Did You Know...
...that Charles Goodyear performed some of his experiments on rubber while in debtor's prison? He was there so often he referred to it as his "hotel". Chronically in debt because of poor business sense and ill health, Goodyear depended on the generosity of friends and family. Even after he unlocked the secret to vulcanizing rubber, he was unable to improve his financial situation. When he died, his estate was $200,000 in debt.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7780840 | Process for plating chromium from a trivalent chromium plating bath A plating process for plating chromium metal onto substrates is disclosed. The process uses a trivalent chromium plating bath with a sulfate and/or sulfonate matrix. The process also utilizes insoluble anodes. An addition of manganese ions to the plating bath inhibi... | 08/24/2010 |
| 7293423 | Method and apparatus for controlling freezing nucleation and propagation An apparatus and method of controlling freezing in a liquid system is disclosed. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger having a initial zone characterized by a surface area to volume ratio. The apparatus also includes means for initiating freezing of a fluid from ... | 11/13/2007 |
| 7278549 | Remedies to prevent cracking in a liquid system A liquid cooling system utilizing minimal size and volume enclosures, air pockets, compressible objects, and flexible objects is provided to protect against expansion of water-based solutions when frozen. In such a system, pipes, pumps, and heat exchangers are desig... | 10/09/2007 |
| 7201214 | Remedies to prevent cracking in a liquid system A liquid cooling system utilizing minimal size and volume enclosures, air pockets, compressible objects, and flexible objects is provided to protect against expansion of water-based solutions when frozen. In such a system, pipes, pumps, and heat exchangers are desig... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7201012 | Remedies to prevent cracking in a liquid system A liquid cooling system utilizing minimal size and volume enclosures, air pockets, compressible objects, and flexible objects is provided to protect against expansion of water-based solutions when frozen. In such a system, pipes, pumps, and heat exchangers are desig... | 04/10/2007 |
| 7077944 | Instrument for separating ions in time as functions of preselected ion mobility and ion mass An ion separation instrument includes an ion source coupled to at least a first ion mobility spectrometer having an ion outlet coupled to a mass spectrometer. Instrumentation is further included to provide for passage to the mass spectrometer only ions defining a pr... | 07/18/2006 |
| 7052592 | Chromium plating method An electrolyte bath and method of electrolytically plating a layer of metallic chromium on a substrate comprises providing an electrolyte bath of a trivalent chromium, passing a current through the bath from an anode to a cathode which receives the substrate, mainta... | 05/30/2006 |
| 6989087 | Metal finishes A method of forming a surface finish of trivalent chromium on metal or plastics substrates by electrodeposition from an aqueous plating solution of trivalent chromium ions in which the trivalent chromium is deposited on a layer of silver or silver alloy whereby the ... | 01/24/2006 |
| 6946201 | Chromium (VI)-free conversion layer and method for producing it A chromium(VI)-free, chromium(III)-containing and substantially coherent conversion layer on zinc or zinc alloys presenting, even in the absence of further components such as silicate, cerium, aluminum and borate, a corrosion protection of approx. 100 to 1000 h in t... | 09/20/2005 |
| 6251254 | Electrode for chromium plating An electrode adapted for chromium plating from trivalent chromium baths which comprises a conductive base, an electrode material layer comprising iridium oxide formed thereon, and a porous layer formed on the surface of the electrode material layer. The p... | 06/26/2001 |
| 6099714 | Passification of tin surfaces The present invention provides a method of coating a tin article with a non-hexavelant trivcalent chromium oxide and/or hydoxide in which the tin article is contacted with a trivalent chromium protective coating composition having an acid pH of about 2.0 ... | 08/08/2000 |
| 5868917 | Process for the electrodeposition of a chromium coating containing solid inclusions and plating solution employed in this process Process suitable for providing a substrate with a protective coating based on chromium, including a chromium matrix in which solid particles are distributed. The process includes a step of electrodeposition of the coating carried out by passing an electri... | 02/09/1999 |
| 5820741 | Passification of zinc surfaces A trivalent chromium protective coating composition for zinc or a zinc plated article having an acid pH of about 3.0 to 4.0 and a process for coating the zinc or zinc plated article in which the article is contacted with the composition and trivalent chro... | 10/13/1998 |
| 5770090 | Method for recovery of heavy metal from waste water A waste water stream containing a heavy metal such as chromium, zinc, copper, and the like is directed from a source after pH adjustment to a tank containing adsorption material in the form of granular activated carbon. A waste water stream is directed to... | 06/23/1998 |
| 5632880 | Process for galvanic chromium plating A process for galvanic deposition of chromium coatings is provided in which the base material is subjected to a galvanic chromium plating bath to form a hard chromium coating with beaded or columnar type surface structure, and the beaded or columnar type ... | 05/27/1997 |
| 5578167 | Substrate holder and method of use The etching of a thin substrate (23) is performed using a holder (10). The holder (10) has a base (11) that has a cavity (20). The cavity (20) is pressurized to compensate for the pressure and stress that is applied to the substrate (23) by an etchant sol... | 11/26/1996 |
| 5560815 | Electrolytic chromium plating method using trivalent chromium A chromium plating method using a plating bath comprising trivalent chromium and an electrode which is an anode comprising an electrode substrate of titanium, tantalum, zirconium, niobium or an alloy thereof, coated with an electrode catalyst comprising a... | 10/01/1996 |
| 5421988 | Method of manufacturing plated steel sheet with Zn-Cr composite plating There is disclosed a method of manufacturing a plated steel sheet with a Zn--Cr composite plating, wherein a total of 0.01 to 300 g/l of at least one type of salt having a pH buffering action in a pH range of 2 to 6 in a bath containing only zinc are adde... | 06/06/1995 |
| 5415763 | Methods and electrolyte compositions for electrodepositing chromium coatings Methods for electrodepositing a chromium coating on a substrate comprising mmersing the substrate in an aqueous electrolyte, and passing a sufficient current through the electrolyte to effect deposition of a chromium coating on the substrate. The aqueous e... | 05/16/1995 |
| 5294326 | Functional plating from solutions containing trivalent chromium ion Functional chromium and chromium-alloy deposits are obtained from an electroplating solution having substantially the composition: 22 g/l Cr+3 ; 250 g/l KCl; 63 g/l H3 BO3 ; 30 g/l HCO2= ; 15 g/lKBr; ... | 03/15/1994 |
| 5269905 | Apparatus and process to regenerate a trivalent chromium bath A process and apparatus for regenerating a plating bath comprising trivalent chromium cations (a trivalent chromium bath). The bath can be continuously, or more preferably, periodically with an ion exchange resin, preferably a cation exchange resin. A use... | 12/14/1993 |
| 5196109 | Trivalent chromium electrolytes and plating processes employing same An improved aqueous acidic trivalent chromium electrolyte and process for increasing the tolerance thereof to the presence of deleterious contaminating metal ions and organic impurities which normally progressively increase during commercial operation of ... | 03/23/1993 |
| 5196108 | Sucker rod oil well pump A method is shown for constructing portions of a sucker rod pump of the type having a steel plunger with an exterior cylindrical wall and a barrel with a cylindrical bore. A chromium case if formed on the cylindrical bore to a selected depth for receiving... | 03/23/1993 |
| 5194100 | Heat treatable chromium A method for depositing chromium on metal substrates is disclosed in which the chromium hardens when heated. The electrolytic plating bath includes water soluble Cr(III), a sulfate catalyst, a metal ion buffer, and sufficient amounts of a reducing agent s... | 03/16/1993 |
| 5178746 | Method for purification of trivalent chromium electroplating baths A new method for purification of trivalent chromium electroplating baths contaminated with cationic metal ions is disclosed. In this purification process, the contaminated trivalent chromium is passed at the pH level of the bath through one or more column... | 01/12/1993 |
| 4690735 | Electrolytic bath compositions and method for electrodeposition of amorphous chromium An electroplating bath for depositing amorphous chromium material comprising organic additives and a chromium trioxide to sulfuric acid weight ratio of from about 2:1 to about 40:1.... | 09/01/1987 |
| 4617095 | Electrolytic post treatment of chromium substrates An improved process and aqueous electrolyte for imparting improved corrosion resistance to chromium substrates, and particularly nickel-plated substrates having a chromium plating thereover deposited from a trivalent chromium electrolyte. The post-treatin... | 10/14/1986 |
| 4612091 | Chromium electroplating trivalent chrominum bath therefore and method of making such bath The present invention relates to an electrolysis bath based on trivalent chromium. This bath is characterized in that it contains a trivalent chromium halide which is neither chelated by a chelating product of chromium nor accompanied by a special organic... | 09/16/1986 |
| 4543167 | Control of anode gas evolution in trivalent chromium plating bath Chromium is electroplated from a bath which includes a trivalent chromium salt and chloride ions. Chlorine gas production at the anode is reduced through the incorporation in the plating bath of at least one salt having a nitrogen containing cation and at... | 09/24/1985 |
| 4507178 | Electrodeposition of chromium and its alloys A trivalent chromium electroplating process where the part to be plated is first pretreated with a sulphur compound, in order to accelerate the reduction of chromium ions to chromium metal during a subsequent plating step.... | 03/26/1985 |
| 4502927 | Electrodeposition of chromium and its alloys A trivalent chromium electroplating solution containing trivalent chromium ions, a complexant, a buffer and an organic compound having a --C.dbd.S group or a --C--S-- group. The complexant is selected to give the chromium complex a stability constant, K | 03/05/1985 |
| 4477318 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing metal ion reducing agents An aqueous acidic trivalent chromium electrolyte and process for electrodepositing chromium platings comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent chromium ions, a complexing agent, halide ions, ammonium ions and a reducing agent comprising a metal ion s... | 10/16/1984 |
| 4473448 | Electrodeposition of chromium Trivalent chromium is electrodeposited from an aqueous bath in which are dissolved very small proportions of compounds of classes (I) compounds containing ##STR1## group, preferably a thiocyanate or a compound of formula X--CSNR where X is R, S ... | 09/25/1984 |
| 4460438 | Process for the electrolytic deposit of chromium A process for the electrolytic deposition of chromium by means of a bath of trivalent chromium is characterized in that it uses, as electrolyte, a solution which is obtained by careful reduction of the chromic acid in a sulfuric medium by an excess of a r... | 07/17/1984 |
| 4450052 | Zinc and nickel tolerant trivalent chromium plating baths Nickel and/or zinc contamination can be handled by increasing the bath's level of tolerance to nickel and zinc, thereby eliminating the need to use precipitants. The instant invention relates to the use in a trivalent chromium bath contaminated with zinc ... | 05/22/1984 |
| 4447299 | Use of alcohol for increasing the current efficiency of chromium plating Plating bath solution usable in the electrodeposition of chromium on a cathode which includes methyl and/or ethyl alcohol.... | 05/08/1984 |
| 4439285 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing neodymium reducing agent An aqueous acidic trivalent chromium electrolyte and process for electrodepositing chromium platings comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent chromium ions, a complexing agent, halide ions, ammonium ions and a reducing agent comprising neodymium ion... | 03/27/1984 |
| 4432843 | Trivalent chromium electroplating baths and processes using thiazole addition agents An improved aqueous acidic trivalent chromium electrolyte and process for increasing the tolerance of such electrolytes to the presence of deleterious contaminating metal ions which normally progressively increase during commercial operation of the electr... | 02/21/1984 |
| 4392922 | Trivalent chromium electrolyte and process employing vanadium reducing agent An aqueous acidic trivalent chromium electrolyte and process for electrodepositing chromium platings comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent chromium ions, a complexing agent, halide ions, ammonium ions and a reducing agent comprising vanadium ions... | 07/12/1983 |
| 4383898 | De-watering of metal surfaces After a metal finishing treatment by means of an aqueous solution that forms a surface of free metal, or comprising metal ions, exposed to the environment, the surface is rinsed, contacted with a soap solution and subjected to a final rinse. The treatment... | 05/17/1983 |
