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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8409408 | Apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams An apparatus for electrochemical modification of liquid streams employing an electrolytic cell having an oxidation site defined by an anode, an anode compartment comprising liquid electrolyte anolyte where oxidation is effected, a cathode compartment comprising liqu... | 04/02/2013 |
| 8268137 | Electrochemical processing apparatus and processing method thereof The present invention relates an electrochemical processing apparatus and a processing method thereof. A reciprocating swing unit is used to drive the processing electrode to process a workpiece, and thus simplifying fabrication of the processing electrode, and shor... | 09/18/2012 |
| 7967960 | Fluid-confining apparatus The fluid-confining apparatus includes at least a substrate holder, at least a confining fluid supplying tube, at least a confining fluid recovering tube, at least a process fluid supplying tube, and at least a process fluid recovering tube. The process fluid supply... | 06/28/2011 |
| 7449090 | Electrochemical apparatus with retractable electrode Electrochemical apparatus and methods that support periodic, non-steady state, or discontinuous operation without suffering degradation of materials or loss of efficiency. The invention provides a means for positioning one or more electrodes into contact with electr... | 11/11/2008 |
| 7442282 | Electrolytic processing apparatus and method An electrolytic processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a substrate holder for holding a substrate; a first electrode to make contact with the substrate for passing electricity to a processing surface of the substrate; an e... | 10/28/2008 |
| 7438795 | Electrochemical-mechanical polishing system Provided is a polishing apparatus and polishing pad, intended for polishing a substrate, and designed for improved flow and distribution of a polishing composition to the area of interaction between the pad and substrate. In one aspect, a polishing pad is provided h... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7393439 | Integrated microfeature workpiece processing tools with registration systems for paddle reactors Tools having mounting modules with registration systems are disclosed. The mounting module includes positioning elements for precisely locating a processing chamber and a transport system that moves workpieces to and from the processing chamber. The relative positio... | 07/01/2008 |
| 7350482 | Oxygen producing non-polluting engine A non-polluting engine that produces mechanical, rotary motion, and produces oxygen as a principle gaseous byproduct. The engine employs a fuel mixture that includes two components that together produce oxygen. The fuel mixture is introduced to a combustion chamber ... | 04/01/2008 |
| 7204926 | Tandem blisk electrochemical machining A tandem blisk is mounted in a multiaxis electrochemical machine. A first row of blades is electrochemically machined in sequence. A second row of blades is then electrochemically machined in sequence while the blisk is still mounted in the machine. The machine is i... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7186322 | Methods of producing and polishing semiconductor device and polishing apparatus A method of production and a method of polishing a semiconductor device and a polishing apparatus, capable of easily flattening an initial unevenness of a metal film, excellent in efficiency of removal of an excess metal film, and capable of suppressing damage to an... | 03/06/2007 |
| 7179340 | Rare-earth magnet and manufacturing method thereof and magnet motor The object of the present invention is to provide a rare earth magnet which enables to achieve a good balance between high coercive force and high residual magnetic flux density, and its manufacturing method. The present invention provides a rare earth magnet in whi... | 02/20/2007 |
| 7143887 | Multi-position stop mechanism A multi-stop mechanism for providing multiple stop positions between first and second objects that are movable into and out of contact with one another. The multi-stop mechanism of the present invention includes a housing which secures the multi stop mechanism to th... | 12/05/2006 |
| 7138014 | Electroless deposition apparatus An apparatus and a method of depositing a catalytic layer comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of noble metals, semi-noble metals, alloys thereof, and combinations thereof in sub-micron features formed on a substrate. Examples of noble me... | 11/21/2006 |
| 7112269 | Measuring duct offgas temperatures to improve electrolytic cell energy efficiency Operations in a cell for electrolytic production of aluminum are controlled by establishing a standard rate of addition of aluminum fluoride to a molten electrolyte covered by a crust; establishing a target temperature for a duct carrying offgas from a chamber conta... | 09/26/2006 |
| 7090753 | Electrolytic cell for producing charged anode water suitable for surface cleaning or treatment, and method for producing the same and use of the same The present invention provides an electrolytic cell, which can efficiently produce, charged water having an excellent performance of improving surface cleaning or treatment of an object, e.g., semiconductor, glass, or resin and of cleaning and sterilizing medical de... | 08/15/2006 |
| 7055535 | Holding unit, processing apparatus and holding method of substrates A holding unit holds a substrate to enable a surface of the substrate to be processed. The unit has a vacuum suction member that comes into contact with a peripheral portion of the surface of the substrate and sucks the substrate. A processing apparatus holds the wa... | 06/06/2006 |
| 7014739 | Convex profile anode for electroplating system An electroplating anode including a substantially convex oxidizing surface for oxidation of metal atoms in a semiconductor wafer electroplating process. The electroplating anode of the present invention substantially prolongs the lifetime of the anode and contribute... | 03/21/2006 |
| 6946062 | Electropolish/grinding means for an inner surface of a long tube The present invention is an electropolishing/grinding device for an inner surface of a long tube, including at least one long tube, one electrode, at least two partitions, one fixed magnet mechanism, one driving apparatus and an axial driven mechanism. The fixed mag... | 09/20/2005 |
| 6922886 | APT-1 (anode placement tool-model 1) An apparatus designed for installing anode bracelets upon pipes used in cathodic protection systems. The apparatus includes a pair of grasp booms which hold the anode bracelet during installation of the bracelet around the pipe to be cathodically protected. The gras... | 08/02/2005 |
| 6923900 | Alloy pipes and methods of making same A profiled tube (50b) comprising a high carbon content alloy (greater than 0.3%), superalloy or other high creep strength material, has a fluted bore with internal fins (52b) and intervening valleys or troughs (56b). Such a ... | 08/02/2005 |
| 6923362 | Integral channels in metal components and fabrication thereof An internal channel in a metal body for use in applications where internal fluid flow within a metal body is desired, as in a heat exchanger. The internal channel is formed in the metal body by frictionally stirring with a pin plunged into the metal body, and traver... | 08/02/2005 |
| 6860976 | Electrochemical apparatus with retractable electrode Electrochemical apparatus and methods that support periodic, non-steady state, or discontinuous operation without suffering degradation of materials or loss of efficiency. The invention provides a means for positioning one or more electrodes into contact with electr... | 03/01/2005 |
| 6835299 | Electrochemical machining method and apparatus An electrochemical machining technique involves moving a cathode (2) towards an anodic workpiece (1). A current is passed through an electrolyte which flows between the cathode (2) and workpiece (1) so as to cause material to be removed e... | 12/28/2004 |
| 6830666 | Electroplating apparatus and method An electroplating apparatus is provided with a metal target and a device for supporting a semiconductor wafer (or other workpiece) in an electroplating solution. The target (anode) may be located relatively far from the wafer surface (cathode) at the beginning of th... | 12/14/2004 |
| 6821405 | Device for conveying electrodes used in the electrolytic refining or electrowinning of metals The invention relates to a device for conveying electrodes, used in the electrolytic refining or electrowinning of metals, from one station to another, particularly when the electrodes are conveyed in an essentially perpendicular direction with respect to the line c... | 11/23/2004 |
| 6733638 | Limited use components for an electrochemical device The present invention provides an ozone generating system that combines single-use elements or segments with an extended use fixture that is used to activate the single-use elements. One embodiment of the invention consists of a strip of proton exchange membrane (PE... | 05/11/2004 |
| 6723221 | Insulation assemblies for metal production cells Insulation assemblies provide reduced heat loss from electrolytic metal production cells such as inert anode aluminum production cells. The insulation assemblies may be located at the end, side and/or center aisles of the cell, and may be supported by the anodes and... | 04/20/2004 |
| 6712668 | System and method for electropolishing nonuniform pipes A pipe electropolishing system (10, 10a) for in place polishing of a pipe (28) has provision for detecting the instant position of a cathode (14) within the pipe (28) such as cable marks (52) and cable mark sensor (50... | 03/30/2004 |
| 6712947 | Water purifying apparatus with electric field generator A purifying apparatus for purifying flowing water includes a negative electrode plate disposed on a flowing water bed and a positive electrode plate disposed at an upper face opposite to the negative electrode plate, wherein the positive electrode plate is adapted t... | 03/30/2004 |
| 6679985 | Electrochemical discharge machining device and machining method An electrochemical discharge machining method may include electrolytically machining a tool fed by a three-dimensional tool feeder which can accurately feed a tool in three dimensions. The electrolytic machining may be performed in a current controlled mo... | 01/20/2004 |
| 6673219 | Transverse conveyor for electrodes The invention relates to a transverse conveyor for electrodes used in the production of metals. This transverse conveyor consists of a transfer device, located below the electrodes to be transferred and which device moves back and forth on a horizontal pl... | 01/06/2004 |
| 6666959 | Semiconductor workpiece proximity plating methods and apparatus The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for plating a conductive material on a semiconductor substrate by rotating pad or blade type objects in close proximity to the substrate, thereby eliminating/reducing dishing and voids. This is achiev... | 12/23/2003 |
| 6644920 | Method for providing a curved cooling channel in a gas turbine component as well as coolable blade for a gas turbine component A method of forming a curved cooling channel into a gas turbine component such as a turbine blade uses an electrode in the form of a helix. The electrode is driven to rotate around the central rotational axis of the helix and axially along the central rot... | 11/11/2003 |
| 6599402 | Electro-chemical deposition cell for face-up processing of single semiconductor substrates An apparatus and method for electro-chemically depositing a uniform metal layer onto a substrate is provided. In one aspect, the apparatus includes a cathode connected to the substrate plating surface, an anode disposed above the substrate support member ... | 07/29/2003 |
| 6589402 | Part fabricating apparatus A part fabricating apparatus has a holder for holding an object to be machined immersed in an electrolytic solution. A machining electrode subjects a surface of the object to an electrochemical reaction to electrolytically machine the surface of the objec... | 07/08/2003 |
| 6582578 | Method and associated apparatus for tilting a substrate upon entry for metal deposition An electro-chemical plating system is described. A method is performed by the electro-chemical plating system in which a seed layer formed on a substrate is immersed into an electrolyte solution. In one aspect, a substrate is immersed in the electrochemic... | 06/24/2003 |
| 6562227 | Plunge electromachining An electromachining apparatus includes a mandrel for supporting a workpiece next to a cutter mounted on an arbor. The workpiece is powered as an anode and the cutter is powered as a cathode, and a coolant is circulated therebetween. The cutter is rotated ... | 05/13/2003 |
| 6562223 | Method and apparatus for anodizing objects A method and apparatus of anodizing a component, preferably aluminum, is disclosed. The component is placed in an electrolyte solution. A number of pulses are applied to the solution and component. Each pulse is formed by a pattern including having three ... | 05/13/2003 |
| 6557237 | Removable modular cell for electro-chemical plating and method The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for depositing metal on a substrate. More particularly, one embodiment of the metal deposition cell comprising a cell base, an anode, and a cell top. The cell base at least partially defines an inter... | 05/06/2003 |
| 6554975 | Liquid gasification reactor A reactor includes a housing with an input port for liquid feedstock and an exhaust port for gas produced by a liquid gasification process. The housing includes a pressurized reaction chamber with a pair of spaced apart electrodes having inward free ends ... | 04/29/2003 |
