In 1608, Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lipperhey filed the first patent for a working telescope. The patent was denied.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7282120 | UV-activated chlorination process A method of producing alkanes containing chlorine by addition of chlorine to C—C double bonds or C—C triple bonds or by exchange of hydrogen for chlorine by contacting the starting compound in the gas or liquid phase with elemental chlorine and irradiating the r... | 10/16/2007 |
| 7179949 | Process for obtaining a purified hydrofluoroalkane Process for obtaining a hydrofluoroalkane which is purified of organic impurities, according to which the hydrofluoroalkane containing organic impurities is subjected to at least one purification treatment chosen from (a) a treatment with chlorine in th... | 02/20/2007 |
| 6702929 | Purification of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane In the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (R-365mfc), a mixture of R-365mfc and the impurity 1,1,1,3-tetrafluoro-2-butene (R-1354mzy) is purified and R-1354mzy is removed from the mixture by contacting the mixture with 1-5 mols of chlorine for each ... | 03/09/2004 |
| 6541677 | Photochemical system and method for the removal of PCDD or PCDF compounds from industrial process emissions A photochemical process for removing or minimizing the concentration of PCDD or PCDF compounds within an industrial gas stream. The process includes the gas phase of PCDD or PCDF compounds. Light within a particular spectral range is irradiated into the g... | 04/01/2003 |
| 6398922 | Photochemical gas-liquid process for halogenating alkylbenzenes The invention provides a process for carrying out a photochemical gas-liquid process for halogenating alkylbenzenes, the process being carried out in a photochemical gas-liquid reactor comprising a vessel, a central source of radiation, a gas distributor,... | 06/04/2002 |
| 6265628 | Process for the continuous preparation of mono- and/or bis(mono-and/or di-and/or trichloromethyl) benzenes In a process for the continuous preparation of mono- and/or bis(mono- and/or di- and/or trichloromethyl) benzenes by gradual chlorination of the corresponding mono-or dimethylbenzenes in several reactors in cascade, the first reactor has a greater volume ... | 07/24/2001 |
| 6203670 | Method for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group Provided is a process for grafting a substituted difluoromethyl group onto a compound bearing at least one electrophilic substituent, comprising (i) contacting the compound bearing at least one electrophilic substituent with a nucleophilic reagent which c... | 03/20/2001 |
| 6203671 | Method of producing fluorinated compounds A process for preparing a fluorinated product comprising: (a) reacting a molar excess of an aliphatic starting compound in liquid phase with fluorine in the presence of actinic radiation to produce a product mixture containing a fluorinated product having... | 03/20/2001 |
| 6179972 | Two stage process and apparatus for photocatalytic and catalytic conversion of contaminants A process comprises passing a contaminated gaseous stream through a photocatalytic stage and, thereafter, through a catalytic stage.... | 01/30/2001 |
| 6179970 | Process for the preparation of fluoro compounds from the corresponding amines Compounds containing a primary amino group are converted into compounds containing a fluorine atom in place of the amino group by reaction of the amino compound with hydrogen fluoride and a nitrosating reagent under the influence of ultrasound or microwav... | 01/30/2001 |
| 6156163 | Reactant, compound and process for the perfluoroalkylation of the nucleophile, and the derivatives obtained A reagent comprising a compound of formula (I): Rf --M(X) (Z)n --Y--R, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical advantageously having at most 10 carbon atoms and being selected from alkyls and aryls; Rf is a radical of formula I... | 12/05/2000 |
| 5944962 | Process for photochlorination An improvement in the process for the photochlorination of liquid mixtures of 2 to 6 carbon-containing aliphatic hydrofluorohalocarbons or hydrofluorocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light is disclosed. The improvement comprises using... | 08/31/1999 |
| 5866752 | Destruction of volatile organic carbons A method for removing VOCs from a gas stream comprising irradiating the gas stream in intimate contact with a semiconductor catalyst under laminar flow conditions. The catalyst can be chosen from a wide range of semiconductor materials, including naturall... | 02/02/1999 |
| 5821393 | Process for the preparation of aromatic bromoalkyl-substituted hydrocarbon compounds The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aromatic bromoalkyl-substituted hydrocarbon compound, in which an alkyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon compound is reacted with a brominating agent in the presence of water.... | 10/13/1998 |
| 5750010 | Process for photochlorination An improvement in the process for the photochlorination of liquid mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and unsaturated hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light is disclosed. The improvement comprises using ultraviolet light emitted from an ultraviolet light... | 05/12/1998 |
| 5736012 | Process for the preparation of a fluorinated acid A process for the preparation of a fluorinated acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, including admixing an hydrofluorocarbon, such as 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, with chlorine, an oxidizing agent and an additive to prevent or minimize decomposition; and irradiati... | 04/07/1998 |
| 5705779 | Preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane by photochlorination of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane A process for the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (HCC-240fa). HCC-240fa is prepared by the photochlorination of 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane (HCC-250). HCC-240fa is an important intermediate in the preparation of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane ... | 01/06/1998 |
| 5698829 | Photodegradation of toxic contaminants A process is provided herein for extracting organic toxic contaminants including pentachlorophenol, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, from wood, e.g., utility poles, fence posts, or railway ties. The process comprises e... | 12/16/1997 |
| 5663543 | Method for producing a polyfluoropropionyl halide A method for producing a polyfluoropropionyl halide, which is characterized by oxidizing at least one dichloropentafluoropropane selected from 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane and 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane by oxygen under irradiat... | 09/02/1997 |
| 5569782 | Process for preparing polyfluorochlorocarbonyl chlorides and perfluorocarbonyl chlorides with addition of chlorine A process for preparing polyfluorochloro- and perfluorocarbonyl chlorides, for example for preparing perfluoropropionyl chloride, chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride or trifluoroacetyl chloride, in which starting materials are employed which have a CHCl2 | 10/29/1996 |
| 5545298 | Process for preparing polyfluorocarboxylic acid chlorides and perfluorocarboxylic acid chlorides A process for preparing compounds corresponding to the formula RCFXC(O)Cl, in which X is fluorine or chlorine and R is fluorine or a perfluorinated C1- C10-alkyl group, preferably chlorodifluoroacetyl chloride, by photochemical oxidation of R122 (CF2... | 08/13/1996 |
| 5514254 | Procedure for the photochlorination of alkyl-aromatic compounds An alkyl-aromatic compound is selectively photochlorinated in the side chain in a cyclic reaction system wherein said compound is continuously circulated between a container and photochlorination reactor. The compound is partially chlorinated after each passag... | 05/07/1996 |
| 5486275 | Nitrogen-containing perfluoroalkyl bromide and method for production thereof A nitrogen-containing perfluoroalkyl bromide, a novel compound to the art, is represented by the formula, ##STR1## wherein Rf1 and Rf2 independently stand for a perfluoroalkyl group of one to five carbon atoms, provided that Rf | 01/23/1996 |
| 5421971 | Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons and methods for producing the same A process for the preparation of compounds of the formula, F(CF2)a CC12 CC12 (CF2)b F where a and b are the same or different and are each an integer ࣙ1 (including the novel compound CF | 06/06/1995 |
| 5378333 | Halogenated polycarboxycubanes The disclosure describes photochemical synthesis of halogenated polycarboxycubanes from simple carboxycubanes and an oxalyl halide. It is possible to synthesize 6-Chloro-1,2,4,7-tetracarbomethoxycubane and 2-Chloro-1,3,5,7-tetracarbomethoxycubane. Photoch... | 01/03/1995 |
| 5354439 | Process for the synthesis of fluorinated derivatives A process for the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds and a reagent suitable for use in the process. The process is carried out by exchange with fluorides, while preferably agitating the reaction medium with ultrasonic sound.... | 10/11/1994 |
| 5350497 | Production of perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers) Disclosed herein is a process for making perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ethers) by fluorination with elemental fluorine of selected novel partially fluorinated (di)chloroethyl ethers, followed by dehalogenation to the corresponding perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether). Th... | 09/27/1994 |
| 5279719 | Method for chlorination of methylated aromatic compounds A process for chlorination of methylated aromatic compounds in a titanium tetrachloride is disclosed. The ring chlorination is first carried out by reacting said methylated aromatic compounds with chlorine gas under reduced light conditions, and then the ... | 01/18/1994 |
| 5262025 | Telechelic telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene and method for preparing same Iodine terminated liquid telechelic telomers of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) containing an average of more than 1 CTFE unit per molecule are novel compounds. The telomers can be prepared by a photochemically initiated reaction between liquified CTFE and... | 11/16/1993 |
| 5259938 | Process for omega-halo-perfluoro acid chlorides A liquid phase process for preparing ω-haloperfluoroacid chlorides by the photo oxidation of polyfluoroalkyl mono- and di-chloromethanes in the presence of chlorine using light wavelengths greater than 280 nm.... | 11/09/1993 |
| 5258110 | Process for preparing peroxidic perfluoropolyethers A process is disclosed for preparing peroxidic perfluoropolyethers containing perfluoroalkylenoxy units (CF2 --CF2 O) and (CF2 O), which is characterized in that tetrafluoroethylene and oxygen are reacted in a solvent at a... | 11/02/1993 |
| 5240574 | Process for the photochemical production of halogen compounds The present invention provides a process for the photochemical production of compounds of the general formula: R--(C2 R4 ')n --X by telomerisation of an alkyl halide R--X as telogen and of an olefin C2 R4 ... | 08/31/1993 |
| 5235119 | Nitrocubanes An efficient direct functionalization of nitrocubanes has been achieved by irradiation of a solution in an oxalyl halide to yield halogenated and halocarbonylated derivatives of nitrocubanes.... | 08/10/1993 |
| 5233075 | Process for the preparation of aromatic carboxylic acid esters A process comprising preparing an aromatic carboxylic ester and an alkyl iodide by carboxylating an aromatic iodide in the presence of an alkylating agent and a catalytic amount of a transition metal under aromatic carboxylic ester and alkyl iodide formin... | 08/03/1993 |
| 5214222 | Nitrocubanes An efficient direct functionalization of nitrocubanes has been achieved by rradiation of a solution in an oxalyl halide to yield halogenated and halocarbonylated derivatives of nitrocubanes.... | 05/25/1993 |
| 5214221 | Nitrocubanes An efficient direct functionalization of nitrocubanes has been achieved by rradiation of a solution in an oxalyl halide to yield halogenated and halocarbonylated derivatives of nitrocubanes.... | 05/25/1993 |
| 5205914 | Synthesis of desflurane An improved preparation of desflurane, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether utilizing hexafluoropropene epoxide as a starting material. Hexafluoropropene epoxide is advantageous in that it is relatively inexpensive and is environmentally acceptab... | 04/27/1993 |
| 5185474 | Synthesis of fluorinated dimethyl ethers A novel process is disclosed for the synthesis of fluorinated dimethyl ethers of the formula CF2 HOCClX FY H3-(X+Y) wherein X and Y are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3 and wherein the total X+Y is 2 or 3. The pr... | 02/09/1993 |
| 5143589 | Perfluoropolyethers containing a halogen different from fluorine and having an acid end group Perfluoropolyethers having an acid end group of the type of acyl fluoride (or chloride) or a carboxylic group or derivatives thereof, the other end group being a perfluoroalkyl containing one or two halogen atoms different from fluorine, are prepared by p... | 09/01/1992 |
| 5104503 | Photochemical dimerization of organic compounds At least one of selectivity and reaction rate of photosensitized vapor phase dimerizations, including dehydrodimerizations, hydrodimerizations and cross-dimerizations of saturated and unsaturated organic compounds is improved by conducting the dimerizatio... | 04/14/1992 |