Did You Know...
...that while attempting to develop a super strong glue, 3M employee Spencer Silver accidentally developed a glue that was so weak it would barely hold two pieces of paper together? However, his colleague Art Fry needed the glue. Fry sang with his church choir and marked the pages of his hymnal with small scraps of paper that often fell out. He used Silver's glue to hold the papers in place. Today we call this invention Post-it Notes.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 5128942 | Method of and apparatus for transmitting video data According to the present invention, when video data of, for example, a real moving picture is transmitted, the video data is data-compressed and transmitted while the combination of the compressing ratio of the video data and the encoding ratio of the vid... | 07/07/1992 |
| 5119400 | Digital transmission system employing a Viterbi-like equalizer In a digital transmission system having a dispersive transmission channel, so-called Soft Decision Decoding of the data elements is carried out utilizing reliability information which is a probability function indicating with what probability the data ele... | 06/02/1992 |
| 5113411 | Modulator and demodulator for data transmission systems A MODEM has a delay equalizer for receiving a trellis-coded test signal transmitted from an opposite MODEM and compensating for delay distortion of this test signal on the transmission path. The output of this delay equalizer and the input test signal are... | 05/12/1992 |
| 5113400 | Error detection system An error detection system for a discrete receiver. The error detection system indicates bad frames of binary information signals which contain distorted bits in densities so great as to cause a convolutional decoder to generate an incorrect, decoded signa... | 05/12/1992 |
| 5111483 | Trellis decoder An improved trellis code modulation (TCM) decoder for the land mobile environment is provided. According to the invention, a frequency discriminator is placed at the output of the pilot extraction filter and its output passed through a soft limiter and us... | 05/05/1992 |
| 5099499 | Method of generating quality factors for binary digits obtained in the viterbi-analysis of a signal A signal is transmitted to a receiver and is digitalized in signal points (S1). These points are viterbi analyzed in an analyzer with a path memory (PM) having a desired number of states (00, 01, 10, 11) with memory cells (MC). Bit sequences, correspondin... | 03/24/1992 |
| 5081651 | Maximum likelihood sequence estimation apparatus A maximum likelihood sequence estimation apparatus for estimating a transmitted signal sequence from a received signal sequence and an estimated channel impulse response characteristic. A merge detection circuit computes a time required for respective mer... | 01/14/1992 |
| 5077743 | System and method for decoding of convolutionally encoded data A convolutionally encoded bit stream is generated and employs a greater number of transmitted parity bits than input data bits. The encoded bit stream is decoded through the use of Exclusive OR operations upon a succession of lengths of received party bit... | 12/31/1991 |
| 5068859 | Large constraint length high speed viterbi decoder based on a modular hierarchial decomposition of the deBruijn graph A method of formulating and packaging decision-making elements into a long constraint length Viterbi decoder which involves formulating the decision-making processors as individual Viterbi butterfly processors that are interconnected in a deBruijn graph c... | 11/26/1991 |
| 5056117 | Decision feedback equalization with trellis coding In a telephone local loop transmission arrangement, data is communicated from the customer premises to the central office utilizing a multidimensional, passband signal illustratively at 480 kb/s. Specifically, the transmitted signal is encoded in a trelli... | 10/08/1991 |
| 5050191 | Synchronization detector using path metric and branch metric values of a Viterbi decoder Synchronization conditions of a Viterbi decoder are detected using the differences between minimum branch metrics and corresponding minimum path metrics. In accordance with the invention, zero differences are monitored, non-zero differences are monitored ... | 09/17/1991 |
| 5042036 | Process for realizing the Viterbi-algorithm by means of parallel working structures A method for implementing the Viterbi algorithm (Viterbi decoder) for very high data rates/decoding rates. The trellis diagram (original trellis diagram) of the Markov process, the original trellis diagram being the basis of such implementation, is consid... | 08/20/1991 |
| 5027374 | Bit serial Viterbi decoder add/compare/select array A circuit array comprises a plurality of add/carry/select (ACS) circuits which operate in parallel to perform an operation required to implement convolutional coding for error correction in digital communications system. The ACS circuits are commonly used... | 06/25/1991 |
| 5023889 | Trellis coded multilevel DPSK system with doppler correction for mobile satellite channels A trellis coded multilevel differential phase shift keyed mobile communication system. The system of the present invention includes a trellis encoder for translating input signals into trellis codes; a differential encoder for differentially encoding the ... | 06/11/1991 |
| 4979175 | State metric memory arrangement for a viterbi decoder An improved memory utilization arrangement for a VITERBI decoder which allows the amount of memory required for storing state metrics to be minimized. Both old and new state metrics are required to be stored. This scheme utilizes memory locations for whic... | 12/18/1990 |
| 4907233 | VLSI single-chip (255,223) Reed-Solomon encoder with interleaver A concatenated coding system consisting of a (255,223) Reed-Solomon outer code and a convolutional inner code is provided with either a block of preinterleaved frames or an interleaver of frames in a block of data symbols to be coded in the outer decoder.... | 03/06/1990 |
| 4905317 | Path memory control method in Viterbi decoder A path memory control method in a Viterbi decoder outputs, when a plurality of decoding steps are required to trace back to a final stage of a surviving path, the same number of decoded data as that of the decoding steps required for trace-back, thereby d... | 02/27/1990 |
| 4884272 | Maximum likelihood diversity receiver A communication system utilizing a plurality of receiving antenna which receive digital signals and process all of the received signals in the same trellis type decoder. Hamming weights are applied to each of the signals in accordance with the Viterbi alg... | 11/28/1989 |
| 4881241 | Method and installation for digital communication, particularly between and toward moving vehicles A digital broadcasting process, suitable for digital audiobroadcast, comprises encoding the data in the form of binary words using a redundant code to obtain a sequence of modulation symbols and transmitting the symbols in a plurality of subchannels at di... | 11/14/1989 |
| 4879720 | Decoder ring system A decoding system capable of outputting Viterbi-decoding-algorithm-decoded data at a predetermined rate that is greater than a given rate at which coded data is processed in accordance with said algorithm to produce the decoded data. The system includes a... | 11/07/1989 |
| 4862464 | Data error detector for digital modems using trellis coding A method and system for data error detection for digital modems using trellis coding makes use of a sixteen traceback Viterbi decoder. One embodiment of the invention comprises a circuit which receives a digital data stream from a communications channel s... | 08/29/1989 |
| 4847871 | Viterbi detector for digital signal A plurality of assumed detection value series correspond to combinations of a plurality of Viterbi detection series and a plurality of assumed detection values. The Viterbi detection series correspond to possible survived paths. The assumed detection valu... | 07/11/1989 |
| 4837766 | Frame step-out detecting system A frame step-out detecting system includes on the transmission side, a first violation unit, a modulating means and, on the reception side, a demodulating means, a second violation unit, and an error detector. The first violation unit includes a convoluti... | 06/06/1989 |
| 4833693 | Coded modulation system using interleaving for decision-feedback equalization In a communication system, the combined advantages of decision feedback equalization and delayed decoding are achieved in a receiver by interleaving the signal points at the transmitter, and deinterleaving them at the receiver so that sufficiently reliabl... | 05/23/1989 |
| 4809277 | Convolutional encoder An encoding apparatus comprises a converter and a convolutional encoder. The converter translates a k-bit input to an m-bit output, where m is smaller than k, and the k-bit input belongs to one of 2m subsets of a set of 2k elements, ... | 02/28/1989 |
| 4777636 | Path trace viterbi decoder A path trace Viterbi decoder comprising an ACS circuit for generating a path selecting signal, a path memory for storing the path selecting signal, a node calculator for calculating the node number of a most likely path on the basis of the data read out f... | 10/11/1988 |
| 4763328 | Viterbi decoder and method for testing the viterbi decoder An integrated viterbi decoder structure and method, the viterbi decoder receives test input signals at a distributor, an ACS circuit and a path memory and compares the output signals generated by the test input signals with predetermined test signals so a... | 08/09/1988 |
| 4761784 | Modem and method using multidimensional coded modulation Disclosed is a modem including a transmitter having a convolutional encoder for transforming each group interval digital data into an expanded bit sequence having symbol-selecting bits and a frame of subset-selecting bits forming a plurality of bit groups... | 08/02/1988 |
| 4757506 | Method of decoding binary signals and viterbi decoder as well as uses therefor A method and circuit for decoding binary signals processed according to an error correcting convolution code, in which the path metrics are transformed from the arithmetic into the logic range of operation. The path metric having the extreme value is subt... | 07/12/1988 |
| 4748626 | Viterbi decoder with reduced number of data move operations Disclosed is a modem including a transmitter having a convolutional encoder for transforming each time unit digital data into an expanded bit sequence having symbol-selecting bits and subset-selecting bits, the transmitter further providing modulation of ... | 05/31/1988 |
| 4715037 | Viterbi decoder comprising a majority circuit in producing a decoded signal In a Viterbi decoder for use in producing a decoded signal by correcting and decoding convolutional codes, a majority circuit (46) is connected to a path memory (45). At each of the time slots used for the respective convolutional codes, the majority circ... | 12/22/1987 |
| 4709377 | Viterbi decoder for wireline modems A Viterbi decoder is disclosed particularly suited for implementation in a microprocessor-based modem. The decoder calculates the branch metric corresponding to each point of a signal constellation by calculating the Euclidean distance between a received ... | 11/24/1987 |
| 4675871 | Digital data decoders A Viterbi decoder is provided with synchronization error detector which detects synchronization errors by monitoring the growth of the path metric associated with a state having itself as a predecessor and to indicate synchronization errors independently ... | 06/23/1987 |
| 4660214 | QANI Trellis-coded signal structure A signal structure for high speed Trellis coded data communications selects each signal point in the structure to attain a low probability of error in the presence of both additive noise and multiplicative noise. Viterbi decoding is modified to take accou... | 04/21/1987 |
| 4656648 | Process for the noncoherent demodulation of a digital signal The present invention relates to a process for the noncoherent demodulation of a linearly modulated digital signal with energy by constant symbol and a demodulator for performing this process. The process consists of demodulating a linearly modulated sign... | 04/07/1987 |
| 4646305 | High speed data modem using multilevel encoding A 14.4 kilobit/second modem uses an encoding scheme in which groups of five bits are encoded as one of thirty-two (25) possible code groups. This is done by using quadrature amplitude modulation and a 6 by 6 space-state constellation which allo... | 02/24/1987 |
| 4641327 | Frame synchronization in trellis-coded communication systems Frame synchronization is accomplished in a trellis-coded communication system by causing the sequence of signal points that results when the receiver incorrectly determines the start of each frame to be an impermissible sequence, and detecting the existen... | 02/03/1987 |
| 4606027 | Error correction apparatus using a Viterbi decoder In an error correcting apparatus, an add-compare-select circuit is provided for each state in a given time slot of a Viterbi trellis diagram. The ACS circuit includes first and second pairs of adders coupled to a source of sequentially updated path metric... | 08/12/1986 |
| 4583078 | Serial Viterbi decoder A serial Viterbi decoder in which a single set of circuits is sequentially used for all the encoder states to calculate the maximum probability path, as measured against received signals, of unencoded signal sequences to reach each encoder state. The path... | 04/15/1986 |
| 4545054 | Diode-configured Viterbi algorithm error correcting decoder for convolutional codes A Viterbi algorithm error correcting decoder is configured of a trellis of branch-distance circuits each of which is formed of sets of diode and controlled interconnecting switches. During a respective bit time of the signal to be decoded, the branch-dist... | 10/01/1985 |
