...Chester Carlson was a patent agent who tired of having to make multiple copies of patent applications using the only duplication method available at the time: carbon paper. In 1959 he came up with a new copying system and took it to IBM for evaluation. The "experts" at IBM determined potential sales to be only 5,000 units because people wouldn't want to use a bulky machine when they had carbon paper. Carlson's invention was the xerography process, the company founded on the system is Xerox.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8184295 | Tablet analysis and measurement system The present subject matter relates to multivariate optical analysis systems employ multivariate optical elements and utilize multivariate optical computing methods to determine information about a product carried by light reflected from or transmitted through the pr... | 05/22/2012 |
| 8134710 | Particulate detector system A particulate detector system is provided that can sense particulates (such as smoke in the air). The system employs a reflected light system that generally avoids making measurements of light intensity. Instead, coded signals are compared with one another to determ... | 03/13/2012 |
| 8125643 | Method and a system for determination of particles in a liquid sample The present invention relates to a method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electroma... | 02/28/2012 |
| 8120775 | Sensor device and for determining a physical value A sensor device for determining a physical value using a laser, whose emission behavior can be affected by the physical value is described. The laser is arranged to emit at least two concurrent modes lying above a laser threshold and the physical value is determined... | 02/21/2012 |
| 8115930 | Methods and apparatus for analyzing samples and collecting sample fractions Methods and apparatus for analyzing a sample using at least one detector are disclosed. ... | 02/14/2012 |
| 8107080 | Environmental control of fluid samples, calibration, and detection of concentration levels According to example configurations herein, a system includes an inertial filter, a temperature controller, and analyzer. The inertial filter has multiple ports including a first port, a second port, and a third port. A sample gas flows between the first port and th... | 01/31/2012 |
| 8094312 | Apparatus and methods for analyzing samples The present invention relates to apparatus, systems, and methods for analyzing biological samples. The apparatus, systems, and methods can involve using a vacuum source to pull microfluidic volumes through analytical equipment, such as flow cells and the like. Addit... | 01/10/2012 |
| 8094311 | Spectroscopic method of determining the amount of an analyte in a mixture of analytes The invention relates to a multivariate calibration which can be used when the optical system used for that method does not comprise a multi-channel detector such as a CCD sensor or a line array of photodiodes. An optical system without a multi-channel detector does... | 01/10/2012 |
| 8089629 | Fuel property detection apparatus It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel property detection apparatus that excels in durability and reliability and is capable of accurately detecting the biofuel concentration in a mixture of hydrocarbon fuel and biofuel with a compact and simple ... | 01/03/2012 |
| 8081313 | Method and apparatus for monitoring gas concentration in a fluid A monitor for monitoring gas concentration in an aerospace application is described, one such application being measuring the concentration of oxygen in or next to aviation fuel. The monitor comprises: a substance, the spectroscopic properties of which change when t... | 12/20/2011 |
| 8081312 | Method and a system for determination of particles in a liquid sample The present invention relates to a method for the assessment of quantity and quality parameters of biological particles in a liquid analyte material. The method comprises applying a volume of a liquid sample to an exposing domain from which exposing domain electroma... | 12/20/2011 |
| 8077316 | Chlorine dioxide sensor A chemical sensor is disclosed. The sensor has a test chamber for receiving chemicals in a gaseous state, the test chamber having two substantially transparent windows at first and second ends of the test chamber. The sensor uses a pulse operated ultraviolet light e... | 12/13/2011 |
| 8077315 | Multiple path length transmittance measuring device A device to measure the amount of light able to transmit through a test liquid sample. A single lamp is used to illuminate a liquid sample cell containing the test water. A light detector is fixed relative to the lamp and is used to detect the amount of light from t... | 12/13/2011 |
| 8072604 | Apparatus for detecting properties of fuel for working machine An apparatus for detecting a property of fuel detects the property of fuel at the time of fuel supply. A measuring chamber member is provided to a fuel tank. The greater portion of fuel supplied from a fuel supply nozzle falls down from a fuel supply aperture via a ... | 12/06/2011 |
| 8064061 | Sample analyzer and sample analyzing method A sample analyzer is disclosed that comprising: a light source section for emitting light; a first optical information acquiring section for illuminating a sample with the light emitted by the light source section, and for acquiring first optical information; and a ... | 11/22/2011 |
| 8064062 | Photometric apparatus and automatic analyzer A photometric apparatus and an automatic analyzer in which liquid samples contained in vessels are measured with light of different wavelengths while the vessels are transferred are provided. A photometric apparatus includes light sources that are arranged in the mo... | 11/22/2011 |
| 7961327 | Optical pH sensor A method to sense pH of a fluid and an optical pH sensor. The method includes the steps of supplying at least a portion of an optical source through an input fiber. The optical source is passed through a sensor head having a sapphire window to a fluid. Optical power... | 06/14/2011 |
| 7957002 | Method for optical measurement and optical measurement apparatus An optical measurement apparatus can be provided, in which the sample is optically measured without loss of the illuminating light with high sensitivity. A glass plate as the transparent member 50 is placed in the interface between the end face 43 of t... | 06/07/2011 |
| 7948625 | Apparatus and methods for analyzing samples The present invention relates to apparatus, systems, and methods for analyzing biological samples. The apparatus, systems, and methods can involve using a vacuum source to pull microfluidic volumes through analytical equipment, such as flow cells and the like. Addit... | 05/24/2011 |
| 7936459 | Apparatus with probe An apparatus adapted to obtain a profile of a density gradient sample independently of fractionation is provided. The apparatus includes a light source, a probe comprising a first probe needle actuatable to extend into a tube containing a sample, a first light-trans... | 05/03/2011 |
| 7911615 | Method and apparatus for measuring the color properties of fluids An apparatus for inspection of fluids having a fluid analysis cell with a cavity therein enclosed by two light transmitting windows and having a spacer member fixedly positioned therebetween which provides a fluid analysis chamber of fixed pathlength where fluid flo... | 03/22/2011 |
| 7847944 | Multi-path flow cell correction A Method of correcting a multi-path absorbance measuring system is suggested. The multi-path absorbance measuring system has a plurality of n measuring path: The method is executed by correcting the signal of the measuring paths based on a determined linearization f... | 12/07/2010 |
| 7835003 | Optical pH sensor An optical sensor for pH is described using a cross-linked network of bisilanes to immobilize a pH sensitive chromophore to a surface potentially exposed to a high pressure, high temperature environment such as wellbore effluents at a downhole location. ... | 11/16/2010 |
| 7817276 | Distinguishing objects While objects travel through an optical cavity, the cavity provides output light that is affected by the objects, causing the output light to have a varying intensity function. The output light is photosensed to obtain sensing results that depend on the varying inte... | 10/19/2010 |
| 7817277 | Fiber optic probe and related apparatus, systems and methods for making optics-based measurements of liquid samples A fiber-optic probe includes first and second optical fibers disposed in a body, a liquid sampling region between ends of the fibers and a reflector, and apertures communicating with the sampling region. The probe may be inserted in media in a vessel. Optical signal... | 10/19/2010 |
| 7796262 | Integrated optical resonator device for measuring chemical and biological analyte concentrations The current invention provides methods for detecting trace analytes in solution or suspension using coupled micro-ring resonators. The methods of the current invention determine the presence and concentration of the target analytes in real time by exposing the micro... | 09/14/2010 |
| 7796264 | Method and system for enhanced remote detection of low concentration vapors There is provided a method for detecting a target material, preferably a solid or liquid target material. The method may comprise the steps of targeting a material for analysis, heating the material with a heating source from a remote distance to effectively increas... | 09/14/2010 |
| 7796263 | Method and apparatus for determining fluid content downhole Method and apparatus for estimating a downhole fluid parameter include a high-gain semiconductor light emitter device conveyed into a well borehole, a semiconductor light emitter having a gain region that produces light having a first center wavelength responsive to... | 09/14/2010 |
| 7782461 | Flow rate measuring device A flow metering device and method for monitoring flow of a liquid, has a body with an inlet port and an outlet port. A flow chamber is formed therein between a pair of laterally placed windows in the flow chamber. A light emitting source placed in one of the windows... | 08/24/2010 |
| 7773227 | Optofluidic microscope device featuring a body comprising a fluid channel and having light transmissive regions An optofluidic microscope device is disclosed. The device includes a fluid channel having a surface and an object such as a bacterium or virus may flow through the fluid channel. Light imaging elements in the bottom of the fluid channel may be used to image the obje... | 08/10/2010 |
| 7768646 | Methods and systems for detecting and/or determining the concentration of a fluid Methods and systems detect the presence of a fluid, such as water, based on a reflection of optical energy from the fluid. Methods and systems also determine the concentration of a constituent element in a mixture based on a reflection of optical energy from the mix... | 08/03/2010 |
| 7755763 | Attenuated total reflection sensor An attenuated total reflection (“ATR”) sensor (3) determines a substance dissolved in a measurement medium (2). A method is taught to verify a calibration and/or to perform an in-line calibration of the sensor. The ATR sensor includes a housing ( | 07/13/2010 |
| 7751049 | Photo sensing fluid contamination and quality monitor A fluid quality monitoring apparatus (100) comprising a fluid flow channel (120) having a photo sensing material (104) disposed upon a first surface and a light source emitting light (132) through an opposing light transitive surface (... | 07/06/2010 |
| 7751050 | Photo sensing fluid contamination and quality monitor A fluid quality monitoring apparatus (100) comprising a fluid flow channel (120) having a photo sensing material (104) disposed upon a first surface and a light source emitting light (132) through an opposing light transitive surface (... | 07/06/2010 |
| 7751048 | Optofluidic microscope device Optofluidic microscope devices and methods of using optofluidic microscope devices, where each optofluidic device comprises a body with a fluid channel having a surface, light transmissive regions in the body wherein the light transmissive regions have different dim... | 07/06/2010 |
| 7733490 | Apparatus and methods to analyze downhole fluids using ionized fluid samples Apparatus and methods to analyze downhole fluids are described herein. A disclosed example method involves obtaining a sample of a downhole fluid, and depressurizing at least a portion of the sample. Additionally, a disclosed example method involves ionizing at leas... | 06/08/2010 |
| 7724371 | Device for examining a fluid by uniform illumination using a configured light guide An optical device for examining a fluid including a measuring space including a compulsory passage for the fluid to be examined, at least one source delivering a selected light to an optical illuminator serving to collect at least part of the light having traversed ... | 05/25/2010 |
| 7724372 | Apparatus with probe An apparatus adapted to obtain a profile of a density gradient sample independently of fractionation is provided. The apparatus includes a light source, a probe comprising a first probe needle actuatable to extend into a tube containing a sample, a first light-trans... | 05/25/2010 |
| 7719686 | System for measuring a color property of a liquid A system utilizing the flow cell of the present invention includes a reflectance mode spectrophotometer positioned with respect to the flow cell or a probe. Either the flow cell or the probe has a thin partition mounted in spaced relationship with respect to a trans... | 05/18/2010 |
| 7715009 | Optical instrument An apparatus for measuring an optical property of a fluid. The apparatus may comprise a light source for projecting a beam of optical energy through the fluid and a reflector positioned opposite the fluid from the light source. The apparatus may also comprise receiv... | 05/11/2010 |