Did You Know...
...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 4769112 | Method for removing water from ethanol A method and apparatus for removing water from a liquid mixture of water and ethanol contacts it with liquid carbon dioxide so that the ethanol is preferentially transferred into solution, dries the solution using an adsorbent, and then recovers dry ethan... | 09/06/1988 |
| 4765992 | Stimulation of alcoholic fermentation by adsorption of toxic substances with cell walls Substances that are toxic to yeast and which cause cessation of fermentation during alcoholic fermentation are adsorbed by microorganism cell walls added to a medium being fermented. The cell walls are from a gram-positive microorganism such as yeast, and... | 08/23/1988 |
| 4764464 | Semisynthetic enzymes: apoproteins from heme proteins as hydrolases Proteins having a hydrophobic cavity proximate to which is a residue promoting hydrolysis of functional moieties are effective semisynthetic hydrolases. Heme proteins from which the heme has been removed usually have at least one imidazole residue proxima... | 08/16/1988 |
| 4746610 | Efficient use of thermal energy from an internal combustion engine in ethanol production An ethanol-producing plant and a method is provided for producing ethanol from sugars, starches, or cellulose. Some ethanol-producing plants consume more thermal energy than they produce. The present invention solves the efficiency problem by utilizing an... | 05/24/1988 |
| 4744868 | Distillation column and method A stripping column is comprised of one or more mixing channels situated in parallel arrangement, each channel in the form of a zigzag strip through which liquid cascades in a series of falls alternating with a corresponding series of pools. Simultaneously... | 05/17/1988 |
| 4715932 | Method to separate polar organic compounds, in particular aliphatic alcohols, from fermentation fluids This invention relates to a method for separating organic compounds, particularly lower aliphatic alcohols from fermentation fluids. This is accomplished by the use of a two-step extraction process whereby said lower aliphatic alcohols are selectively ext... | 12/29/1987 |
| 4703007 | Separation of volatiles from aqueous solutions by gas stripping Process and apparatus for the recovery of low concentrations of volatile components from a liquid by use of a stripping gas is disclosed. The system is particularly suited for recovery of low concentration volatile metabolites from fermentation broths.... | 10/27/1987 |
| 4701414 | Method for producing ethanol from xylose-containing substance A method for fermenting xylose-containing substance, such as a lignocellulosic degradation product into ethanol. Yeast of the species Pichia stipitis and/or Pichia segobiensis and/or Candida shehatae are utilized for the fermentation.... | 10/20/1987 |
| 4698224 | Production of alcoholic beverages Disclosed is a modification of production of alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine by subjecting to fermentation by means of a faculative anaerobic microorganism such as a yeast a substrate liquor to the microorganism, which modification comprises cond... | 10/06/1987 |
| 4692218 | Process for producing ethanol Method and apparatus are provided for simultaneously producing various forms of alcohol, including ethanol, which can likewise be withdrawn from the apparatus simultaneously. To this end, successive columns in the individual processing stages, each of whi... | 09/08/1987 |
| 4690903 | Process for preparing organic fuels and chemicals from biomass An ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentration ... | 09/01/1987 |
| 4680263 | Continuous alcohol manufacturing process using immobilized microorganism A feed liquid (sugar-containing liquid) is continuously fed to a fermenter packed with an immobilized microorganism, which is obtained by immobilizing an alcohol producing microorganism on a carrier, for alcohol fermentation. The fermentation liquid is co... | 07/14/1987 |
| 4663284 | Process for enhanced fermentation of xylose to ethanol Ethanol is produced from D-xylose by fermentation with any of the known xylose-metabolizing yeasts, such as Pachysolen tannophilus. To improve the yield of ethanol, small quantities of glucose are added to the fermentation medium during the fermentation p... | 05/05/1987 |
| 4659662 | Batch fermentation process Ethanol and fermented beverages such as beer or wine are produced in a batch process by contacting a fermentable substrate with yeast cells encapsulated within a porous, semi-permeable material. Contacting is carrier out in a vessel containing the substra... | 04/21/1987 |
| 4652451 | Controlling alcohol fermentations In the initial stages of a fermentation of carbohydrate to form alcohol, the growth of the yeast is controlled by monitoring the pH value of a fermenting liquid or wort and controlling the supply of oxygen to the fermenting liquid or wort in accordance wi... | 03/24/1987 |
| 4652526 | Ethanol-producing mutants of Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum Several mutant Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum strains, ATCC No. 31907, 31908 and 31909, which are elongated and non-dividing produce ethanol.... | 03/24/1987 |
| 4650689 | Process for ethanol production from cellulosic materials A method for producing a fermentable wort useful to produce ethanol from cellulosic materials is particularly adaptable for batch-wise processing. The broad method includes the steps of placing the materials in an airtight vessel that is evacuated to a mo... | 03/17/1987 |
| 4631258 | Irradiation alcohol fermentation process An alcohol fermentation process which eliminates the heat gelatinization process is disclosed. Corn is irradiated with about 105 to 107 rads of gamma radiation to effect sugar yield, susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis of starch, ... | 12/23/1986 |
| 4617270 | Alcohol and distillers grain recovery process A process for producing alcohol and dried distillers grain from a source material containing starch or sugar by cooking, by saccharification, fermentation, evaporation, distillation, and wherein the distillers grain is dried by heat produced by flash cool... | 10/14/1986 |
| 4612286 | Acid hydrolysis of biomass for alcohol production A method of treating biomass having fermentable material is provided utilizing acid hydrolysis in a countercurrent diffusion treatment structure. By practicing the invention acid usage is minimized, pentose concentration in the hydrolysate solution is max... | 09/16/1986 |
| 4607011 | Accumulation and isolation of N-acylphosphatidylserine A phospholipid mixture, rich in N-acylphosphatidylserine (NAPS), is produced by growth of certain bacterial cultures in media containing effective amounts of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. NAPS may be isolated in high purity by chromatographic techniq... | 08/19/1986 |
| 4605620 | Process for fermenting carbohydrate- and phosphate-containing liquid media The invention relates to a process for fermenting carbohydrate- and phosphate-containing liquid media with limitation of phosphate with bacteria capable of forming butanol, acetone and/or ethanol as fermentation products performed with a total phosphate c... | 08/12/1986 |
| 4600477 | Method of processing fermented liquid A method of processing fermented liquid comprising (a) feeding said fermented liquid into a vacuum vaporizer, (b) heating the feed in said vaporizer to separate it into a vapor and a concentrated liquid fraction, (c) recycling said vapor to said vaporizer by c... | 07/15/1986 |
| 4594466 | Recovery of alcohols A process for the separation of weak organic acids such as ethanol or methanol from dilute aqueous solutions thereof. The process comprises dissolving in the solution an amount of at least 26 grams/100 ml of solution of a base or a basic salt, such as pot... | 06/10/1986 |
| 4579663 | Apparatus and method for optimizing separation of an unknown sample by liquid chromatography An apparatus and method are disclosed to optimize resolution of unknown samples by liquid chromatography. A plurality of resolution experiments are performed where the solvents in the liquid chromatograph column are changed from one experiment to the next... | 04/01/1986 |
| 4578353 | Fermentation of glucose with recycle of non-fermented components A process is described for producing a fermentation product such as ethanol, in which a feedstock is formed consisting of a slurry of starch and acid combined with a recycle stream of non-fermented carbohydrate material from a fermenter. This combined fee... | 03/25/1986 |
| 4572898 | Thermophile isolate having thermostable hydrolytic activity This application represents an invention based upon the discovery of a novel thermophilic organism, its isolation from natural source and to the unique thermostable hydrolytic activity produced by this bacterium, this activity being useful for industrial ... | 02/25/1986 |
| 4568644 | Fermentation method producing ethanol Ethanol is the major end product of an anaerobic, thermophilic fermentation process using a mutant strain of bacterium Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum. This organism is capable of converting hexose and pentose carbohydrates to ethanol, acetic and lactic... | 02/04/1986 |
| 4567145 | Continuous production of ethanol by use of respiration deficient mutant yeast This invention provides a process for producing ethanol from a D-sugar in a continuous aerobic environment using a flocculant respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces uvarum in a single stage fermentor with a cell settling tank and cell recycle, at a... | 01/28/1986 |
| 4560659 | Ethanol production from fermentation of sugar cane A process for fermentation of sucrose wherein sucrose is extracted from sugar cane, and subjected to stoichiometric conversion into ethanol by yeast.... | 12/24/1985 |
| 4559109 | Dehydration of alcohol with extractive distillation A process for producing anhydrous ethanol from an ethanol-water mixture feedstock comprising subjecting the feedstock to distillation in a first distillation zone to produce an overhead vapor of from about 80 to about 90 weight percent ethanol, subjecting... | 12/17/1985 |
| 4556460 | Dehydration of ethanol A process and apparatus for dewatering an ethanol-water solution is disclosed wherein a carrier gas is used to vaporize the solution and transport the vapors to a sorbent where water is sorbed in preference to ethanol. The invention is particularly suited... | 12/03/1985 |
| 4546081 | Continuous alcohol fermentation process using immobilized yeast Continuous fermentation with yeast to produce alcohol is carried out by continuously passing a carbohydrate-containing substrate liquid through a vessel packed with a thin film means having yeast immobilized therein. Surfaces of the thin film means extend... | 10/08/1985 |
| 4544558 | Process for preparing carbohydrates from vegetal juice A process for producing carbohydrates from vegetal juice comprises extracting a vegetal juice from raw vegetal material, filtering the vegetal juice to remove material suspended therein, subjecting the resultant vegetal juice to an enzymatic reaction whic... | 10/01/1985 |
| 4524137 | Preparation of catalysts for biochemical conversion reactions A catalyst is disclosed, which can be used for carrying out, in a continuous manner simultaneously and in one and the same reaction space, two or more stages of a biochemical conversion reaction which is of the kind requiring, for certain reaction stages,... | 06/18/1985 |
| 4522920 | Production of ethanol A flow of fermenting liquor from a fermentor is separated into a yeast concentrate flow, which is recirculated to the fermentor, and a yeast-free flow which is separated in a simple evaporator unit into a first ethanol-enriched vapor flow and a first liqu... | 06/11/1985 |
| 4520105 | Process for production of sugars and optionally cellulose and lignin from lignocellulosic raw materials A process for the production of sugars, and optionally cellulose and lignin, from lignocellulosic vegetable materials which comprises subjecting the vegetable materials to a chemical pretreatment with a mixture of water and lower aliphatic alcohols and/or... | 05/28/1985 |
| 4518693 | Immobilized biocatalysts Biocatalysts such as microbial cells are immobilized by forming spherical gel beads containing the microbial cells from a hydrogel such as agar or carrageenan, incubating the beads for a time sufficient to permit the microbial cells to produce CO2 | 05/21/1985 |
| 4517298 | Process for producing fuel grade ethanol by continuous fermentation, solvent extraction and alcohol separation Alcohol substantially free of water is prepared by continuously fermenting a fermentable biomass feedstock in a fermentation unit, thereby forming an aqueous fermentation liquor containing alcohol and microorganisms. Continuously extracting a portion of a... | 05/14/1985 |
| 4515892 | Fermentation process In an ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentrati... | 05/07/1985 |
