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A self defense weapon formed as a memo pad and which is easily held by a person's fingers, therefore making it possible to provide protection from a mugger and also to quickly and easily write a record or a message without failure of missing or forgetting significant information under a stressful situation.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7378004 | Pad designs and structures for a versatile materials processing apparatus An apparatus capable of assisting in controlling an electrolyte flow and an electric field distribution used for processing a substrate is provided. It includes a rigid member having a top surface of a predetermined shape and a bottom surface. The rigid member conta... | 05/27/2008 |
| 7374644 | Conductive polishing article for electrochemical mechanical polishing Embodiments of a ball assembly are provided. In one embodiment, a ball assembly includes a housing, a ball, a conductive adapter and a contact element. The housing has an annular seat extending into a first end of an interior passage. The conductive adapter is coupl... | 05/20/2008 |
| 7329335 | Device providing electrical contact to the surface of a semiconductor workpiece during processing Substantially uniform deposition of conductive material on a surface of a substrate, which substrate includes a semiconductor wafer, from an electrolyte containing the conductive material can be provided by way of a particular device which includes first and second ... | 02/12/2008 |
| 7252746 | Electropolishing apparatus and method for medical implants An electropolishing apparatus and method are provided for polishing stents and other medical implants. The apparatus includes a motor that rotates a roller. The roller continuously rotates the medical implant to be electropolished. One of the advantages of the appar... | 08/07/2007 |
| 7238092 | Low-force electrochemical mechanical processing method and apparatus The present invention relates to semiconductor integrated circuit technology and discloses an electrochemical mechanical processing system for uniformly distributing an applied force to a workpiece surface. The system includes a workpiece carrier for positioning or ... | 07/03/2007 |
| 7194505 | Shared information processing system and recording medium The present invention provides a shared information processing system, such that information can be shared between a plurality of clients and a server with a chat system is constructed, and it is possible to acquire from a server or other clients information about f... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7125477 | Contacts for electrochemical processing Systems and methods for electrochemically processing. A contact element defines a substrate contact surface positionable in contact a substrate during processing. In one embodiment, the contact element comprises a wire element. In another embodiment the contact elem... | 10/24/2006 |
| 7118448 | Truing method for grinding wheel, its truing device and grinding machine A method and apparatus are used for truing grindstones. Grinding wheels are arranged in a manner such that the respective grindstone surfaces are disposed apart from each other to define a space therebeween and respective ones of the grindstone surfaces are position... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7074116 | Honing and deburring tool A combination tool for machining a bore has a tool shaft transmitting a rotational movement and an oscillating movement in an axial direction of a bore to be machined with the tool. A horning tool is arranged on the tool shaft, and a deburring tool is arranged on th... | 07/11/2006 |
| 6974525 | Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece An electrochemical planarization apparatus for planarizing a metallized surface on a workpiece includes a polishing pad and a platen. The platen is formed of conductive material, is disposed proximate to the polishing pad and is configured to have a negative charge ... | 12/13/2005 |
| 6939457 | Contact-discharge truing/dressing method and device therefor A contact-discharge truing/dressing method and a device therefor, capable of very simply conducting truing/dressing of a superabrasive grindstone, especially a superabrasive grindstone having a metal binder. The contact-discharge truing/dressing method brings a rota... | 09/06/2005 |
| 6935003 | Compound fabrication process and apparatus A miniature machine tool for micro-machining is capable of performing on a workpiece at least one conventional mechanical machining operation and another micro-machining operation such as electrochemical machining (ECM), electro deposit machining (EDM), micro-millin... | 08/30/2005 |
| 6902659 | Method and apparatus for electro-chemical mechanical deposition The present invention deposits a conductive material from an electrolyte solution to a predetermined area of a wafer. The steps that are used when making this application include applying the conductive material to the predetermined area of the wafer using an electr... | 06/07/2005 |
| 6736952 | Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece An electrochemical planarization apparatus for planarizing a metallized surface on a workpiece includes a polishing pad and a platen. The platen is formed of conductive material, is disposed proximate to the polishing pad and is configured to have a negative charge ... | 05/18/2004 |
| 6706158 | Electrochemical mechanical planarization The present invention discloses an apparatus having a platen; a polishing pad disposed over the platen; a slurry dispenser disposed over the polishing pad; a cathode connected electrically to the polishing pad; a wafer carrier disposed over the polishing pad; | 03/16/2004 |
| 6630059 | Workpeice proximity plating apparatus The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for plating a conductive material on a semiconductor substrate by rotating pad or blade type objects in close proximity to the substrate, thereby eliminating/reducing dishing and voids. This is achiev... | 10/07/2003 |
| 6562227 | Plunge electromachining An electromachining apparatus includes a mandrel for supporting a workpiece next to a cutter mounted on an arbor. The workpiece is powered as an anode and the cutter is powered as a cathode, and a coolant is circulated therebetween. The cutter is rotated ... | 05/13/2003 |
| 6531037 | Removable electrode There is disclosed a removable electrode for electrolytic dressing grinding in which the electrode is disposed opposite to a processing surface of a conductive grinding wheel via a gap, a conductive liquid is passed through between the electrode and the c... | 03/11/2003 |
| 6464855 | Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece An electrochemical planarization apparatus for planarizing a metallized surface on a workpiece includes a platen, a conductive element disposed adjacent the platen and a polishing surface disposed adjacent the conductive element. A workpiece carrier is co... | 10/15/2002 |
| 6328872 | Method and apparatus for plating and polishing a semiconductor substrate The present invention provides a method and apparatus that plates/deposits a conductive material on a semiconductor substrate and then polishes the same substrate. This is achieved by providing multiple chambers in a single apparatus, where one chamber ca... | 12/11/2001 |
| 6217725 | Method and apparatus for anodizing A resilient dielectric wiper blade is mounted between electrodes and a workpiece, particularly in an anodizing operation, to wipe bubbles of oxygen from the anodic work surface, to remove a surface layer of excessively heated electrolytic solution and rep... | 04/17/2001 |
| 6143156 | Electroplating method and apparatus The present invention provides an improved method for electroplating metallic ions onto a conductive substrate. In one embodiment, the method comprises at least partially covering a selected surface of the conductive substrate with an electrode wrap that ... | 11/07/2000 |
| 5667646 | Dressing apparatus A dressing apparatus comprises at least two electrode pieces each having an arcuate inner surface and being arranged around a grinding stone to define a gap therebetween. A gap adjusting mechanism adjusts the gap between the arcuate inner surface of each ... | 09/16/1997 |
| 5587064 | Waste water purification process and apparatus For the purification of heavy metal-containing wastewater, a process according to the invention deposits heavy metal deposits on a cathode or cathodes which are mechanically removed. For this purpose the invention provides an apparatus having a device for... | 12/24/1996 |
| 5462649 | Method and apparatus for electrolytic plating A resilient dielectric wiper blade is mounted between a cathodic workpiece and an anode to wipe bubbles of hydrogen from the surface, sever dendritic material, if such is present as the coating thickens, and to remove a surface layer of partially depleted... | 10/31/1995 |
| 5453174 | Method and apparatus for depositing hard chrome coatings by brush plating Thick layers of hard dense chromium coatings are formed on metal substrates by an electrolytic brush plating operation in which a lead-tin anode is closely positioned to a cathodic workpiece in full anode wrap relationship and the surface of the cathodic ... | 09/26/1995 |
| 5288382 | Optical fine processing apparatus An optical fine processing apparatus for forming a structure having a high aspect ratio even on a workpiece having high heat conductivity. Light, such as a laser beam, is irradiated onto the workpiece in an electrolytic solution through a light guide to d... | 02/22/1994 |
| 5246555 | Work bed for a grinding apparatus This invention relates to a work bed for a grinding apparatus provided with a work table (9) which moves in a direction of X-axis and in a direction of Y-axis, comprising X-axis and Y-axis set to an upper surface of the work table (9), and a conductive dr... | 09/21/1993 |
| 5194126 | Method and device for dressing grinding wheels The invention relates to a method and a device for the electroerosive dressing of grinding wheels having an electrically conductive bond. The dressing tool comprises a cylindrical electrode pair divided into two, the electrodes (2, 3) of which have a diff... | 03/16/1993 |
| 5110428 | Process and apparatus for double-sided chemomechanical polishing of semiconductor wafers and semiconductor wafers obtainable thereby Semiconductor wafers, in particular, silicon wafers, with differently poled front and rear sides and high geometrical quality can be fabricated by double-sided polishing if the wafer surfaces are differently polarized during the polishing process. This c... | 05/05/1992 |
| 5108561 | Method of dressing, dressing system and dressing electrode for conductive grindstone A method of dressing for a conductive grindstone, a dressing system for this method and a dressing electrode used in this method. According to the preferred embodiment, this method comprises reciprocating a dressing electrode, which is formed of a metal h... | 04/28/1992 |
| 5100528 | Continuous silver refining cell A continuous silver refining cell comprises a tank containing an electrolyte, at least one vertical cathode disk mounted on a rotating horizontal shaft placed above the tank so that slightly less than half of the disk is immersed in the electrolyte, at le... | 03/31/1992 |
| 5091067 | Method and an apparatus for machining optical components An apparatus and a method of machining optical components such as lens is disclosed. The apparatus comprises an optical raw stock or material, a rotatable holding shaft for holding the optical raw stock, a machining tool having a machining surface thereof... | 02/25/1992 |
| 5071525 | Method of grinding lenses and apparatus therefor A method of grinding a lens and an apparatus therefor during dependent machining in which an electrically conductive grinding tool which rotates and a workpiece slide in close contact with each other on the work surface of the electrically conductive grin... | 12/10/1991 |
| 5045161 | Method and apparatus for electrolytically assisting the mechanical shaping of a workpiece A method and apparatus for electrolytically assisting the mechanical shaping of a workpiece is provided which is particularly useful for precision machining. A tool is used comprising an electrically conductive (copper alloy) tool shank, a cutting tool of... | 09/03/1991 |
| 5032238 | Method of and apparatus for electropolishing and grinding A method of electropolishing and grinding the both surfaces of a circular workpiece comprises polishing and grinding the both surfaces of a circular workpiece with a pair of grindingstones which are so arranged as to oppose the polishing/grinding surfaces... | 07/16/1991 |
| 4839005 | Electrolytic-abrasive polishing method of aluminum surface In a method of fabricating an aluminum surface for applying mirror-smooth fabrication to the surface of aluminum or aluminum alloy by combining an electrolytic anode dissolving effect to the surface and a polishing effect of removing the protruded portion... | 06/13/1989 |
| 4830719 | Method for etching piston rings A method for the etching of chromium-coated piston rings comprises the steps of producing relative movement and rubbing contact between the chromium-coated surface of a piston ring which is anodic and a cathode having a porous material on the rubbing surf... | 05/16/1989 |
| 4713149 | Method and apparatus for electroplating objects The invention relates to a method and apparatus for electroplating an object using a carbon fiber material as the anode and wherein during the plating operation relative motion is maintained between the object to be plated and the anode.... | 12/15/1987 |
| 4641007 | Process and device for treatment of metal-bonded nonconductive materials A rotating electrode tool made of polycrystalline synthetic diamonds in a metal foundation is used in the electro-erosive machining and mechanical grinding of a metal bonded, electrically non-conductive hard material such as synthetic diamonds or boron ni... | 02/03/1987 |
