration device for ship instruments? His goal was to develop a spring that would instantaneously counterbalance the wave motion that rocks a ship at sea. Instead, he developed the Slinky.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7867373 | Method and apparatus for the production of aluminum Disclosed is a method for the continuous production of aluminum from alumina including a first step of converting alumina (Al2O3) into aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) and a second step of separation of aluminum from aluminum sulf... | 01/11/2011 |
| 7422624 | Method for operating one or more electrolysiscells for production of aluminium A method for operating one or more electrolysis cells (43, 154, 243) for production of aluminium, the cell comprising inert or substantially inert anodes, where an oxygen containing gas (21, 126, 221) evolved by the electrolysis process in the cell is ... | 09/09/2008 |
| 7378009 | Method of controlling an aluminum cell with variable alumina dissolution rate A method of controlling an aluminum reduction cell including the following steps: maintaining alumina concentration within preset limits by alternating base, underfeed and overfeed modes; measuring cell voltage and potline amperage... | 05/27/2008 |
| 7282133 | Cermet inert anode assembly heat radiation shield A method of protecting an inert anode assembly (16) operating in an electrolysis cell (10) for producing metal when an adjacent assembly (16′) is removed exposing remaining assemblies to low ambient temperatures (40) by utilizing heat r... | 10/16/2007 |
| 7255894 | Non-carbon anodes for aluminium electrowinning and other oxidation resistant components with slurry-applied coatings A method of manufacturing a component, in particular an aluminium electrowinning anode, for use at elevated temperature in an oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises: applying onto a metal-based substrate layers of a particle mixture containing iron oxide p... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7255893 | Protection of non-carbon anodes and other oxidation resistant components with iron oxide-containing coatings A method of forming a dense and crack-free hematite-containing protective layer on a metal-based substrate for use in a high temperature oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises applying onto the substrate a particle mixture consisting of: 60 to 99 95 weight... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7235161 | Stable anodes including iron oxide and use of such anodes in metal production cells Stable anodes comprising iron oxide useful for the electrolytic production of metal such as aluminum are disclosed. The iron oxide may comprise Fe3O4, Fe2O3, FeO or a combination thereof. During the electrolytic aluminum p... | 06/26/2007 |
| 7192511 | Method for regulating an electrolytic cell The invention relates to a regulation method for an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium by means of reduction of alumina dissolved in a molten cryolite bath, wherein a solidified bath ridge is formed on the internal walls of the pot, a quantity B, refe... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7135104 | Method for regulating an electrolysis cell The invention relates to a regulation method for an electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium by means of reduction of alumina dissolved in a molten cryolite bath and comprises the addition, in the electrolyte bath, during pre-determined time intervals p ref... | 11/14/2006 |
| 7118666 | Protecting an inert anode from thermal shock A method for protecting anode assemblies in an electrolytic cell from thermal shock is disclosed. The method generally involves applying a thermal insulating layer (8, 16) to the anode (2) prior to preheating the anode assembly in a furnace, where the ... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7077945 | Cu—Ni—Fe anode for use in aluminum producing electrolytic cell A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte at a temperature of less than 900° C. having alumina dissolved therein in an electrolytic c... | 07/18/2006 |
| 7033469 | Stable inert anodes including an oxide of nickel, iron and aluminum Ceramic inert anodes useful for the electrolytic production of aluminum are disclosed. The inert anodes comprise oxides of Ni, Fe and Al. The Ni—Fe—Al oxide inert anode materials have sufficient electrical conductivity at operation temperatures of aluminum produ... | 04/25/2006 |
| 6974534 | Process for preparing silicon and optionally aluminum and silumin (aluminum-silicon alloy) Process for preparing highly purified silicon and optionally aluminum and silumin (aluminum silicon alloy) in the same cell, wherein silicate and/or quartz containing rocks are subjected to electrolysis in a salt melt containing fluoride, whereby silicon and aluminu... | 12/13/2005 |
| 6921473 | Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and process applications A method of removing oxygen from a solid metal, metal compound or semi-metal M1O by electrolysis in a fused salt of M2Y or a mixture of salts, which comprises conducting electrolysis under conditions such that reaction of oxygen rather than M2 deposition occurs at a... | 07/26/2005 |
| 6866766 | Methods and apparatus for reducing sulfur impurities and improving current efficiencies of inert anode aluminum production cells Methods and apparatus are disclosed for reducing sulfur impurities in aluminum electrolytic production cells in order to significantly increase current efficiency of the cells. An impurity reduction zone may be created in the bath of an inert anode cell by submergin... | 03/15/2005 |
| 6855241 | Process and apparatus for smelting aluminum An apparatus for the smelting of aluminum includes a melting furnace that is separate from and free of permanent interconnection with an electrolytic cell. The melting furnace is preferably an induction melting furnace that is designed for optimum heating and interm... | 02/15/2005 |
| 6800191 | Electrolytic cell for producing aluminum employing planar anodes A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising providing a molten salt electrolyte having alumina dissolved therein in an electrolytic cell. A plurality of anodes and cathodes having plana... | 10/05/2004 |
| 6783655 | Slurry and method for producing refractory boride bodies and coatings for use in aluminium electrowinning cells A refractory boride body or coating made of a boride of titanium, chromium, vanadium, ziconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, molybednum and cerium is produced from a slurry of the refractory boride or a precursor in a collidal carrier preferably composed of two more ... | 08/31/2004 |
| 6758991 | Stable inert anodes including a single-phase oxide of nickel and iron Ceramic inert anodes useful for the electrolytic production of aluminum are disclosed. The inert anodes comprise an oxide of Ni and Fe having a controlled Ni/(Ni+Fe) mole ratio which results in a single-phase structure at the operation temperatures of aluminum produ... | 07/06/2004 |
| 6723221 | Insulation assemblies for metal production cells Insulation assemblies provide reduced heat loss from electrolytic metal production cells such as inert anode aluminum production cells. The insulation assemblies may be located at the end, side and/or center aisles of the cell, and may be supported by the anodes and... | 04/20/2004 |
| 6682643 | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a V-shaped cathode bottom and method of producing aluminium A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a plurality of metal-based anodes facing and spaced part from an aluminium-wettable drained cathode surface on which aluminium is produced. The drained cathode surface is formed along the cell by upper ... | 01/27/2004 |
| 6656340 | Aluminium production cell design A cell of advanced design for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of an aluminium compound dissolved in a molten electrolyte, has a cathode (30) of drained configuration, and at least one non-carbon anode (10) facing the cathode both covered b... | 12/02/2003 |
| 6639667 | Method and apparatus for analysis of chemical constituents in an electrolysis cell Method for determining chemical constituents in an electrolysis cell for the production of metal, in particular aluminum, involving the use of light spectroscopy such as Raman spectroscopy that analyses the light emitted from the cell constituents and rep... | 10/28/2003 |
| 6638412 | Prevention of dissolution of metal-based aluminium production anodes A method of inhibiting dissolution of a transition metal alloy anode (40) of an aluminium electrowinning cell comprises providing a sodium-inert layer (11,20,50,50') on a sodium-active cathodic cell material (15), such as carbon, and electrolysing alumina... | 10/28/2003 |
| 6620309 | Method for monitoring aluminum electrolytic cells A measuring method is provided for monitoring of aluminum electrolysis cells, together with a corresponding measurement arrangement that includes an immersion sensor. In order to obtain reproducible measurements, the bath electrode of the immersion sensor... | 09/16/2003 |
| 6607656 | Use of recuperative heating for start-up of electrolytic cells with inert anodes The present invention is directed to methods for preheating a molten salt electrolysis cell having inert anodes (24) using recuperative gas heating by combusting a first gas outside the cell chamber (20) in a combustion chamber (2) and using to heat a sec... | 08/19/2003 |
| 6585879 | Aluminum electrolysis using solid cryolite/alumina crust as anode A solid cryolite/alumina mixture is used as the anode in an electrolytic aluminum winning process. The mixture may be used in the form of a crust formed on the electrolytic cell.... | 07/01/2003 |
| 6565733 | Method and apparatus for the production of aluminium Method for the production of primary aluminium from alumina comprising the step of converting alumina into aluminium sulfide (Al2 S3) and subsequently the separation of aluminium from aluminium sulfide wherein the conversion of alumi... | 05/20/2003 |
| 6558525 | Anode for use in aluminum producing electrolytic cell A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte at a temperature of less than 900° C. having alumina dissolved therein in an ele... | 05/06/2003 |
| 6540887 | Aluminum electrowinning cells with oxygen-evolving anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises at least one non-carbon metal-based anode (10) having an electrically conductive metallic structure (12, 13, 15) which is suspended substantially parallel to a facing cathode (20, 21, 22). Such metallic... | 04/01/2003 |
| 6533909 | Bipolar cell for the production of aluminium with carbon cathodes A bipolar cell for the electrowinning of aluminium has bipolar electrodes each comprising a carbon cathode body having on one side an active surface on which aluminium is produced and connected on the other side through an oxygen impermeable barrier layer... | 03/18/2003 |
| 6521116 | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more intermediate laye... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6521115 | Nickel-iron alloy-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises an iron-nickel alloy body or layer whose surface is oxidised to form a coherent and adherent outer iron oxide-based layer, in particular hematite, the surface of which is electrochemically a... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6497807 | Electrolyte treatment for aluminum reduction A method of treating an electrolyte for use in the electrolytic reduction of alumina to aluminum employing an anode and a cathode, the alumina dissolved in the electrolyte, the treating improving wetting of the cathode with molten aluminum during electrol... | 12/24/2002 |
| 6471931 | Process for recycling spent pot liner The process includes the steps of combining silica with the spent pot liner in order to convert a majority of the spent pot liner into silicon carbide. Specifically, the silica reacts with carbon in the spent pot liner to form silicon carbide. In order to... | 10/29/2002 |
| 6440294 | Crust hole repair for electrolytic cells A process for repairing a hole in the crust of an electrolytic cell. The hole is repaired by covering it with a receptacle containing solid particles. The receptacle comprises a polymeric material. More preferably, the receptacle comprises a cellulosic ma... | 08/27/2002 |
| 6440279 | Chemical milling process for inert anodes A cermet inert anode having a reduced level of contaminating surface metal is disclosed. Methods for preparing cermet inert anodes and methods for treating cermet inert anodes are also disclosed. The methods generally use an oxidizing agent to convert met... | 08/27/2002 |
| 6428675 | Low temperature aluminum production A process for electrolyzing Al2 O3 to produce aluminum in a low temperature bath containing AlCl3 and an alkali metal chloride. The bath is maintained at a temperature of less than about 300 ° C. Solid aluminum is produce... | 08/06/2002 |
| 6425992 | Surface coated non-carbon metal-based anodes A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied ... | 07/30/2002 |
| 6423204 | For cermet inert anode containing oxide and metal phases useful for the electrolytic production of metals A cermet inert anode for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum is disclosed. The inert anode comprises a ceramic phase including an oxide of Ni, Fe and M, where M is at least one metal selected from Zn, Co, Al, Li, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, ... | 07/23/2002 |
