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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8137432 | Method and furnace for melting steel scrap A method for smelting steel scrap in a furnace, including: blowing a working gas into the furnace via a flow channel to supply melting energy; guiding the working gas through at least one electrodeless plasma torch; producing a plasma by at least one inductive heati... | 03/20/2012 |
| 7083763 | Feeding system for fuel gas generator A feed system for loading waste into a fuel gas generator system where the feed system is made of a walled container wherein the outer container back has an outer back hole and the inner container back has an inner back hole, and wherein the holes are aligned and a ... | 08/01/2006 |
| 7026150 | Overexpression of phytase genes in yeast systems The present invention relates to a method of producing a heterologous protein or polypeptide having phytase activity in a yeast system. The invention also provides proteins having phytase activity which have increased thermostability. Yeast strains which produce a h... | 04/11/2006 |
| 6855183 | Method for producing stainless steel The invention is a method for producing stainless steel using a generator, heating the vessel that is part of the generator, loading waste comprising steel into the heated vessel, melting the loaded waste to a molten state using a non-transferred torch to cut and me... | 02/15/2005 |
| 6689192 | Method for producing metallic nanoparticles Method for producing metallic nanoparticles. The method includes generating an aerosol of solid metallic microparticles, generating non-oxidizing plasma with a plasma hot zone at a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize the microparticles into metal va... | 02/10/2004 |
| 6391081 | Metal purification method and metal refinement method A metal purification method and a metal refinement method in which metals of high purity can be easily refined and recovered without increasing the size of the purification and refining devices or complicating the operation. To this end, metals containing... | 05/21/2002 |
| 6306195 | Process for the preparation of high grade synthetic rutile and pig iron The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of high grade synthetic rutile from ilmenite with pig iron as a by-product. The process comprises subjecting ilmenite to reduction with coal, cooling and removing unreacted coal to o... | 10/23/2001 |
| 6221124 | Fluidized bed treatment of EAF dust The invention concerns a method of treating electric arc furnace (EAF) dust. In the method the dust is preheated and decontaminated under conditions which oxidize the magnetite content of the dust to hematite. Thereafter the preheated and decontaminated d... | 04/24/2001 |
| 6096109 | Chemical component recovery from ligated-metals A method for converting a ligated-metal into chemical components of the ligated-metal includes forming an ionized zone that can convert the ligated-metal to a reduced ligated-metal intermediate. The ligated-metal is directed into the ionized zone, whereby... | 08/01/2000 |
| 5877394 | Method for treating waste containing stainless steel A centrifugal plasma arc furnace is used to vitrify contaminated soils and other waste materials. An assessment of the characteristics of the waste is performed prior to introducing the waste into the furnace. Based on the assessment, a predetermined amou... | 03/02/1999 |
| 5851262 | Method of refining molten metal A molten metal is subjected to a refining under a reduced pressure of vacuum or a low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere, and subsequently heated by means of inert gas plasma to re-refine. The metals to be processed are stainless steels, Ni-base alloys, F... | 12/22/1998 |
| 5772726 | Method of separating vanadium from ash A method of separating vanadium from waste ash including generating a high temperature thermal plasma; contacting the waste ash with the high temperature thermal plasma in the presence of oxygen, thereby forming a layer of iron from iron and iron componen... | 06/30/1998 |
| 5753004 | Method for refining molten metal and apparatus for same A method of refining molten metal includes the steps of reduced-pressure-refining molten metal in a heated vessel, adding slag-forming agents into the refined molten metal while keeping the molten metal in the vessel, or after pouring the molten metal int... | 05/19/1998 |
| 5728193 | Process for recovering metals from iron oxide bearing masses A process for recovering iron from an iron oxide bearing mass. The process includes forming a bed of lump coke in a vertical shaft furnace, feeding the iron oxide bearing mass and scrap metal onto the bed of lump coke and combusting the coke in the coke b... | 03/17/1998 |
| 5700308 | Method for enhancing reaction rates in metals refining extraction, and recycling operations involving melts containing ionic species such as slags, mattes, fluxes A method and apparatus for enhancing reaction rates between ionic species such as slags, mattes, fluxes and the like with at least another component such as similar melts, metals, chemical compounds, gases or any combination thereof during metal processin... | 12/23/1997 |
| 5667553 | Methods for recycling electric arc furnace dust A method for the separation and recovery of metals selected from the group consisting of iron, cadmium, zinc, and lead, from raw material comprising a mixture of metals, which comprises the steps of heating the raw material to a temperature sufficient to ... | 09/16/1997 |
| 5578108 | Ultrafine particles of amorphous metal and method for production thereof Ultrafine amorphous metal particles which combine the properties of ultrafine particles with those of an amorphous alloy and a method for the production thereof are disclosed. The ultrafine amorphous metal particles are produced by a method which comprise... | 11/26/1996 |
| 5538532 | Methods for recycling electric arc furnace dust A method for the separation and recovery of metals selected from the group consisting of iron, cadmium, zinc, and lead, from raw material comprising a mixture of metals, which comprises the steps of heating the raw material to a temperature sufficient to ... | 07/23/1996 |
| 5460701 | Method of making nanostructured materials A method and system for synthesizing nanocrystalline material. A system includes a chamber, a nonconsumable cathode shielded against chemical reaction by a working gas not including an oxidizing gas, but including an inert gas, a consumable anode vaporiza... | 10/24/1995 |
| 5286273 | Method for steel making in high temperature reactor This invention provides a method and apparatus whereby steel of various compositions may be produced from iron ore and coal through a series of stages without the intermediate production of liquid iron. A reforming reactor receives top gases from the stee... | 02/15/1994 |
| 5244488 | Direct smelting process with a thermal plasma The present invention relates to a process for directly smelting ores, metal oxides or the like with a thermal plasma. The direct smelting process of the invention can be practiced easily by simple equipment regardless of the form of the material to be smelted... | 09/14/1993 |
| 5228901 | Partial reduction of particulate iron ores and cyclone reactor A closed-cover hot cyclone reactor is used to melt and partially reduce particulate iron or ferro-alloy ores fed to it in a stream. Tangential streams of fuel gas or, preferably, producer gas supplied by an associated bath smelter, interact with the spira... | 07/20/1993 |
| 5114467 | Method for manufacturing magnetostrictive materials A method for manufacturing rare earth-iron magnetostrictive materials such as Tbx Dy1-x Fe2-w wherein 0.20ࣘxࣘ1.00 and 0ࣘwࣘ0.20. Rare earth and iron raw materials are continuously fed into a plasma arc melting furna... | 05/19/1992 |
| 5043011 | Process for producing pig iron A process for producing pig-iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig-ir... | 08/27/1991 |
| 5021084 | Process for improving high-temperature alloys This invention is the electron beam evaporation and deposition(EBED) process which produces high purity and ultrafine grain size in high-temperature and reactive metal alloys. These properties are important in metals used in aircraft gas turbine component... | 06/04/1991 |
| 5004495 | Method for producing ultra clean steel A method and apparatus for the forced production of exceptionally clean steel wherein a metallurgical vessel is insulated and sealed to maintain a neutral environment into which steel is tapped and cleaned by use of gas injection and impurity precipitatio... | 04/02/1991 |
| 4997475 | Method and device for mounting and withdrawing a plasma torch relative to an apparatus operating under pressure and temperature conditions precluding a direct intervention A method and device for forming a modifiable closed volume (16) by means of an extensible and retractable tubular element (16) fixed around the orifice of a sleeve (3) closed by a valve (5) on the upstream side of the valve, and detachably fixed around th... | 03/05/1991 |
| 4952237 | Method and apparatus for recovery of non-ferrous metals from dross A method and apparatus for treating non-ferrous metal drosses in order to recover the free metal contained therein. The dross is heated by a plasma torch in a rotary furnace, preferably to a temperature above 800° C. The plasma heating and rotary motion ... | 08/28/1990 |
| 4915731 | Metallurgical method and apparatus Method and apparatus for recovering a metal from an ore by kinetic metallurgy as distinct from the usual static blast furnace approach.... | 04/10/1990 |
| 4913733 | Process for producing pig iron A process for producing pig iron is described involving the use of a reduction shaft furnace 1 and a melt-down gasifier 2. The sponge iron produced from iron ore in the reduction shaft furnace is fed into the melt-down gasifier and converted into a pig ir... | 04/03/1990 |
| 4898712 | Two-stage ferrosilicon smelting process The present invention relates to a process for the production of ferrosilicon in a closed two-stage reduction furnace. In the present invention, carbon monoxide released as a result of the smelting process, in the first stage of the furnace, is used to pr... | 02/06/1990 |
| 4889556 | Method of recycling steel belted tires A process for recycling steel belted tires by shredding the tires in multiple stages and separating the rubber from the rubber encrusted steel until the rubber encrusted steel is about 50% steel and charging a plasma fired cupola with the rubber encrusted... | 12/26/1989 |
| 4859237 | Hydrometallurgical process for producing spherical maraging steel powders with readily oxidizable alloying elements A process for producing a blend of maraging steel alloys and an oxidizable metal comprises forming an aqueous solution or iron, cobalt, nickel and molybdenum in a predetermined ratio. Thereafter, a reducible solid material containing the metals is produce... | 08/22/1989 |
| 4853033 | Method of desulfurizing molten metal in a plasma fired cupola A method of desulfurizing iron in a plasma fired cupola having a plurality if feed nozzles each of which have a particulate feed and a plasma torch connected thereto; a fluxing agent such as CaO, MgO, CaCO3, MgCO3 or CaCO3... | 08/01/1989 |
| 4851039 | Process for the production of pig iron using cyclone A process for the production of pig iron from fine ore is described, in which initially the fine ore undergoes prereduction to a degree of metallization of preferably 65 to 75%. The sponge iron obtained is then melted down and under goes a final reduction... | 07/25/1989 |
| 4828607 | Replacement of coke in plasma-fired cupola A plasma-fired cupola is operated utilizing anthracite or bituminous coal or small size coke to replace foundry coke to melt turnings, borings and chips from machining cast iron and steel, wherein the turnings, borings and chips make up as much as 75% by ... | 05/09/1989 |
| 4806154 | Process for the production of pig iron from fine ore using plasma burner A process for the production of pig iron from fine ore is produced, in which the fine ore is prereduced in one or more reduction units (1, 2). The resulting sponge iron is subsequently melted down and finally reduced in a melt-down gasifier (3) with the a... | 02/21/1989 |
| 4780132 | Plasma fired cupola A plasma-fired cupola may be operated at very low gas flow levels in the range of 0.9 SCFM per sq. inch of cupola cross-sectional area and with recirculated off-gas substantially reducing the rate at which coke is burned thus reducing the sulfur content o... | 10/25/1988 |
| 4769065 | Control of a plasma fired cupola A safe and effected method of starting up operating and shutting down a plasma fired cupola. The starting up and shutting down procedures incorporated interlocks and warning signals that insure the safety of the operators and equipment and the controls ut... | 09/06/1988 |
| 4756748 | Processes for the smelting reduction of smeltable materials A process for the smelting reduction of oxide ores, in particular iron ores, employs a mixture of the finely divided ore with equally finely divided reductant, which in the case of iron ores preferably is a coal. The mixture is fed into the interior of a ... | 07/12/1988 |
