The ice cream cone was invented at the St. Louis Worlds Fair by Ernest Hamwi in 1904. His waffle booth was next to an ice cream vendor who ran short of dishes. Hamwi rolled a waffle to hold ice cream and the cone was born.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8142566 | Method for producing Ga-containing nitride semiconductor single crystal of BxAlyGazIn1-x-y-zNsPtAs1-s-t (0<=x<=1, 0<=y<1, 0 A Ga-containing nitride semiconductor single crystal characterized in that (a) the maximum reflectance measured by irradiating the Ga-containing nitride semiconductor single crystal with light at a wavelength of 450 nm is 20% or less and the difference between the m... | 03/27/2012 |
| 7815735 | Body having a smooth diamond layer, device and method therefor The invention refers to a method and apparatus for CVD coating and to a coated body. To improve the mechanical properties of the structure and surface of the body and to make the method and apparatus as simple and cost-effective as possible, it is suggested in the m... | 10/19/2010 |
| 7678194 | Method for providing gas to a processing chamber A method and apparatus for generating gas for a processing system is provided. In one embodiment, an apparatus for generating gas for a processing system includes a canister having at least one baffle disposed between two ports and containing a precursor material. T... | 03/16/2010 |
| 7442252 | Method for producing single crystal of multi-element oxide single crystal containing bismuth as constituting element The present invention provides methods for producing a multi-element oxide single crystal which contains Bi, which has high crystallinity independently of a preparation process, and which is represented by the formula (Bi2O2)Am−1B | 10/28/2008 |
| 7438760 | Methods of making substitutionally carbon-doped crystalline Si-containing materials by chemical vapor deposition Methods of making Si-containing films that contain relatively high levels of substitutional dopants involve chemical vapor deposition using trisilane and a dopant precursor. Extremely high levels of substitutional incorporation may be obtained, including crystalline... | 10/21/2008 |
| 7431964 | Method of forming a porous metal catalyst on a substrate for nanotube growth A method is provided for forming a porous metal catalyst (44) on a substrate (42) for nanotube (84) growth in an emissive display. The method comprises depositing a metal (44) onto a surface of a substrate (12) at an angle (Θ) to ... | 10/07/2008 |
| 7416605 | Anneal of epitaxial layer in a semiconductor device An anneal of an epitaxially grown crystalline semiconductor layer comprising a combination of group-IV elements. The layer contains at least one of the group of carbon and tin. The layer of epitaxially grown material is annealed at a temperature substantially in a r... | 08/26/2008 |
| 7402206 | Method of synthesizing a compound of the formula MAX, film of the compound and its use A method of synthesizing or growing a compound having the general formula Mn+1AXn(16) where M is a transition metal, n is 1, 2, 3 or higher, A is an A-group element and X is carbon, nitrogen or both, which comprises the step of exposing ... | 07/22/2008 |
| 7393412 | Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor epitaxial substrate A method for manufacturing a compound semiconductor epitaxial substrate with few concave defects is provided. The method for manufacturing a compound semiconductor epitaxial substrate comprises a step of epitaxially growing an InGaAs layer on an InP single crystal s... | 07/01/2008 |
| 7374617 | Atomic layer deposition methods and chemical vapor deposition methods The invention includes atomic layer deposition methods and chemical vapor deposition methods. In a particular aspect of the invention, a source of microwave radiation is provided proximate a reaction chamber. At least a fragment of a precursor material is chemisorbe... | 05/20/2008 |
| 7368014 | Variable temperature deposition methods A deposition method may include, at a first temperature, contacting a substrate with a first precursor and chemisorbing a first layer at least one monolayer thick over the substrate. At a second temperature different from the first temperature, the first layer may b... | 05/06/2008 |
| 7335259 | Growth of single crystal nanowires The present invention provides nanowires which are substantially straight and substantially free of nanoparticles and methods for making the same The nanowires can be made by seeded approaches, wherein nanocrystals bound to a substrate are used to promote growth of ... | 02/26/2008 |
| 7318903 | Photonic sensor particles and fabrication methods The invention is related to optical particles (10), use of optical particles in sensing applications, and methods of fabricating optical particles that can target a desired analyte. The invention is also related to the self assembly of individual optical part... | 01/15/2008 |
| 7314540 | Diamond-coated electrode and method for producing same A diamond electrode having a sufficiently low resistance is disclosed which is realized by increasing the amount of boron added thereto. A method for producing a high-performance, high-durability electrode is also disclosed by which adhesiveness between a diamond co... | 01/01/2008 |
| 7311777 | Process for manufacturing quartz crystal element A process for manufacturing a quartz crystal element consists of the steps of producing plural quartz layers on a surface of a crystalline substrate having a lattice constant differing from that of quartz crystal, in which each of the quartz layers consists of a cry... | 12/25/2007 |
| 7309394 | Ultraviolet light-emitting device in which p-type semiconductor is used An object is to provide an ultraviolet light-emitting device in which a p-type semiconductor which has high conductivity and an emission peak in ultraviolet region, and emits light efficiently is used. The p-type semiconductor is prepared by supplying a p-type impur... | 12/18/2007 |
| 7309477 | Ultrahard diamonds and method of making thereof A single crystal diamond grown by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition annealed at pressures in excess of 4.0 GPa and heated to temperature in excess of 1500 degrees C. that has a hardness of greater than 120 GPa. A method for manufacture a hard single crystal... | 12/18/2007 |
| 7303991 | Atomic layer deposition methods The invention includes an atomic layer deposition method of forming a layer of a deposited composition on a substrate. The method includes positioning a semiconductor substrate within an atomic layer deposition chamber. On the substrate, an intermediate composition ... | 12/04/2007 |
| 7294360 | Conformal coatings for micro-optical elements, and method for making the same A micro-optical element is produced through vapor deposition techniques, such as atomic layer deposition. An optical structure having a surface with uneven structures is exposed to one or more precursor vapors to create a self-limiting film growth on the surface of ... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7279432 | System and method for forming an integrated barrier layer An apparatus and method for forming an integrated barrier layer on a substrate is described. The integrated barrier layer comprises at least a first refractory metal layer and a second refractory metal layer. The integrated barrier layer is formed using a dual-mode ... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7274025 | Detector for detecting particle beams and method for the production thereof The invention relates to a detector, and to a method for the production thereof, for detecting a high-energy and high-intensity particle beam (2), which comprises a crystalline semi-conductor plate (3) having a metal coating (4) and which is arr... | 09/25/2007 |
| 7271077 | Deposition methods with time spaced and time abutting precursor pulses An atomic layer deposition method includes positioning a semiconductor substrate within an atomic layer deposition chamber. A first precursor gas is flowed to the substrate within the atomic layer deposition chamber effective to form a first monolayer on the substra... | 09/18/2007 |
| 7258741 | System and method for producing synthetic diamond Synthetic monocrystalline diamond compositions having one or more monocrystalline diamond layers formed by chemical vapor deposition, the layers including one or more layers having an increased concentration of one or more impurities (such as boron and/or isotopes o... | 08/21/2007 |
| 7250083 | ALD method and apparatus A method and an apparatus for executing efficient and cost-effective Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) at low temperatures are presented. ALD films such as oxides and nitrides are produced at low temperatures under controllable and mild oxidizing conditions over substra... | 07/31/2007 |
| 7235482 | Method of manufacturing a contact interconnection layer containing a metal and nitrogen by atomic layer deposition for deep sub-micron semiconductor technology An atomic layer deposition method is used to deposit a TiN or TiSiN film having a thickness of about 50 nm or less on a substrat. A titanium precursor which is tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT), tetrakis(diethylamido)titanium (TDEAT), or Ti{OCH(CH3)... | 06/26/2007 |
| 7229498 | Nanostructures produced by phase-separation during growth of (III-V)(IV)alloys Nanostructures (18) and methods for production thereof by phase separation during metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). An embodiment of one of the methods may comprise providing a growth surface in a reaction chamber and introducing a first mixture of p... | 06/12/2007 |
| 7229501 | Silicon epitaxial wafer and process for manufacturing the same The present invention provides a silicon epitaxial wafer having an excellent IG capability all over the radial direction thereof and a process for manufacturing the same. The present invention is directed to a silicon epitaxial wafer having an excellent gettering ca... | 06/12/2007 |
| 7217324 | Method and device for producing an electronic GaAs detector for x-ray detection for imaging The invention relates to a method for producing an X-ray detector for imaging. By increasing the epitaxial layers, a GaAs material (1) is placed on a substrate n (or p) (2). p (or n)< >ions are then implanted on the external face (11... | 05/15/2007 |
| 7214269 | Si-doped GaAs single crystal substrate A Si-doped gallium arsenide single crystal substrate has a carrier concentration of 0.1×1018 to 5.0×1018/cm3. The substrate is made by Vertical Bridgeman (VB) method or Vertical Gradient Freeze (VGF) method, and a minimum value and... | 05/08/2007 |
| 7211144 | Pulsed nucleation deposition of tungsten layers A method of forming a tungsten nucleation layer using a sequential deposition process. The tungsten nucleation layer is formed by reacting pulses of a tungsten-containing precursor and a reducing gas in a process chamber to deposit tungsten on the substrate. Thereaf... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7204886 | Apparatus and method for hybrid chemical processing A method and apparatus for performing multiple deposition processes is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a chamber body and a gas distribution assembly disposed on the chamber body. In one embodiment, the method comprises positioning a substrate su... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7201803 | Valve control system for atomic layer deposition chamber A valve control system for a semiconductor processing chamber includes a system control computer and a plurality of electrically controlled valves associated with the processing chamber. The system further includes a programmable logic controller in communication wi... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7201886 | Single crystal diamond tool Synthetic monocrystalline diamond compositions having one or more monocrystalline diamond layers formed by chemical vapor deposition, the layers including one or more layers having an increased concentration of one or more impurities (such as boron and/or isotopes o... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7198820 | Deposition of carbon- and transition metal-containing thin films A process depositing a carbon- and transition metal-containing thin film on a substrate involves placing a substrate within a reaction space and sequentially pulsing into the reaction space a transition metal chemical and an organometallic chemical. Following each c... | 04/03/2007 |
| 7199328 | Apparatus and method for plasma processing A plasma processing system including a process chamber, a substrate holder provided within the process chamber, and a gas injection system configured to supply a first gas and a second gas to the process chamber. The system includes a controller that controls the ga... | 04/03/2007 |
| 7192888 | Low selectivity deposition methods A deposition method includes forming a nucleation layer over a substrate, forming a layer of a first substance at least one monolayer thick chemisorbed on the nucleation layer, and forming a layer of a second substance at least one monolayer thick chemisorbed on the... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7175707 | P-type GaAs single crystal and its production method A p-type GaAs single crystal containing Si, Zn, B and In as dopants has an average dislocation density of 100 cm−2 or less. It may be produced by cooling a GaAs melt containing Si, Zn, B and In as dopants in a crystal-growing container having a seed cry... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7176109 | Method for forming raised structures by controlled selective epitaxial growth of facet using spacer Raised structures comprising overlying silicon layers formed by controlled selective epitaxial growth, and methods for forming such raised-structure on a semiconductor substrate are provided. The structures are formed by selectively growing an initial epitaxial laye... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7175713 | Apparatus for cyclical deposition of thin films An apparatus for cyclical depositing of thin films on semiconductor substrates, comprising a process chamber having a gas distribution system with separate paths for process gases and an exhaust system synchronized with operation of valves dosing the process gases i... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7172655 | Colored diamond A method of producing a single crystal CVD diamond of a desired color which includes the steps of providing single crystal CVD diamond which is colored and heat treating the diamond under conditions suitable to produce the desired color. Colors which may be produced... | 02/06/2007 |