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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7396442 | Electrochemical oxygen generator module assembly An ionically conductive ceramic element includes a central unit (703). The central unit (703) is composed of a plurality of integrated manifold and tube modules (IMAT) (22) joined end to end along a central axis (A). Each IMAT module (22)... | 07/08/2008 |
| 7384521 | Method for reducing cell voltage and increasing cell stability by in-situ formation of slots in a Soderberg anode A self-baking, Soderberg type carbon anode (40) for use in an aluminum electrolyses cell (1) to form product aluminum (11), where the anode (40) is consumable in molten electrolyte (12) in the cell, the anode having top, bottom and... | 06/10/2008 |
| 7344624 | Reducing power consumption in electro-refining or electro-winning of metal A cathode plate and method for electro-refining or electro-winning of metal. The cathode includes a cathode blade and hanger bar. A quantity of electrically conductive material is wrapped around the hanger bar and along the cathode blade to a position, in use, proxi... | 03/18/2008 |
| RE40035 | Modular ceramic oxygen generator A ceramic oxygen generator is described which is capable of modular construction to permit the oxygen generation capacity to be expanded. An ionically conducted ceramic electrolyte is formed into a series of rows and columns of tubes on a tube support member and lik... | 01/29/2008 |
| 7285193 | Encapsulated cathode hanger bar and method of manufacturing A cathode for use in the refining or winning of metals, typically used in the electro-refining or winning of copper, comprising a substantially flat deposition plate fixedly attached along an upper edge thereof to an elongate hanger bar thereby defining a connection... | 10/23/2007 |
| 7214296 | Anodic structure for mercury cathode electrolytic cells description of the invention Object of the invention is an anodic structure for mercury cathode cells for the industrial electrolysis of sodium chloride. The new structure is constituted by a grid array comprising a multiplicity of vertically disposed and mutually parallel titanium blades, cove... | 05/08/2007 |
| 7132190 | Electrode arrangement for a fuel cell A microreactor for use in an electrode system of a fuel cell includes a filament having a supporting core and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the core, the filament forming an electrode against which a fuel component flows. A membrane is supported on t... | 11/07/2006 |
| 7090760 | Method of reducing spent oxide nuclear fuel into nuclear-fuel metal using LiCl-LiO salt, cathode electrode assembly used in the method, and reduction device including the assembly Disclosed are a method of reducing spent oxides nuclear fuel to nuclear-fuel metal, in which metal oxides are reduced to metals using an electrochemical reduction device with LiCl—Li2O salt as an electrolyte, a cathode electrode assembly used in the met... | 08/15/2006 |
| 6913683 | Method and device for the production of pipe segments from a hollow pipe A method for the production of pipe segments from a pipe (10) in which the pipe (10) is rotated about its longitudinal axis, while an electrode (20) is positioned in the vicinity of the outer surface (11) of the pipe (10) and elect... | 07/05/2005 |
| 6852205 | Water-electrolysis-device-use electrode plate, unit, solid electrolytic membrane unit and electrolytic cell According to the present invention, there is provided an electrode plate for a water electrolysis device, which is formed from a metal plate having such a thickness as to be capable of being press-formed, and which comprises a flat plate portion, and a peripheral ed... | 02/08/2005 |
| 6802947 | Apparatus and method for electro chemical plating using backside electrical contacts An apparatus and method for securing and electrically contacting a substrate on a non-production surface of the substrate. The apparatus includes a substrate holder assembly having a substrate engaging surface formed thereon, the substrate engaging surface being con... | 10/12/2004 |
| 6613201 | Apparatus for treating water by means of an electric field The invention relates to an apparatus for treating water by means of an electric field. An Anode and a cathode are arranged in a treatment chamber. The cathode has a plurality of parallel pins. Seed crystals are deposited on these pins. There are means fo... | 09/02/2003 |
| 6576098 | Metal cathode sheet The present invention relates to a metal cathode sheet as component of cathode equipment for an electrolysis tank for the electrolytic recovery of pure metals, especially copper. The cathode sheet is provided, at its side edges which come into contact wit... | 06/10/2003 |
| 6562226 | Electrochemical machining method An electrochemical machining process gives a workpiece such as a honeycomb panel a 3-dimensional profile form having a varying cross-section perpendicular to an axis of the profile form. In the process an electrode is maintained in a constant position rel... | 05/13/2003 |
| 6527923 | Bifurcated electrode of use in electrolytic cells An electrode of use in electrolytic cells, particularly water electrolyser cells for the production of hydrogen, and comprising an electrically conductive first metal sheet having an electrochemically active gas-evolving planar surface; an electrically co... | 03/04/2003 |
| 6524453 | Electrode assembly The present invention is directed to an electrochemical apparatus comprising of an electrode assembly, an internal reservoir and an internal dryer. The internal dryer consists of a chamber filled with a multitude of balls to create mechanical obstacles re... | 02/25/2003 |
| 6471835 | Clamping device for electrochemical cell The invention relates to an electrode assemblage clamping device for an electrode comprising two parallel, essentially flat and rectangular electrode members, and at least one current supply rod/conductor bar, arranged between and in conductive contact wi... | 10/29/2002 |
| 6312572 | Electrolyzer The present invention provides an ion exchange membrane type electrolyzer, which comprises electrodes at opposed positions via an ion exchange membrane, spacers are mounted in dot-like arrangement on openings of electrode surface to maintain spacing betwe... | 11/06/2001 |
| 6284109 | Spacer mechanism for anodes A spacer mechanism which is used to separate electrodes within an electrowinning process. The spacers have a central body portion which defines the distancing between the electrodes and at least four sloping arms extending from the central body. The arms ... | 09/04/2001 |
| 6224736 | Apparatus and method for forming thin film of zinc oxide The present invention provides an apparatus or a method for forming a thin zinc oxide film on a conductive base member by immersing the conductive base member and a counter electrode in an aqueous solution and supplying a current between the conductive ba... | 05/01/2001 |
| 6217734 | Electroplating electrical contacts An electrodeposition apparatus for depositing material on a surface of a substrate. The electrodeposition apparatus includes at least one contact for laterally contacting the substrate and providing electrical connection to the substrate. The at least one... | 04/17/2001 |
| 6217725 | Method and apparatus for anodizing A resilient dielectric wiper blade is mounted between electrodes and a workpiece, particularly in an anodizing operation, to wipe bubbles of oxygen from the anodic work surface, to remove a surface layer of excessively heated electrolytic solution and rep... | 04/17/2001 |
| 6106680 | Apparatus for forming a copper interconnect A method and apparatus for fabricating electrochemical copper interconnections between the component parts of an integrated circuit on a semiconductor device. A cathodic platter is provided that includes contact pins that contact the surface of a semicond... | 08/22/2000 |
| 6054027 | Edge brush for electrodes A filtering mechanism for especially well suited for corrosive mists which are generated from electro-refining systems. A layer of bristles forming a brush is secured to an electrode within the electro-refining system. As the electro-refining system produ... | 04/25/2000 |
| 5993637 | Electrode structure, electrolytic etching process and apparatus An electrode structure is constituted by a first electrode, and at least one second electrode providing a pair of opposite portions with a prescribed spacing therebetween at which the first electrode is disposed. The electrode structure is suitably used f... | 11/30/1999 |
| 5985113 | Modular ceramic electrochemical apparatus and method of manufacture therefor A ceramic element is provided which can be injection molded from an electrolyte and a binder. The ceramic element includes a tube support portion and a plurality of tubes extending from the tube support portion. The plurality of tubes are arranged in rows... | 11/16/1999 |
| 5871624 | Modular ceramic oxygen generator A ceramic oxygen generator is described which is capable of modular construction to permit the oxygen generation capacity to be expanded. An ionically conducted ceramic electrolyte is formed into a series of rows and columns of tubes on a tube support mem... | 02/16/1999 |
| 5865965 | Apparatus for electrochemical decontamination of radioactive metallic waste An insulating shield plate (1) divides a room of an electrolysis bath (2) into an anode chamber (13) and a cathode chamber (14). An anode (5) is disposed in the anode chamber (13), and a cathode (6), metallic waste (7) and heater (4) are disposed in the c... | 02/02/1999 |
| 5849164 | Cell with blade electrodes and recirculation chamber A cell, particularly a membrane cell, that will generally be oriented in an at least substantially vertical positioning, is provided with an array of blade electrodes. The blade electrodes are Delta shape in cross-section, having a flat back face and forw... | 12/15/1998 |
| 5837120 | Method and apparatus for electrochemical processing A continuous strip is electrochemically processed in an electrolytic processing bath using either a thin flexible or resilient dielectric wiping blade or an open web, plastic mesh to wipe bubbles of gas from the surface, sever dendritic material, if such ... | 11/17/1998 |
| 5837111 | Corrosive mist scrubber A filtering mechanism for especially well suited for corrosive mists which are generated from electro-refining systems. A layer of bristles forming a brush is secured to an electrode within the electro-refining system. As the electro-refining system produ... | 11/17/1998 |
| 5824202 | Electrode for use in membrane electrolyzers The invention concerns an improved electrode particularly useful for electrochemical processes forming gaseous products. The electrode is made of a composite structure comprising a shaped sheet having a profile of the "venetian blind" type, which provides... | 10/20/1998 |
| 5770024 | Electrode for use in membrane electrolyzers The invention concerns an improved electrode particularly useful for electrochemical processes forming gaseous products. The electrode is made of a composite structure comprising a shaped sheet having a profile of the "venetian blind" type, which provides... | 06/23/1998 |
| 5733424 | Electrode with plate-shaped electrode carrier An electrode for an electrochemical cell used in strip coating systems for continuous metal sheets has a plate-shaped electrode carrier, to which activated electrode components are connected mechanically in a detachable manner. The electrode carrier conta... | 03/31/1998 |
| 5660698 | Electrode configuration for gas-forming electrolytic processes in membrane cells or diapragm cells An electrode plate of planar structure contains lamellar electrode elements, with adjacent electrode elements being separated from one another by a gap. For a better escape of the gas from the electrode/membrane area, the lamellar electrode elements are p... | 08/26/1997 |
| 5653857 | Filter press electrolyzer electrode assembly A filter press electrolyzer, such as for use in a chlor-alkali cell, has electrode assemblies which include a pan-shaped structure. The pan members have a planar floor and an upright side around the peripheral edge of the floor. The upright side terminate... | 08/05/1997 |
| 5649355 | Welding electrode with flat blade and related method of manufacture A welding electrode for providing a significant improvement in the detrimental tensile residual stress condition on the root side of welds, especially on the inside wall of piping welds. The electrode has a tungsten alloy blade. The blade is made from she... | 07/22/1997 |
| 5609738 | Electrode cap with integral tank cover for acid mist collection In a tank confined electrolysis process, such as electrowinning or electrorefining, having circulated electroplating solution containing sulfuric acid, a multi-element cover system is applied below the electrode conductor connections and above the surface... | 03/11/1997 |
| 5527441 | Welding electrode with flat blade A welding electrode for providing a significant improvement in the detrimental tensile residual stress condition on the root side of welds, especially on the inside wall of piping welds. The electrode has a tungsten alloy blade. The blade is made from she... | 06/18/1996 |
| 5497091 | Surface mounted pH sensor for cone penetration testing A surface-mounted pH sensor provides continuous pH profiling with depth during standard cone penetration testing (CPT). The pH sensor includes at least two electrodes, one being an antimony electrode and the other being a ceramic electrode. The electrodes... | 03/05/1996 |
