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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8038865 | Diaphragm for electrolytic cell Describes a diaphragm for an electrolytic diaphragm cell, e.g., a chlor-alkali cell, in which the diaphragm comprises fibrous material substantially resistant to the environment within the electrolytic cell and spheroidal ceramic microspheres at least partially resi... | 10/18/2011 |
| 7951281 | Methods for diminishing or preventing the deposition of a metal oxide on an electrode surface Described herein are methods for diminishing or preventing in electrochemical operating systems the deposition of a metal oxide on an electrode surface. The metal oxide is formed by electrochemically assisted reduction of volatile metal oxides formed from a metallic... | 05/31/2011 |
| 7837852 | Energy efficient synthesis of boranes The reaction of halo-boron compounds (B—X compounds, compounds having one or more boron-halogen bonds) with silanes provides boranes (B—H compounds, compounds having one or more B—H bonds) and halosilanes. Inorganic hydrides, such as surface-bound silane hydri... | 11/23/2010 |
| 7618527 | Method of operating a diaphragm electrolytic cell Describes a method for lowering the flow of liquid anolyte through perforations in the diaphragm of a diaphragm electrolytic cell, e.g., a chlor-alkali diaphragm electrolytic cell, comprising introducing ceramic fiber into the anolyte compartment of the electrolytic... | 11/17/2009 |
| 7329332 | Diaphragm for electrolytic cell Describes a cathode assembly for electrolytic cells, e.g., chlor-alkali electrolytic cells, comprising a foraminous cathode substrate, a deposited erodible mat comprising synthetic (man-made) fibers, e.g., polyamide (nylon) fibers, on the foraminous surface of said ... | 02/12/2008 |
| 7285194 | Conductive diamond electrode and process for producing the same A conductive diamond electrode including a conductive substrate comprising a carbonaceous material, a conductive diamond catalyst layer formed on a surface of the conductive substrate, and a carbon fluoride formed on an exposed portion present on the surface of the ... | 10/23/2007 |
| 7135396 | Method of making a semiconductor structure Methods of making a semiconductor structure are disclosed. A refractory metal layer containing W, TiW, Ta, or TaN and semiconductor layer are formed on a substrate that contains copper in, for example, a via therein. A portion of the refractory metal layer and semic... | 11/14/2006 |
| 7118665 | Surface treatment process for enhancing a release rate of metal ions from a sacrificial electrode and a related sacrificial electrode The present invention discloses a surface treatment process for enhancing both the release rate of metal ions from a sacrificial electrode, and the working life of the electrode. A high density of micro pores are formed on the surface of the sacrificial electrode. C... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7005056 | Method for inhibiting corrosion of alloys employing electrochemistry A method for inhibiting corrosion, e.g., pitting corrosion, of alloys is provided. Particularly, the method comprises contacting at least a portion of a surface of the alloy with an aqueous solution comprising a salt of one or more rare earth elements selected from ... | 02/28/2006 |
| 6964739 | Device and method for generating and applying ozonated water The present invention is a device and method for ozonating water and applying the ozonated water to surfaces for cleaning purposes. The instant invention allows a user to transform water into a liquid with more robust cleaning properties conveniently and in a short ... | 11/15/2005 |
| 6939611 | Window glass employing titanium dioxide photocatalyst A titanium dioxide film (2) having at least photocatalytic activity, whose light linear transmittance corresponding to light having a wavelength of 550 nm is not less than 50% and whose thickness is 0.1 to 5 μm or so, is formed on a transparent substrate ( | 09/06/2005 |
| 6846392 | Hydrophobic and hydrophilic membranes to vent trapped gases in a plating cell A plating tool cell anode for venting unwanted gases from a fluid plating solution. In a first embodiment, the solution is introduced into a chamber, defined by the plating tool cell (10), by fluid inlet (12) and contacts the anode (50). The flu... | 01/25/2005 |
| 6503385 | Method and apparatus for growth removal in an electrowinning process An electrolytic cell (10) comprises a plurality of cathodes (12) interspersed among a plurality of anodes (16). The plurality of cathodes and plurality of anodes form a plurality of electrodes spaced and suspended in parallel fashion in an electrolyte sol... | 01/07/2003 |
| 6245209 | Electro-refining system and method An electro-refining system in which the deposited metal is harvested without the need to remove the cathode from the slurry bath. The cathode has a hollow cavity permitting steam or hot water to be introduced to heat the cathode. During the deposition pro... | 06/12/2001 |
| 5919348 | Modification of the flow resistance of diaphragms The flow resistance of a diaphragm based on a fiber material is modified by treating the diaphragm during or after preparation thereof with a dispersion comprising a fluorine-containing component and optionally with a solution comprising a precursor of Zr... | 07/06/1999 |
| 5630930 | Method for starting a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell Describes adding an anolyte soluble amphoteric material, e.g., an aluminum compound, to the anolyte of a chlor-alkali diaphragm cell having a synthetic diaphragm during the start-up period of the cell to reduce the permeability of the diaphragm. Complemen... | 05/20/1997 |
| 5567298 | Method of operating chlor-alkali cells Disclosed is an improved method of making chlorine and alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, in an electrolytic cell of the type wherein a liquid permeable diaphragm separates the anolyte from the catholyte, said method comprising adding to the ... | 10/22/1996 |
| 5529683 | Method for preventing degradation of membranes used in electrolytic ozone production systems during system shutdown Prevention of degradation of ion exchange membranes and/or system hardware in electrolytic systems, during system shutdown, is effected by applying a reverse potential to the electrolytic system during shutdown of operation.... | 06/25/1996 |
| 5227045 | Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate This invention relates to a process of electrowinning molten aluminum from alumina dissolved in molten fluoride salts which is essentially cryolite. More specifically the process relates to the treatment of aluminum reduction cell drained solid cathode su... | 07/13/1993 |
| 5200054 | Ice electrode electrolytic cell This invention relates to a method and apparatus for removing heavy metals from waste water, soils, or process streams by electrolytic cell means. The method includes cooling a cell cathode to form an ice layer over the cathode and then applying an electr... | 04/06/1993 |
| 5135624 | Electrolytic hydrometallurgical silver refining An efficient hydrometallurgical refining method is disclosed for the production of high purity silver. The method comprises: casting an anode of raw silver; subjecting the cast anode to an electrorefining stage wherein the raw silver is directly electrore... | 08/04/1992 |
| 5098530 | Carbon electrode with gastight, temperature stable protective globe A carbon electrode surrounded by a protective globe in a fusion refining electrolysis process. The protective globe is self-supporting, gastight and thermally stable. The protective globe is spaced from the carbon electrode by a predetermined distance. Al... | 03/24/1992 |
| 5069771 | Molten salt electrolysis with non-consumable anode A method of electrowinning a metal by electrolysis of a melt containing a dissolved species of the metal to be won using a non-consumable anode having a metal, alloy or cermet substrate and an operative anode surface which is a protective surface coating ... | 12/03/1991 |
| 5019225 | Molten salt electrowinning electrode, method and cell A bipolar electrode for electrowinning aluminum or other metals by electrolysis of a molten salt electrolyte containing a dissolved compound of the metal to be won comprises an anodic and a cathodic surface which are both preserved during operation by dis... | 05/28/1991 |
| 4956068 | Non-consumable anode for molten salt electrolysis A non-consumable anode of the type comprising an oxide ceramic coating on a metal substrate, for molten salt electrolysis, namely the electrowinning of metals such as aluminum, has an electronically-conductive oxygen barrier layer between the oxide cerami... | 09/11/1990 |
| 4921584 | Anode film formation and control A protective film is created about the anode within a cryolite-based electrolyte during electrolytic production of aluminum from alumina. The film function to minimize corrosion of the anode by the cryolitic electrolyte and thereby extend the life of the ... | 05/01/1990 |
| 4822460 | Electrolytic cell and method of operation An alkali metal salt solution is electrolyzed in an electrolytic cell with at least two electrode compartments adapted to being separated by a membrane. At least one electrode compartment contains at least one means defining a space adapted to receive a p... | 04/18/1989 |
| 4680094 | Method for producing aluminum, aluminum production cell and anode for aluminum electrolysis A method of producing aluminum by electrolysis of alumina which is dissolved in a molten cryolite bath is described which uses a dimensionally stable anode comprising a substrate composed of a conductive ceramic, a cermet, a metal, an alloy, an intermetal... | 07/14/1987 |
| 4614569 | Molten salt electrowinning method, anode and manufacture thereof A method of electrowinning a metal such as aluminum from e.g. a cryolite based melt containing alumina employs an enode having as its operative surface a protective coating which is maintained by the presence of constituents of the coating dissolved in th... | 09/30/1986 |
| 4544457 | Dimensionally stable drained aluminum electrowinning cathode method and apparatus A method and apparatus for making a drained aluminum electrowinning cathode dimensionally stable. A thin, 1/2 to 10 millimeter coating of substantially stagnant molten aluminum is maintained upon the cathode surface by an openly porous sheath or membrane ... | 10/01/1985 |
| 4539083 | Method for preventing degradation in activity of a low hydrogen overvoltage cathode Disclosed is a method for preventing a low hydrogen overvoltage cathode from degradation in activity characterized by adding a reducing agent to a cathode compartment of an electrolytic cell which electrolysis an aqueous alkali metal halide solution. Acco... | 09/03/1985 |
| 4523984 | Treatment of ion-exchange membrane Treating a sheet of ion-exchange membrane in order to decrease the voltage of operation of an electrolytic cell containing the membrane by swelling the membrane in a liquid medium, the extent of swelling on the anode side being greater than the extent of ... | 06/18/1985 |
| 4504369 | Method to improve the performance of non-consumable anodes in the electrolysis of metal In the electrolytic production of metal employing nonconsumable anodes, the performance of these anodes is improved by adding predetermined measured amounts of anode constituent materials to the electrolyte melt in a controlled manner in order to control ... | 03/12/1985 |
| 4470890 | Method for preventing cathode corrosion A method is provided for preventing the dissolution of transition metal-based cathodes used in chlor-alkali diaphragm cells by adding a small amount of a corrosion inhibitor, such as sodium silicate or trisodium phosphate, to the electrolytic solution dur... | 09/11/1984 |
| 4436599 | Method for making a cathode, and method for lowering hydrogen overvoltage in a chloralkali cell The invention provides an improved process for making an iron-activated cathode for a chloralkali cell, and an improved method for lowering the operating voltage of a chloralkali electrolysis cell, which comprises adding to the cathode compartment of the ... | 03/13/1984 |
| 4434041 | Method for conditioning carboxylate/sulfonate composite membranes for producing KOH A procedure for conditioning new composite laminated membranes in chlor-alkali cells producing KOH, said membrane being comprised of a laminated composite made from individual perfluorosulfonyl and perfluorocarboxylic acid layers, so that said membrane wi... | 02/28/1984 |
| 4416744 | Process of electrolytically producing oxyacids of chlorine This invention relates to a process of producing oxyacids of chlorine or salts of such acids by an electrolysis of salt solutions which are contaminated with calcium and/or magnesium or of sea water. In such processes, deposits or crusts are formed on the... | 11/22/1983 |
| 4381230 | Operation and regeneration of permselective ion-exchange membranes in brine electrolysis cells Methods of membrane regeneration of permselective ion-exchange membranes of a brine electrolysis cell are greatly improved when the cells are fed brine which contains little or no carbon dioxide, carbonate anions or bicarbonate anions during normal electr... | 04/26/1983 |
| 4379035 | Method of operating an electrolytic cell Discloses a method of operating a chlor-alkali cell having a low hydrogen overvoltage cathode and exposed high hydrogen overvoltage metal structure within the cathode compartment, where a composition of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate is added to the c... | 04/05/1983 |
| 4358353 | Method for extending cathode life A method is provided for extending the life of transition metal-based cathodes used in chlor-alkali diaphragm cells by adding a small amount of a reducing agent, such as Na2 SO3 or urea, to the electrolytic solution during periods of... | 11/09/1982 |
