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3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8155533 | Optical transmitting apparatus and optical communication system A waveform converting unit gives a change to a clock signal as a periodic voltage fluctuation that drives a pulse carver unit carrying out shaping into an RZ waveform. The pulse carver unit receives a bias voltage applied thereto from a bias voltage applying unit, i... | 04/10/2012 |
| 8116635 | Polarization multiplexing and transmitting apparatus A polarization multiplexing and transmitting apparatus generates polarization multiplexed light by multiplexing modulated signal components that having varying intensities and are in polarization states orthogonal to each other. The polarization multiplexing and tra... | 02/14/2012 |
| 8073338 | Modulation scheme with increased number of states of polarization A modulation method for optical communication comprises the step of generating an optical signal modulated between a plurality of different states of polarization and between different phase states. The plurality of states of polarization comprises first states of p... | 12/06/2011 |
| 7844186 | Method and apparatus for optical transmission Methods and apparatus are provided for transmitting alternate-polarization phase-shift-keyed data. The output of a laser is modulated to optically encode electronic data using phase shift keying (PSK) to generate an optical signal. An alternate polarization PSK (APo... | 11/30/2010 |
| 7715730 | Method for optical transmission of a polarization division multiplexed signal The polarization-multiplexed signal contains two data signals that are orthogonally polarized in relation to one another. Their carrier signals are derived from the same source and thus have the same wavelength. The phase difference between the carrier signals, is a... | 05/11/2010 |
| 7672598 | Carrier signal suppression and extraction system A carrier signal extraction system for suppressing and extracting a carrier signal component and transmitting a double sideband component includes a polarized light source for transmitting a polarized light signal output; a polarization modulator with a first input ... | 03/02/2010 |
| 7421209 | Optical wavelength multiplexing FSK modulation method An optical wavelength multiplexing frequency shift keying modulation system. The system includes an optical wavelength multiplexing signal acquisition unit for outputting an optical wavelength multiplexing signal. A n optical frequency shift keying modulation unit a... | 09/02/2008 |
| 7421210 | Optical transmission method and system An optical transmitter splits a linear polarization optical carrier into a TE wave and a TM wave. One of the TE wave and the TM wave is phase-modulated with a transmission data so as to generate a phase-modulated signal. The phase-modulated signal and the other one ... | 09/02/2008 |
| 7415212 | Data communication system, data transmitter and data receiver A transmitter formed of two or more light-emitting sections such as LEDs, which are physically arranged in a predetermined manner, is disposed in the real world object, and each light-emitting section transmits data by flashing at a flashing pattern representing the... | 08/19/2008 |
| 7398023 | Method and apparatus for bias and alignment control in an optical signal transmitter A method and apparatus for controlling bias and alignment in an optical signal transmitter for providing intensity modulation and DPSK modulation to an optical signal, e.g. in an RZ-DPSK modulation format. Output power in dither signals applied to the bias signals m... | 07/08/2008 |
| 7398022 | Optical return-to-zero phase-shift keying with improved transmitters An apparatus and a method for transmitting at least a digital optical signal with return-to-zero phase-shift keying, employing a single optical modulator with dual-drive design, the encoded optical signal having improved spectral efficiency and performances and bein... | 07/08/2008 |
| 7391978 | Optical signal transmitter and optical signal transmission system The invention provides an optical signal transmitter low in noise and in distortion and provides an optical signal transmission system using this optical signal transmitter. The optical signal transmitter includes a plurality of frequency modulation means for... | 06/24/2008 |
| 7376358 | Location specific optical monitoring An optical spike is generated at an arbitrarily selected location within an arbitrary optical link. The optical spike is generated by deriving a spike signal having a plurality of components, and launching the spike signal into the a transmitter end of the optical l... | 05/20/2008 |
| 7369773 | Methods and systems for polarization control and polarization mode dispersion compensation for wideband optical signals An optical processing method includes: receiving an optical signal from an optical system, wherein the optical signal is distorted by frequency-dependent polarization effects in the optical system; spatially dispersing frequency components of the distorted optical s... | 05/06/2008 |
| 7343100 | Optical communications based on optical polarization multiplexing and demultiplexing This application describes techniques for optical multiplexing and demultiplexing in optical communication systems based on polarization multiplexing of different signal channels. ... | 03/11/2008 |
| 7336908 | Optical transmission system using optical signal processing in terminals for improved system performance An optical communication system configured to operate with optical signals at lower signal to noise ratios than previously contemplated. The communication system includes a receiver having an optical pre-processor coupled between a demultiplexer and a detector. The ... | 02/26/2008 |
| 7333736 | Method and apparatus for controlling modulator phase alignment in a transmitter of an optical communications system A method and apparatus for controlling phase alignment in a modulator of a transmitter in an optical communications system utilizes an RF power signature to tune phase alignment. A portion of the optical signal is tapped and converted to an electrical signal. An ele... | 02/19/2008 |
| 7317877 | Optical communications systems, devices, and methods Systems, apparatuses, and methods for producing and utilizing orthogonal optical data signals, which can be produced by modulating electrical data signals onto orthogonal polarization components of an optical carrier traveling in opposite directions in a common modu... | 01/08/2008 |
| 7317845 | Optical modulator having reduced bandwidth requirements and method of operation thereof An optical modulator is overdriven to increase its nonlinearity and therefore improve its response as it pertains to differential phase shift keyed (DPSK) transmission and a method of operating the same. In one embodiment, the MZM includes an MZM drive circuit coupl... | 01/08/2008 |
| 7308204 | Noise suppressing method and apparatus thereof In the invention, an input light including a signal light and a noise light within a signal wavelength band of the signal light is divided into a first component with a polarization parallel to a polarization direction of the signal light and a second component with... | 12/11/2007 |
| 7292793 | Synchronous amplitude modulation for improved performance of optical transmission systems A method and apparatus is provided that yields improved performance of both single channel and WDM long-distance optical transmission systems by synchronously modulating of the transmitted signal's amplitude. An amplitude modulator receives an optical signal onto wh... | 11/06/2007 |
| 7289735 | Apparatus for emitting light with controllable degree of polarization A laser apparatus is disclosed combining polarized light beams from two optical emitters into a combined beam of light with controllable degree of polarization (DoP). The laser apparatus includes a polarization combiner for combining the polarized beams into the com... | 10/30/2007 |
| 7280764 | Optical signal multiplexer/demultiplexer employing pseudorandom mode modulation An optical signal multiplexer/demultiplexer using an orthogonal pseudorandom (PRN) coding scheme for optical mode modulation to produce a plurality of independent optical signals that may be combined into one multiplex signal for transmission over an optical fiber t... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7277646 | Duobinary optical transmitter An optical transmitter for generating an optical signal includes: a precoder for coding an electrical signal of binary data; a continuous-wave (CW) light source for generating a continuous wave light; an optical phase modulator for modulating the phase of an optical... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7257332 | Optical transmitter and its control method An optical transmitter comprises an amplitude modulation unit performing amplitude modulation of only a one-side amplitude of a main signal with a low-frequency signal having a predetermined frequency. An optical modulator receives an input signal generated after th... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7215893 | RF photonics residual error correction A fiber optic communication system is provided that includes a light source adapted to emit a system optical signal and an electrical signal source adapted to provide a data input electrical signal. Additionally, the fiber optic communication system includes a feed ... | 05/08/2007 |
| 7212691 | Polarization-shaped duobinary optical transmission apparatus A polarization-shaped duobinary optical transmission apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a light source that generates light having a continuous wave, an optical intensity modulator that converts the light into an optical intensity signal based upon an in... | 05/01/2007 |
| 7206466 | Polarization dependent loss loop A system and method for reducing polarization dependent loss in optical circuits is disclosed. The system includes a first optical device having an output, and a polarization controller optically coupled to the first optical device for adjusting a polarization state... | 04/17/2007 |
| 7202996 | Optical amplifier For setting the optical gain of an optical amplifier such as a Raman amplifier that is connected in a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, the gain of the amplifier is made dependent on the states of optical polarizers connected to individual inputs of a W... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7200344 | Receiver and method for a multichannel optical communication system A method and system for transmitting information in a wavelength division multiplex (WDM) or other suitable multichannel optical communication system includes receiving a multichannel signal having a symbol rate and comprising a plurality of non-intensity modulated ... | 04/03/2007 |
| 7194211 | Method and system for 80 and 160 gigabit-per-second QRZ transmission in 100 GHz optical bandwidth with enhanced receiver performance Optical transmitter/receivers for use in a DWDM systems are provided. Transmission of data signals in a quadrature-return-to-zero (QRZ) format achieves a data transmission rate equal to eight times a base data rate, i.e., 80 Gbps over a 100 GHz channel if the base d... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7187860 | Method and apparatus for detecting localized polarization dependent anomalies on optical transmission lines The position and amount of localized polarization dependent anomalies such as polarization mode dispersion and/or polarization dependent loss may be measured by applying a polarization modulated probe signal to an optical transmission line. The polarization modulate... | 03/06/2007 |
| 7167651 | System and method for code division multiplexed optical communication A system for optical communication forms a family of orthogonal optical codes modulated by a data stream. The orthogonal codes are formed by creating a stream of evenly spaced-apart pulses using a pulse spreader circuit and modulating the pulses in amplitude and/or ... | 01/23/2007 |
| 7154670 | Methods and apparatus for polarization control Methods and apparatus of performing polarization control for optical transmissions. The methods and apparatus enable polarization control devices to achieve a desired output state of polarization regardless of the input state of polarization. The desired state of po... | 12/26/2006 |
| 7155131 | Optical communication devices, light emission devices and optical communication methods The invention relates to optical communication devices, light emission devices and optical communication methods. Aspects of the present invention provide methods and devices enable provision of modulated output optical signals without providing modulation of total ... | 12/26/2006 |
| 7155127 | Optical communication system, optical communication unit, and optical transceiving package Cost-reduction in an optical communication unit is achieved by using spectrum-sliced modulated broadband light for transmitting upstream signals, instead of using laser light. An optical communication system includes at least one pair of optical communication units ... | 12/26/2006 |
| 7146103 | Optical communications using multiplexed single sideband transmission and heterodyne detection A transmitter subsystem generates an optical signal which contains multiple subbands of information. The subbands have different polarization. For example, in one approach, two or more optical transmitters generate optical signals which have different polarization. ... | 12/05/2006 |
| 7142788 | Optical communications systems, devices, and methods Systems, apparatuses, and methods for producing and utilizing orthogonal optical data signals, which can be produced by modulating electrical data signals onto orthogonal polarization components of an optical carrier traveling in opposite directions in a common modu... | 11/28/2006 |
| 7120364 | Optical modulator and method for polarization bit interleaving The invention relates to optical communications using techniques for providing efficient high speed polarization bit interleaving. One common architecture for high-speed time-division-multiplexing employs two modulators having a same bit rate, wherein two separately... | 10/10/2006 |
| 7076169 | System and method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexed optical communication A system for optical communication send optical signals over a plurality of wavelength channels. Each wavelength channel comprises a number of orthogonal subchannel frequencies which are spaced apart from one another by a predetermined amount. Each of the subchannel... | 07/11/2006 |
