Penn Jillette of Penn and Teller fame has patented a "Hydro-Therapeutic Stimulator", which uses a hot tub for stimulation.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7265242 | Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated compounds A process for the carbonylation of unsaturated compounds by contacting the unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising: (a) a source of palladium and/or platinum; and (... | 09/04/2007 |
| 7235509 | Processes for the recovery and recycling of boron trifluoride or complexes thereof The invention provides processes for the recovery of a catalyst which are to be applied to the reactions wherein boron trifluoride or a complex thereof is used as the catalyst, that is, (I) a process for the recovery of a catalyst which comprises using as the reacti... | 06/26/2007 |
| 7208635 | Method for the hydroformylation of olefins with 2 to 6 carbon atoms The invention relates to a hydroformylation process in which at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms is reacted continuously with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst in a reaction zone in which a liquid phase is pr... | 04/24/2007 |
| 7135542 | Bidentate ligands for the carbonylation of unsaturated compounds Bidentate ligand of formula (I), R1R2M1-R-M2R3R4 wherein M1 and M2 each indenpendently represent P, As or Sb; R1, R2, R3 and R4 each i... | 11/14/2006 |
| 7005537 | Production of esters Disclosed is a process for the production of esters. In particular, the process includes contacting an olefin or an ether with carbon monoxide and an acid composition comprising BF3.2CH3OH to from a product composition, adding an alcohol to the... | 02/28/2006 |
| 6998026 | Method for producing tertiary C-C-alkyl esters of (meth)acrylic acid A tert-C4–C8-alkyl (meth)acrylate is prepared by reacting (meth)acrylic acid with an olefin of the formula where R1 and R2, which may be i... | 02/14/2006 |
| 6994799 | Ester-containing fluid compositions Disclosed are ester-containing fluid compositions, methods of making such compositions, and methods of using such compositions. The fluid compositions comprise a mix of branched and linear ester compounds, and the fluid compositions are characterized by certain perf... | 02/07/2006 |
| 6984668 | Metal-compound catalyzed processes A liquid-phase chemical reaction medium comprises one or more reactants, optionally in the presence of a reaction product(s) and one or more solvents, diluents or other form of liquid carrier, a catalyst system comprising at least a metal or metal compound and optio... | 01/10/2006 |
| 6919474 | Cracking of neo-C9 and neo-C13 carboxylic acids to either pivalic acid or methyl pivalate A method for production of pivalic acid comprising the steps of: (a) reacting isobutylene, carbon monoxide, and a first catalyst to produce a reaction mixture; (b) contacting the reaction mixture with water, thereby producing a crude acid product having pivalic acid... | 07/19/2005 |
| 6916954 | Catalyst system and method for carbonylation The invention relates to a catalyst system for carbonylating olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and a nucleophile compound, containing (a) palladium; (b) a phosphine and (c) a polymer containing nitrogen which is soluble in the... | 07/12/2005 |
| 6756506 | Method for producing tert-butyl esters of aliphatic c1-c4-carboxylic acids The tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4-carboxylic acid is prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with isobutene in the liquid phase in the presence of an acidic catalyst by a continuous process in which the reaction is carried out in a re... | 06/29/2004 |
| 6737542 | Process for the carbonylation of conjugated dienes The present invention relates to a process for the carbonylation of conjugated dienes, whereby a conjugated diene is reacted with carbon monoxide and a hydroxyl group containing compound in the presence of a catalyst system including: (a) a source of palladium catio... | 05/18/2004 |
| 6706912 | Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having 3 or more carbon atoms by reaction with carbon monoxide and an hydroxyl group containing compound in the presence of a catalyst system. The catalyst system includes (a) a source of pa... | 03/16/2004 |
| 6646159 | Carbonylation process Long chain alcohols and acids or other similar oxygenates such as esters are produced from paraffins of similar carbon number by a process comprising paraffin dehydrogenation, carbonylation, and separation. Preferably a mixture of paraffins extending over... | 11/11/2003 |
| 6639091 | Bidentate ligand, catalyst system containing such ligand and a process for the carbonylation of ethylenically or acetylenically unsaturated compounds using such a catalyst system Bidentate ligand of formula II, wherein M1 and M2 are independently P, As or Sb; R1, R2, R3 and R4 independently represent tertiary alkyl groups, or R1 and R2 together and/... | 10/28/2003 |
| 6570040 | Chemoselective ligation The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide b... | 05/27/2003 |
| 6541660 | Process for preparing C5 acetate A process is proposed for preparing C5 acetate for Vitamin A synthesis by hydroformylation of 3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ene (3,4-DABE), according to which a 3,4-DABE is used which is obtained by acetoxylation of 1,3-butadiene with acetic acid and air ... | 04/01/2003 |
| 6521801 | Process for preparing 1,3-alkanediol from epoxide derivative A process for preparing an 1,3-alkanediol through carbonylation of an epoxide derivative includes the steps of (a) reacting an epoxide derivative with alcohol and carbon monoxide in a solvent at a temperature from about 30 to about 150° C. and at a press... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6521783 | Processes for preparing oxygenates This invention relates in part to a processes for the conversion of a feedstock stream comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen to a product stream comprising at least one of an ester, acid, acid anhydride and mixtures thereof. This invention also relates ... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6489506 | Process for the palladium and phosphine ligand catalyzed carbonylation of ethylene A process for the liquid-phase carbonylation of ethylene, according to the equation C2 H4 +CO+ROH.fwdarw. C2 H5 CO2 R, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal or ... | 12/03/2002 |
| 6476255 | Production of esters A process for the manufacture of an alkyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid comprises the steps of supplying a first feed stream comprising carbon monoxide and an alkene of formula Cn H2n to a reactor, supplying a second feed str... | 11/05/2002 |
| 6452043 | Carbonylation of lower alkyl alcohols and their derivatives using metals supported on carbonized polysulfonated divinylbenzene-styrene copolymers A method for producing esters, carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof includes contacting, under carbonylation conditions, lower alkyl alcohols, ethers, lower alkyl alcohol derivatives and mixtures thereof and carbon monoxide with a catalyst having a catal... | 09/17/2002 |
| 6355711 | High performance plasticizers from branched oxo alcohols A plasticizer ester prepared from the catalytic reaction of (1) at least one branched C7 -C11 oxo alcohol prepared from C6 -C10 olefins via hydroformylation and having at least 50% methyl branching at the beta c... | 03/12/2002 |
| 6294687 | Process for the preparation of saturated carboxylic acids and their esters The present invention discloses this invention relates to a process for the conversion of olefinically unsaturated compounds to corresponding carboxylic acids and their esters of formula III ##STR1## wherein R1, R2, R3 and... | 09/25/2001 |
| 6284919 | Process for carbonylation of ethylene A process for the liquid-phase carbonylation of ethylene, according to the equation C2 H4 +CO+ROH.fwdarw.C2 H5 CO2 R, in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a Group VIII metal or compound the... | 09/04/2001 |
| 6274096 | Methanol plant retrofit The retrofitting of an existing methanol or methanol/ammonia plant to make acetic acid is disclosed. The plant is retrofitted to feed carbon dioxide into a reformer to which natural gas and steam (water) are fed. Syngas is formed in the reformer wherein b... | 08/14/2001 |
| 6049011 | Hydroformylation process A dilute ethylene stream, e.g., one produced by steam cracking, is oxonated to yield propanal, without the need to separate other lower hydrocarbons.... | 04/11/2000 |
| 6037506 | Hydroformylation process A process is presented in which ethylenically unsaturated compounds are reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form reaction products. The reactants are contacted in the presence of a catalyst system made by combining: (a) a source of palladium, pla... | 03/14/2000 |
| 6011171 | Process for synthesis of tertiary carboxylic acids and the esters thereof The present invention provides a process for synthesizing tertiary carboxylic acids or the esters thereof having one or two more carbon atoms than the raw material has, comprising reacting in a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid-phosphoric ac... | 01/04/2000 |
| 5936117 | Carbonylation of olefins Disclosed is a process for the preparation of aliphatic carbonyl compounds selected from aliphatic carboxylic acids, alkyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids and anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids by the carbonylation of olefins in the presence of... | 08/10/1999 |
| 5932761 | Process for producing branched aldehydes It is provided a process for industrially advantageously producing a branched aldehyde represented by the formula; ##STR1## wherein Y represents an acyl group of two or more carbon atoms; and X represents an acyloxymethyl group represented by --CH | 08/03/1999 |
| 5834622 | Process for the carbonylation of a carbonylatable reactant A process for the carbonylation of a carbonylatable reactant having a carbonylatable moiety having at least two carbon atoms and/or a reactive derivative thereof which process comprises contacting said carbonylatable reactant and/or a reactive derivative ... | 11/10/1998 |
| 5760284 | Process and catalyst for carbonylating olefins Disclosed is an improved catalyst system and process for preparing aliphatic carbonyl compounds such as aliphatic carboxylic acids, alkyl esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids and anhydrides of aliphatic carboxylic acids by carbonylating olefins in the pre... | 06/02/1998 |
| 5705683 | Carbonylation of olefins The process for carbonylating olefins with carbon monoxide in the presence of water, an alcohol or a carboxylic acid and a halogen-free catalyst comprises using a catalyst comprising nickel or a nickel compound and at least one of the metals of the group ... | 01/06/1998 |
| 5698722 | Functionalization of polymers based on Koch chemistry and derivatives thereof A Koch functionalized product which is the reaction product of at least one polymer having a number average molecular weight of at least 500 and at least ethylenic double bond per polymer chain, with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The ... | 12/16/1997 |
| 5679831 | Process for the preparation of an ester Process for the preparation of a terminal ester by carbonylation of an internally unsaturated organic compound in the presence of an alcohol, carbon monoxide, palladium, an acid with a pKa of less than 2 (measured at 18° C. in an aqueous solut... | 10/21/1997 |
| 5650536 | Continuous process for production of functionalized olefins A continuous process for functionalizing olefins, especially polymer olefins in a CSTR or pipe reactor. Esters are preferably produced by continuous reaction of the olefin with carbon monoxide and a nucleophilic trapping agent. The liquid-filled pipe reac... | 07/22/1997 |
| 5463095 | Process for the production of esters A process for the production of esters, comprising allowing an olefin, carbon monoxide and an alcohol to react in the presence of hydrogen fluoride, in which the esters can be produced at high yields at a low temperature for a short period of time, the es... | 10/31/1995 |
| 5364957 | Carbonylation process using palladium phosphine catalyst The invention relates to a process for the carbonylation of an olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound by reaction with carbon monoxide and a hydroxy compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of cationic pal... | 11/15/1994 |
| 5324856 | Making optically active alpha-hydroxy acids or precursors Disclosed is a process for making an -hydroxy acid which is essentially all L or all D with respect to the chiral C atom bonded to the carboxy group of said acid which comprises (1) hydrocarboxylating an enol acylate, which has a chiral C atom that... | 06/28/1994 |