Did You Know...
...that in 1800 ether was first used by partyers as a fun diversion? Sniffing the gas led to hilarious and raucous laughter as people watched each other become more and more intoxicated and silly. Several doctors independently realized the value ether would have to anesthetize surgery patients. Of those who claimed rights to the "discovery," none had a happy ending. One had a seizure and died defending his rights. Another spent his life in an asylum because he had been denied acclaim. A third became addicted to chloroform and, in a New York City jail, he soaked a cloth in the drug, severed an artery and bled to death.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7745026 | Direct carbon fueled solid oxide fuel cell or high temperature battery A direct carbon fuel electrochemical device and method for generating electricity. The apparatus includes a solid oxide electrolyte having an anode side and a cathode side. Carbon and at least one metal oxide are provided to the anode side for reaction at the anode ... | 06/29/2010 |
| 7488548 | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially tr... | 02/10/2009 |
| 7445859 | Organic fuel cell methods and apparatus A liquid organic, fuel cell is provided which employs a solid electrolyte membrane. An organic fuel, such as a methanol/water mixture, is circulated past an anode of a cell while oxygen or air is circulated past a cathode of the cell. The cell solid electrolyte memb... | 11/04/2008 |
| 7425384 | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially tr... | 09/16/2008 |
| 7358001 | Process for operating a regenerative fuel cell In the regenerative fuel cell, a positive chamber is separated from a negative chamber by a cation exchange membrane. The positive chamber comprises a positive electrode and a bromine-containing electrolyte. The negative chamber comprises a negative electrode and a ... | 04/15/2008 |
| 7354461 | Solid fuels for fuel cells A solid fuel for use in fuel cells is presented. The solid fuel includes solid oxygenates, and mixtures for generating a gaseous fuel from the solid fuel. The solid fuel can be contained in a cartridge and reacted with a liquid reactant for generating a gaseous fuel... | 04/08/2008 |
| 7353083 | Vanadium redox battery energy storage and power generation system incorporating and optimizing diesel engine generators A power generation system includes a vanadium redox battery that interfaces with a control system to optimize performance and efficiency. The power generation system may include one or more wind turbine generators and one or more diesel fuel generators. The control ... | 04/01/2008 |
| 7326480 | Fuel cell power system and method of controlling a fuel cell power system A fuel cell power system includes a fuel cell which has an optimal voltage; an energy storage device having a nominal voltage substantially similar to the optimal voltage of the fuel cell; and an electrical switch that, in operation, selectively electrically couples... | 02/05/2008 |
| 7320561 | System and method for handling bulk materials A bulk material handling system generally consisting of means for holding the material; means for conveying the material including a first conduit formed of a permeable material having an inlet communicating with an outlet of the material holding means and an outlet... | 01/22/2008 |
| 7314493 | Fuel composition in fuel cartridges for DMFCs Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, ... | 01/01/2008 |
| 7276309 | Methods and devices for controlling flow and particle fluidization in a fuel cell Improved fuel cell systems comprise a fuel delivery system having a fluidization apparatus and a fluidization pump for creating an electrolyte flow suitable for fluidizing at least a portion of the fuel particles located within the fluidization apparatus. Due to the... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7273537 | Method of production of metal particles through electrolysis A method of producing metal particles through electrolysis. A cathode having a plurality of active zones on a surface thereof is at least partially immersed in a reaction solution. The cathode is spaced from an anode also at least partially immersed in the reaction ... | 09/25/2007 |
| 7264897 | Fuel cell system A fuel cell system includes a fuel tank configured to store a fuel at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure; a vaporizer configured to vaporize the fuel; a reformer configured to reform the vaporized fuel into a hydrogen rich gas; a CO gas removal apparatus co... | 09/04/2007 |
| 7265456 | Power generation system incorporating a vanadium redox battery and a direct current wind turbine generator A power generation system includes a wind turbine generator and a vanadium redox battery to compensate for fluctuations in wind power. The wind turbine generator provides DC power that may be used to charge the vanadium redox battery. Generated DC power may also be ... | 09/04/2007 |
| 7255956 | Environmentally tolerant anode catalyst for a solid oxide fuel cell A solid oxide fuel cell includes a cathode, a solid ceramic electrolyte, and an anode comprising a cermet containing an environment tolerant catalyst, such as a fuel starvation and/or a sulfur tolerant catalyst. ... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7241525 | Fuel cell layer with reactor frame The present invention relates to a fuel cell layer with frames with a central axis comprising: at least a first and second unit fuel cell, wherein the first and second unit fuel cells are disposed adjacent each other to form a front side and back side of the fuel ce... | 07/10/2007 |
| 7241521 | Hydrogen/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell One embodiment of the present invention includes a technique of performing a catalytic oxidation reaction at an anode to provide hydrogen ions from molecular hydrogen and a catalytic reduction reaction at a cathode to provide hydroxyl ions from liquid hydrogen perox... | 07/10/2007 |
| 7227275 | Method for retrofitting wind turbine farms A power generation system with a predetermined rating limit includes one or more wind turbine generators and a vanadium redox battery. The vanadium redox battery absorbs excess energy to ensure that the rating limit is not exceeded, provide system stability, and imp... | 06/05/2007 |
| 7204862 | Packaged thin film batteries and methods of packaging thin film batteries A packaged battery (10) and method of producing such is provided having a thin film lithium battery cell (11) sealably encased within a packaging layer (12). The battery cell (11) includes a substrate (13), an anode (16), an... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7195652 | Method for forming compact chemical reactors with reactor frames The invention relates to a method making a compact chemical reactor with high aspect ratio cavities comprising the steps: forming at least one intermediate assembly, consisting of: at least one frame comprising: a process layer, a perimeter barrier and at least one ... | 03/27/2007 |
| 7192460 | Reformate cooling system and method for use in a fuel processing subsystem A cooling system (10) is provided for use with a fuel processing subsystem (12) for reducing a level of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow (14) for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system (16). The fuel processing subsystem (12 | 03/20/2007 |
| 7194315 | Coated electrode and method of making a coated electrode An electrode having a substrate with a first layer covering at least a portion of the substrate, and a second layer covering at least a portion of the first layer is disclosed. The first layer includes a porous layer consisting of a carbide, nitride or carbonitride ... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7166381 | Air breathing direct methanol fuel cell pack Provided is an air breathing direct methanol fuel cell pack including membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) forming a plurality of single cells having an electrolyte membrane, a plurality of anodes on a first plane of the electrolyte membrane and a plurality of catho... | 01/23/2007 |
| 7163758 | Integrated plasma fuel cell process A method for efficiently producing energy, carbon, carbon monoxide, synthetic carbonaceous liquid and gaseous fuels and hydrogen from fossil or biomass fuels with minimal carbon dioxide emissions. The method includes using an Electric Arc Hydrogen Plasma Black React... | 01/16/2007 |
| 7156972 | Method for controlling the ferric ion content of a plating bath containing iron A system and method for reducing ferric ion content in a plating solution by exposing hydrogen to an electrode in a plating solution for reducing a ferric ion content in the plating solution. ... | 01/02/2007 |
| 7137759 | System and method for handling bulk materials A bulk material handling system generally consisting of means for holding the material; means for conveying the material including a first conduit formed of a permeable material having an inlet communicating with an outlet of the material holding means and an outlet... | 11/21/2006 |
| 7132188 | Fuel cells and fuel cell catalysts A direct organic fuel cell includes a formic acid fuel solution having between about 10% and about 95% formic acid. The formic acid is oxidized at an anode. The anode may include a Pt/Pd catalyst that promotes the direct oxidation of the formic acid via a direct rea... | 11/07/2006 |
| 7129000 | Battery and method for generating an electric power For utilizing the chemical energy of a sugar directly as electric energy, electrolytic oxidation of a sugar on the negative electrode associated with cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond thereof is employed, thereby generating an electromotive force between the positive... | 10/31/2006 |
| 7122269 | Hydronium-oxyanion energy cell An energy cell for producing electrical energy and a fuel being a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen from aqueous solutions of hydronium and oxyanions. The aqueous solution of hydronium ions is delivered to a cathode in a cathode compartment where the ions are reduced b... | 10/17/2006 |
| 7115338 | Battery and method for generating electricity A positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte intervening between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are employed, and a molecule capable of being excited due to absorption of light and electrochemically oxidizing carbohydrate is prov... | 10/03/2006 |
| 7097858 | Polyoxometalate materials, metal-containing materials, and methods of use thereof Polyoxometalate topical compositions for removing contaminants from an environment and methods of use thereof are disclosed. An embodiment of the polyoxometalate topical composition includes a topical carrier and at least one polyoxometalate, with the proviso that t... | 08/29/2006 |
| 7067217 | Compact fuel cell layer The fuel cell layer with a central axis includes a first and a second unit fuel cell, an oxidant plenum comprising an oxidant; and a fuel plenum comprises a fuel; and each unit fuel cell comprises: a first and second process layer; a first cavity and second cavity f... | 06/27/2006 |
| 7063910 | Compact chemical reactor with reactor frame The compact chemical reactor with a central axis includes at least two unit reactors disposed adjacent to each other to form front and back sides of the compact chemical reactor; a front and back reactant plenum communicating with the front and back side respectivel... | 06/20/2006 |
| 7052795 | Compact chemical reactor The compact chemical reactor includes one or more unit reactors, a front reactant plenum, and a back reactant plenum. Each unit reactor is made of a front and back process layer, a front and back cavity, and a front and back perimeter barrier. The resulting assembla... | 05/30/2006 |
| 7029778 | Fuel cell with simultaneous gas generation The present invention is a method of generating electrical energy from chemically generated hydrogen and oxygen including the steps of establishing a first reaction compartment, generating hydrogen gas from a reaction of aluminum metal and aqueous alkali solution in... | 04/18/2006 |
| 6977002 | Fuel reforming apparatus and the method of starting it A reforming catalyst is composed of a plurality of catalyst layers arranged in series, and when started from a low temperature, preheated air is supplied in parallel to a point upstream of each catalyst layer, thereby the catalyst in each layer is self-heated simult... | 12/20/2005 |
| 6946104 | Chemical hydride hydrogen generation system and an energy system incorporating the same A chemical hydride hydrogen generation system and an energy system incorporating the same are provided. The hydrogen generation system comprises: a storage tank for storing a chemical hydride solution; a reactor containing a catalyst; a pump for supplying the chemic... | 09/20/2005 |
| 6946215 | Molton hydride fuel cell A fuel cell assembly comprises at least one fuel cell. The fuel cell comprises an anode and a cathode held in a spaced apart relationship by at least one spacer element comprising an electrically insulating material. A proximal end of the spacer element is in contac... | 09/20/2005 |
| 6942105 | In-line filtration for a particle-based electrochemical power system A system for filtering particles within a multiphase fluid that comprises a particulate phase is disclosed. The system comprises a first plurality of substantially parallel, substantially planar thin slabs separated by a predetermined distance to retain particles ha... | 09/13/2005 |
| 6944010 | Charge storage device A charge storage device (1) includes a sealed prismatic housing (2). Two opposed folded rectangular aluminium electrodes (3, 4) are disposed within housing (2) and connected to respective metal terminals (5, 6) for allowing externa... | 09/13/2005 |
