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...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.

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Class 148/582 - Treating with specified agent (e.g., heat exchange agent, protective agent, decarburizing agent, denitriding agent, etc.) or vacuum


Subclass of Class 148 - Metal treatment
Definition: Process under 581 wherein a vacuum or a treating agent (e.g.,
No. of patents: 8
Last issue date: 08/03/2004


NumberTitleIssue Date
6770155Method for heat-treating profiled rolling stock
A process for the manufacture of a railroad rail of a steel alloy having a pearlitic microstructure. The rail is is shaped at a reduction rate of 1.8 to 8% and aligned straight in its longitudinal direction at a temperature between 770° C. and 1050° C., whereafter...
08/03/2004
6547897Procedure for the thermal treatment of rails
A method for the thermal treatment of rails, in particular of the rail head, in which cooling is carried out in a cooling agent that contains a synthetic cooling agent additive starting at temperatures above 720° C. The treatment is carried out by immers...
04/15/2003
6406569Procedure for the thermal treatment of rails
A method for the thermal treatment of rails, in particular of the rail head, in which cooling is carried out in a cooling agent that contains a synthetic cooling agent additive, starting at temperatures above 720° C. The treatment is carried out by immer...
06/18/2002
6228321Box annealing furnace method for annealing metal sheet using the same and annealed metal sheet
A box annealing furnace for annealing a metal sheet includes an oxygen removal unit for removing oxygen from the atmosphere in a box annealing furnace, with a gas circulation system for withdrawing atmosphere from the box annealing furnace during annealin...
05/08/2001
5910343Device at railway wheels and method for obtaining said device
The present invention relates to a device for improving the adhesitivity of surface refined parts (6) to the body (7) of railway wheels (1), which surface refined parts (6) have been produced by treating the railway wheel (1) with high energy generated pr...
06/08/1999
5486245Method for raising welded rail connections lying below the traveling surface on railroad tracks
Method for raising rail joint welds lying below the traveling surface on railroad tracks by heating the weld by means of an aluminothermic mixture which solidifies after reacting, wherein a) the aluminothermic mixture (21) is used in an amount measured in...
01/23/1996
5306361Method for improving service life of rail welds by aluminothermic heat treatment
In the heat treatment in the field of a thermite weld between rail ends, the rail ends and the weld are enclosed within a containment filled with an aluminothermic material mixture. The mixture is ignited and the rail ends and the thermite weld are heat-t...
04/26/1994
5183519Method for quenching railway rail heads
A method of air quenching a railway rail with an apparatus develops a pearlite microstructure in the head of the longitudinally travelling rail as it travels under the apparatus. A primary air chamber at a controlled pressure provides air to the top and s...
02/02/1993
 
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