A self defense weapon formed as a memo pad and which is easily held by a person's fingers, therefore making it possible to provide protection from a mugger and also to quickly and easily write a record or a message without failure of missing or forgetting significant information under a stressful situation.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8042517 | Fuel property detector for internal combustion engine A fuel property detector for an internal combustion engine determines a cetane number with high accuracy even when a high-cetane fuel is used. The fuel property detector includes a cylinder pressure detection device; ignition delay time calculating device for... | 10/25/2011 |
| 7861690 | Device and method for controlling internal combustion engine The internal combustion engine has a valve driving mechanism (VM) capable of changing the valve-opening characteristic of at least one of an intake valve (Vi) and an exhaust valve (Ve), an in-cylinder pressure sensor for detecting the in-cylinder pressure in a combu... | 01/04/2011 |
| 7438049 | System for determining the start of combustion in an internal combustion engine The start of the combustion (CRK) of a mixture in a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is determined in accordance with a pressure (pc) that is measured in the combustion chamber. ... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7406931 | Control apparatus for internal combustion engine An internal combustion engine is provided with a plurality of valves, including a main driving valve and a driven valve, each of which can be lifted in response to an instruction from a control apparatus, and a lift sensor which detects a lift amount of the main dri... | 08/05/2008 |
| 7347185 | Unit and method for controlling internal combustion engines An internal combustion engine (1) generates power by burning a mixture of fuel and air in a combustion chamber (3). The internal combustion engine (1) is provided with a crank angle sensor (14), an in-cylinder pressure sensor (15) ... | 03/25/2008 |
| 7320308 | Method of cylinder pressure sensor data/angle capture for low and high resolution A method/system for measuring cylinder pressures of an internal combustion engine includes a crank angle sensor utilized to generate pressure readings at known angular intervals. Additional time-based pressure measurements are taken in selected angular windows betwe... | 01/22/2008 |
| 7277790 | Combustion diagnostic for active engine feedback control This invention detects the crank angle location where combustion switches from premixed to diffusion, referred to as the transition index, and uses that location to define integration limits that measure the portions of heat released during the combustion process th... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7275514 | Method of HCCI and SI combustion control for a direct injection internal combustion engine The present invention relates to methods for robust controlled auto-ignition and spark ignited combustion controls in gasoline direct-injection engines, including transients, using either exhaust re-breathing or a combination of exhaust re-compression and re-breathi... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7267103 | Ignition timing control system for internal combustion engine An ignition timing control system for internal combustion engines, which is capable of preventing occurrence of variation in engine speed and vibrations which can be caused due to variation in combustion state between the cylinders, to thereby improve drivability. T... | 09/11/2007 |
| 7212909 | Ignition timing control for internal combustion engine An internal combustion engine (1) causes an air/fuel mixture in a cylinder to combust due to ignition by a spark plug (14). The engine controller (50) calculates a temperature and pressure in the cylinder on the basis of the operating state of t... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7185632 | Internal combustion engine and method of operating the same An internal combustion engine (20) has a cylinder (1) wherein a piston (2) is mounted. The piston (2) drives a crankshaft (10) which is rotatably journalled in a crankcase (11). The piston (2) delimits a combustion ch... | 03/06/2007 |
| 7177755 | Apparatus for controlling engine rotation stop by estimating kinetic energy stop position A control apparatus for an engine increases an intake air quantity just before engine stop to increase a compression pressure in a compression stroke. As the compression pressure is increased, a negative torque in the compression stroke increases and obstructs engin... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7133766 | Engine combustion state detection device A rotation angle sensor detects the rotation speed of a crankshaft of an engine. An ECU extracts a first frequency component synchronized with combustion cycles of the engine that is contained in a rotation speed signal obtained by the detection of the rotation angl... | 11/07/2006 |
| 7121260 | Ignition timing control apparatus for engine An ignition timing control apparatus for an engine includes a controller that sets an ignition timing considering a change of a temperature or a pressure in a combustion chamber at a time when an opening/closing characteristic of an intake valve is changed, the open... | 10/17/2006 |
| 7073485 | Engine management An engine management system for an internal combustion engine, which has at least one cylinder pressure sensor and at least one engine actuator, includes a data processor arranged to receive and process cylinder pressure data from the cylinder pressure sensor and th... | 07/11/2006 |
| 7049729 | Amplifier converting charge signal A positive charge of a sensor element is charged in a signal converting circuit, is converted into a positive voltage, and is outputted. When the polarity of the charge of the sensor element is inverted to the negative and an output of the signal converting circuit ... | 05/23/2006 |
| 7020554 | Method of regulating or controlling a cyclically operating internal combustion engine A method of regulating or controlling a cyclically operating internal combustion engine using a computation model by which the cycle or portions of the cycle of the internal combustion engine is, or are, divided into individual parts and the operating condition with... | 03/28/2006 |
| 7003391 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine In an internal combustion engine (10), exhaust gas leaves a combustion chamber (14) via at least one outlet valve (36) which is opened by an actuator after termination of a working stroke. A pressure value is determined, which characterizes the ... | 02/21/2006 |
| 6980903 | Exhaust gas control using a spark plug ionization signal This feature of the present invention comprises a method and apparatus to reduce NOx emissions in an internal combustion engine. This feature of the present invention uses a closed loop control of the exhaust gas re-circulation to provide the engine with the either ... | 12/27/2005 |
| 6964257 | Method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine A method and device for controlling an internal combustion engine. A first variable is predefined on the basis of a signal of a combustion chamber pressure sensor or a structure-borne noise sensor. This first variable characterizes the combustion process in the comb... | 11/15/2005 |
| 6948478 | Device for controlling internal combustion engines A device for controlling an internal combustion engine, comprising a variable valve mechanism for varying opening areas (valve lift) or the working angles (valve-opening periods) of at least either the intake valves or the exhaust valves, wherein a pressure in the c... | 09/27/2005 |
| 6945230 | Method for eliminating detonation in an engine A method eliminates detonation in an internal combustion engine (10) by identifying conditions that identify the imminence thereof. The method centers about the pressure inside the cylinder (16) of the internal combustion engine (10). The method... | 09/20/2005 |
| 6931836 | Method for NOx reduction of externally-ignited, explosion, internal combustion engines In a method for reducing NOx in the exhaust gas of an externally ignited, explosion-type internal combustion engine that is operated at a lean fuel/air ratio of λ>1 and has a motor control device for controlling λ, the λ value is slidingly controlled a... | 08/23/2005 |
| 6827063 | Method and device for establishment of a signal pattern based on crank angle of internal combustion engine For the establishment of a crank-angle based signal pattern with high discrimination representing a relevant working characteristic of an internal combustion engine, the working characteristic is detected with high time discrimination and with the aid of a time-base... | 12/07/2004 |
| 6827061 | Method in connection with engine control This invention relates to a method in connection with engine control, wherein a combustion feedback signal is derived by measuring one or more combustion related parameters during a chosen time period of a first combustion cycle, for control of a possible fault, whe... | 12/07/2004 |
| 6820592 | Method and apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine A method and an apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine are described. At least one sensor serves to detect a first variable that characterizes the pressure in the combustion chamber of at least one cylinder. A second variable, which characterizes th... | 11/23/2004 |
| 6805099 | Wavelet-based artificial neural net combustion sensing A method and apparatus for real-time measurement of combustion characteristics of each combustion event in each individual cylinder coupled with an ability to control the engine based upon the combustion characteristics are shown. The invention includes using select... | 10/19/2004 |
| 6739295 | Compression ignition internal combustion engine It is an object of the present invention to provide a compression ignition internal combustion engine capable of making compatible an increase in compression self-ignition operating area with an optimum output torque control in the operating area and also smoothly s... | 05/25/2004 |
| 6732709 | Dynamic engine timing control A method and apparatus for controlling timing of an internal combustion engine having a piston located in a cylinder. The method and apparatus includes determining a first angular position of a crankshaft at a first location along a longitudinal axis of the cranksha... | 05/11/2004 |
| 6659081 | Arrangement for mounting a sparkplug of an internal combustion engine The arrangement for mounting a sparkplug of an internal combustion engine includes mounting the sparkplug so that all of the outside electrodes are arranged at an intake port side area and/or an exhaust port side area. Alternatively, in the case where at ... | 12/09/2003 |
| 6644274 | Apparatus for detecting a condition of burning in an internal combustion engine An apparatus for detecting a condition of the burning in an internal combustion engine includes a burning-parameter controlling device for controlling a burning parameter operating on the burning in the internal combustion engine. A burning-condition dete... | 11/11/2003 |
| 6502549 | Engine combustion control device A combustion control device for an internal combustion engine, establishes an optimum combustion condition by detecting the combustion pressure in the cylinder and controlling the exhaust gas reflux rate, the ignition timing and the fuel injection timing ... | 01/07/2003 |
| 6425371 | Controller for internal combustion engine A controller for an internal combustion engine is disclosed that improves drivability by always stabilizing combustion. A combustion state is detected based on an engine speed fluctuation every cylinder, and whether combustion is stable is determined. Whe... | 07/30/2002 |
| 6425372 | Method of controlling generation of nitrogen oxides in an internal combustion engine A method of controlling generation of nitrogen oxides in an internal combustion engine is provided with the steps of: combusting a fuel and air mixture within a combustion cylinder; determining a pressure in the combustion cylinder and a position of a pis... | 07/30/2002 |
| 6408819 | Method for controlling and regulating combustion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine A method for controlling and regulating the combustion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, at least one knock sensor detecting a cylinder-specific knocking signal for each cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the knocking si... | 06/25/2002 |
| 6308670 | System and method for valve timing A valve timing system and method 10 is provided which automatically compensates for variations in the compression ratios of cylinders 12 of an internal combustion engine 30. Valve timing system 10 includes a controller 24 and actuators 26, 28 which select... | 10/30/2001 |
| 6293246 | Spark-assist type self-ignition engine An engine comprising a spark plug and a fuel injector in a combustion chamber and a temperature sensor used to judge if the gas temperature in the combustion chamber is a temperature at which self-ignition occurs when a spark is generated. Based on this j... | 09/25/2001 |
| 6138654 | Piezoelectric ignition and sensing device A spark plug comprising a piezoelectric element that strains with the increase in pressure in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and methods of making and using such a spark plug. The strain on the element generates a voltage across the poles ... | 10/31/2000 |
| 5987373 | Diagnostic apparatus and method for detecting noise on a combustion sensor feedback system A method for detecting noise on a conductive path utilized for conducting combustion signals produced by a combustion sensor of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. Essentially, the combustion sensor, when operable, produces combustion signals resp... | 11/16/1999 |
| 5884605 | Controller and control method for engine ignition timing A target torque is calculated as a proportion PI relative to a torque generated by an engine at a basic ignition timing. An ignition timing correction amount is calculated based on this proportion PI, and by correcting the ignition timing by this correcti... | 03/23/1999 |