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"Rail travel at high speeds is not possible because passengers, unable to breathe, would die of asphyxia."
Dionysius Lardner, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at University College, London ; 1830
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 5351142 | Semi-transparent reflective layer for a phase hologram A phase hologram is embossed in a mylar web having a tin tungsten oxide reflective layer deposited upon. The embossed microtexture produces a hologram that is semi-transparent, thereby allowing the visualization of indicia underlying the hologram.... | 09/27/1994 |
| 5347111 | Authenticity identifying structure for an article For the purpose of identifying the authenticity of an article, an incident detecting light beam having a certain wave length and a polarization plane extending in a certain direction is projected from a light emitting element, and the plane of polarizatio... | 09/13/1994 |
| 5331443 | Laser engraved verification hologram and associated methods A method for increasing the authentication effect of a verification hologram to be affixed to a protected document includes laser etching individualized indicia into the reflective layer of each hologram produced en masse on a moving, continuous web. The ... | 07/19/1994 |
| 5319475 | Tamper resisting holographic security seal A tamper resistant security seal is a laminated tape having a transparent carrier layer (2); an optical, diffraction pattern defining layer (3,4); and an adhesive layer (6) for adhering the tape to a substrate. The optical pattern, such as a hologram, def... | 06/07/1994 |
| 5319476 | Multiply recorded hologram for security A hologram containing information recorded such a manner that it is difficult to read. A Lippmann hologram (10) contains photoelectrically readable information (13) recorded so as to be reconstructible only with a specific invisible wavelength (6) in the ... | 06/07/1994 |
| 5314767 | Holographic products with improved seals An improved process for cutting and simultaneously sealing the cut edges of holographic materials comprising cutting with a hot cutting tool. Suitable cutting tools include a steel rule die, a hot tipped cutter, and a laser. The resulting product can be a... | 05/24/1994 |
| 5310222 | Optical device An optical security device for use on a security article comprises a number of layers including an optically diffracting layer and an at least partially reflective layer which together generate a first image. A non-optically diffracting second image is pr... | 05/10/1994 |
| 5306899 | Authentication system for an item having a holographic display using a holographic record In order to improve security for holographic labels which are positioned on a substrate base, a bar code symbol is holographically recorded on the base such as a credit card, a label, or a container for a product. A reading apparatus (e.g., a bar code rea... | 04/26/1994 |
| 5300764 | Transparent optical identification label with infrared directivity An optical identification label consisting of an area of hologram or diffraction grating which is transparent to visible light but reflects incident light with a specific reflective directivity. By identifying the reflectivity directivity, it is possible ... | 04/05/1994 |
| 5271644 | Security device comprising optically variable data and method for making the same A security-printing device comprising: (i) a substrate; (ii) a toner image adhered to said substrate; and, (iii) a layer of an optically variable material adhered solely to said toner image, whereby said optically variable material is selected to provide ... | 12/21/1993 |
| 5267753 | Holographic bank draft A bank draft form may incorporate a hologram as an anti-counterfeit measure. The hologram may extend over a substantial portion of the bank draft form, including the signature entry area and other data entry areas of the form, e.g. the date, payee, and am... | 12/07/1993 |
| 5155604 | Coated paper sheet embossed with a diffraction or holographic pattern A decorative substrate consisting of a paper base sheet coated with a thermoplastic material, involving a novel technique for coating and embossing the substrate. The paper sheeting is supplied with a thermoplastic material, as by coating or extrusion. Th... | 10/13/1992 |
| 5145212 | Non-continuous holograms, methods of making them and articles incorporating them Non-continuous reflective holograms or diffraction gratings are provided in various forms for authenticating documents and things, and for decorative and product packaging applications. In one specific authentication application, such a hologram or diffra... | 09/08/1992 |
| 5142383 | Holograms with discontinuous metallization including alpha-numeric shapes Non-continuous reflective hologram or diffraction grating devices are provided in various forms for authenticating documents and things, such as those that contain visual information desired to be protected from alteration. Examples of such information in... | 08/25/1992 |
| 5138468 | Keyless holographic lock A keyless holographic locking device that uses a matched optical filter to store in form of a hologram a unique identificaton such as a fingerprint of an authorized user, a source of coherent light that provides the illumination, and an input element for ... | 08/11/1992 |
| 5128779 | Non-continuous holograms, methods of making them and articles incorporating them Non-continuous reflective holograms or diffraction gratings are provided in various forms for authenticating documents and things, and for decorative and product packaging applications. In one specific authentication application, such a hologram or diffra... | 07/07/1992 |
| 5095194 | Holographic credit card with automatical authentication and verification A holographic credit card that uses a matched optical filter to store in form of a hologram a unique identification such as a fingerprint of the authorized user, a source of coherent light that provides the illumination, and the input element in the appro... | 03/10/1992 |
| 5085514 | Technique of forming a separate information bearing printed pattern on replicas of a hologram or other surface relief diffraction pattern A method and system for replicating microstructure surface relief patterns, such as diffraction patterns including holograms, by casting. A liquid casting resin is held between a surface relief master of the microstructure to be replicated and a substrate... | 02/04/1992 |
| 5059776 | Bar code field and bar code reader An article of manufacture contains a substrate which contains a bar code field containing bar elements and background elements. The bar code elements have embossed, optically-reactive, microscopic periodic, relief structures which are suitable for optical... | 10/22/1991 |
| 5044707 | Holograms with discontinuous metallization including alpha-numeric shapes Non-continuous reflective hologram or diffraction grating devices are provided in various forms for authenticating documents and things, such as those that contain visual information desired to be protected from alteration. Examples of such information in... | 09/03/1991 |
| 5026132 | Method of producing and reproducing holograms In a method of taking and reproducing photographs in which a hologram in the substrate of the photograph is superposed on the photograph and is produced, e.g., by the Lippmann-Bragg process by an object beam and a reference beam from the same light source... | 06/25/1991 |
| 5024495 | Computer software protection, by optical effects This apparatus and method protects software from unauthorized distribution and use, by utilizing the fact that holograms and other optical effects-producing media are extremely difficult to copy. A hologram, series of holograms, or other optical media, ar... | 06/18/1991 |
| 4913504 | Documents or like articles bearing holograms A document or like article produced by a process which provides a three-dimensional, light-diffracting pattern comprising a hologram on a surface of a transparent material layer which may be extremely thin and non-self-supporting, and which secures this l... | 04/03/1990 |
| 4876725 | Method and apparatus for fingerprint verification The invention relates to an optical processing fingerprint verification device. A light source illuminates a prism upon which the user has placed two fingers to that light reflected from the prism is modulated by the data of the users fingerprints. The fi... | 10/24/1989 |
| 4832445 | Security diffraction devices difficult to exactly duplicate Holograms, including diffraction gratings, and methods of making them, that reconstruct an image which changes as the hologram is tilted with respect to the viewer and in a manner that images reconstructed from copies made of the hologram in monochromatic... | 05/23/1989 |
| 4820006 | Holographic identification system using incoherent light Apparatus and method for a holographic identification system used to determine the presence and identification of objects with tags and labels placed on persons, articles, goods, merchandise, documents, credit cards, identification cards and the like. The... | 04/11/1989 |
| 4802758 | Device for quality control of holograms The device consists essentially of a frame designed to support the hologram, at least one source of electromagnetic radiation, at least one sensor and a processing unit which, in at least one predetermined relative position assumed by the aforesaid frame,... | 02/07/1989 |
| 4662653 | Optically diffracting security element A security element for authenticating bank notes, credit cards, security passes and the like is disclosed. The security element incorporates a reflective-type diffraction grating, which grating comprises a continuous layer of reflecting material on which ... | 05/05/1987 |
| 4568141 | Document having an optical-diffraction authenticating element A document includes a substrate which has an outer surface and defines a plane, and a coordinate system which is defined with respect to the plane. A diffraction-optical authenticating element covers at least part of the outer surface, and generates at le... | 02/04/1986 |
| 4563024 | Hologram identification device An identification device in the form of a security card or anti-counterfeiting label which comprises a hologram visible by reflection in incident natural light, the film emulsion having been permanently deformed so that the interference fringe spacings di... | 01/07/1986 |
| 4304809 | Identity card with grid images Disclosed is an identity card having grid images thereon comprised of a linear grid structure. In various embodiments, the grid depths of the individual grid images differ and can produce several different image colors. The card in a further embodiment ca... | 12/08/1981 |
| 4269473 | Identification card with a hologram and a process for the production thereof An identification card, which has an increased safeguard against counterfeiting, comprises both a hologram containing information and information which is visible recorded in a single layer of recording material disposed on a substrate. The card is produc... | 05/26/1981 |
| 4171766 | Falsification-proof identification card having a Lippmann-Bragg hologram An identification card with a holographic security safeguard in the form of a large area Lippmann-Bragg hologram recorded on a layer or sheet-like carrier disposed on a face of the identification card, capable of being read out without the use of laser li... | 10/23/1979 |
| 4171864 | Identification document and display unit therefor An identification document contains idential data both in visual and holographic form. Simultaneous display of the visual data and holographic data in closely adjacent relationship permits ready detection of counterfeiting, alteration and misuse.... | 10/23/1979 |
| 4163290 | Holographic verification system with indexed memory A verification system utilizing a holographic memory defined by a multiplicity of individual holograms on a photographic strip arranged side by side in elongate, parallel, hologram channels of substantially equal length. A holographic index on the strip i... | 07/31/1979 |
| 4150781 | Access authentication system This invention describes a system for access control, wherein a control card is presented to a control means. If the control card is authenticated, then access is gained. If it is not authenticated, access is not gained, the control card is retained, and ... | 04/24/1979 |
| 4131337 | Comparison reader for holographic identification cards Disclosed are a method and apparatus for verifying an identification card or the like having visible indicia thereon and also having on a portion thereof a hologram of said visible indicia as originally placed on the identification card. The method compri... | 12/26/1978 |
| 4126373 | Holographic identification elements and method and apparatus for manufacture thereof An identification element having an integral holographic recording as part thereof and method and apparatus for manufacture. The identification element is formed using an interference pattern from an object and reference laser beam wherein information on ... | 11/21/1978 |
| 4120559 | Method of establishing secret information A method for establishing and reading secret information using holographic interference pattern techniques. A holographic plate is placed in a holder and exposed with a laser light reflected from an object and a reference laser light to create a hologram.... | 10/17/1978 |
| 4119361 | Multilayer identification card A multi-ply identification card for storage of machine-readable information includes optical markings disposed between protective layers. At least one of the protective layers can be penetrated by infrared light, and both are opaque to light of lesser wav... | 10/10/1978 |
