Did You Know...
...that two musicians were responsible for the invention of color print film? Fascinated by photography, Leopold Godowsky and Leopold Mannes worked together to produce an easy-to-use, practical color film. They worked full time as music teachers and gave concerts while experimenting during their off hours in Mannes' kitchen. Their success earned them full-time, well-paying jobs at Kodak and their efforts resulted in Kodachrome film, which was introduced in 1935.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7255893 | Protection of non-carbon anodes and other oxidation resistant components with iron oxide-containing coatings A method of forming a dense and crack-free hematite-containing protective layer on a metal-based substrate for use in a high temperature oxidising and/or corrosive environment comprises applying onto the substrate a particle mixture consisting of: 60 to 99 95 weight... | 08/14/2007 |
| 7192508 | Devices to conduct current to or from the electrodes in electrolysis cells, methods for preparation thereof, and an electrolysis cell and a method for production of aluminum by electrolysis of alumina solved in a melted electrolyte Device (1) to conduct current to or from the electrodes of an electrolysis cell, which device in the direction towards the electrolysis cell comprises three types of segments; at least one outer segment (2) joined with at least one intermediate segment... | 03/20/2007 |
| 7186357 | High swelling ramming paste for aluminum electrolysis cell A new ramming paste for aluminum reduction cell cathodes is a high swelling cold ramming paste made of a blend of pitch, light oil diluent and an aggregate comprising a mixture of anthracite and crushed anode butts or calcined coke. The presence of the crushed anode... | 03/06/2007 |
| 7033469 | Stable inert anodes including an oxide of nickel, iron and aluminum Ceramic inert anodes useful for the electrolytic production of aluminum are disclosed. The inert anodes comprise oxides of Ni, Fe and Al. The Ni—Fe—Al oxide inert anode materials have sufficient electrical conductivity at operation temperatures of aluminum produ... | 04/25/2006 |
| 7001494 | Electrolytic cell and electrodes for use in electrochemical processes An electrolytic cell with an anode and cathode for the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid and brine is provided. The anodes and cathodes of the present invention are made of a bulk ceramic or intermetallic material. ... | 02/21/2006 |
| 6977031 | Anode assembly An anode assembly for conducting electrical energy to an electrolytic smelting cell including an anode of high electrically conductive material connected to a yoke, the ends of the yoke being receivable within anodes, the yoke including a core of highly electrically... | 12/20/2005 |
| 6903313 | Resistance heating element for extreme temperatures An electrical resistance heating element operable at extremely high temperature, up 2300° C. when used in a vacuum or in a reducing atmosphere, and up to bout 1200° C. when used in an oxidizing atmosphere. The element is formed substantially from titanium silicon ... | 06/07/2005 |
| 6855234 | Sinter-bonded direct pin connections for inert anodes A sintered electrode assembly is made of an inert electrode (15) containing a sealed metal conductor (20) having a surface feature (30) such as a coating or wrapping which aids in bond formation with the inert electrode (15) at their inte... | 02/15/2005 |
| 6692620 | Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte A drained cathode cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a cell bottom (20) arranged to collect product aluminium and thermic insulating sidewalls (55,55') lined with a molten electrolyte resistant sidewall lining (50) which is made of materia... | 02/17/2004 |
| 6682643 | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a V-shaped cathode bottom and method of producing aluminium A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a plurality of metal-based anodes facing and spaced part from an aluminium-wettable drained cathode surface on which aluminium is produced. The drained cathode surface is formed along the cell by upper ... | 01/27/2004 |
| 6638412 | Prevention of dissolution of metal-based aluminium production anodes A method of inhibiting dissolution of a transition metal alloy anode (40) of an aluminium electrowinning cell comprises providing a sodium-inert layer (11,20,50,50') on a sodium-active cathodic cell material (15), such as carbon, and electrolysing alumina... | 10/28/2003 |
| 6607657 | Carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells Carbon-containing components of cells for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a cryolite-based molten electrolyte are protected from attack by liquid and/or gaseous components of the electrolyte in the form of elements,... | 08/19/2003 |
| 6558525 | Anode for use in aluminum producing electrolytic cell A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte, the method comprising the steps of providing a molten salt electrolyte at a temperature of less than 900° C. having alumina dissolved therein in an ele... | 05/06/2003 |
| 6551476 | Noble-metal coated inert anode for aluminum production This invention is an inert, non-consumed, anode for use in electrolytic production of aluminum from the ore, consisting of a plurality of parallel vertical wires, or rods, attached to a suspended support structure which is also connected to an electrical ... | 04/22/2003 |
| 6540887 | Aluminum electrowinning cells with oxygen-evolving anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises at least one non-carbon metal-based anode (10) having an electrically conductive metallic structure (12, 13, 15) which is suspended substantially parallel to a facing cathode (20, 21, 22). Such metallic... | 04/01/2003 |
| 6537438 | Method for protecting electrodes during electrolysis cell start-up The present invention is directed to methods for applying a protective layer (42) to the cathode (40) of an electrolysis cell (10), where the cell also contains inert anodes (50) and the protective layer (42) can comprise a plurality of layers (70, 72, 74... | 03/25/2003 |
| 6521115 | Nickel-iron alloy-based anodes for aluminium electrowinning cells An anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises an iron-nickel alloy body or layer whose surface is oxidised to form a coherent and adherent outer iron oxide-based layer, in particular hematite, the surface of which is electrochemically a... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6521116 | Cells for the electrowinning of aluminium having dimensionally stable metal-based anodes A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more intermediate laye... | 02/18/2003 |
| 6475358 | Method for providing a protective coating for carbonaceous components of an electrolysis cell A method of treating a carbonaceous cell component of an electrolyte cell for the production of aluminum, to impart protection against deterioration during operation of the cell. A liquid suspension of a refractory material dispersed in a lignosulfonate b... | 11/05/2002 |
| 6440279 | Chemical milling process for inert anodes A cermet inert anode having a reduced level of contaminating surface metal is disclosed. Methods for preparing cermet inert anodes and methods for treating cermet inert anodes are also disclosed. The methods generally use an oxidizing agent to convert met... | 08/27/2002 |
| 6440293 | Electrode and electrolyte for use in preparation of nitrogen trifluoride gas, and preparation method of nitrogen trifluoride gas by use of them An electrode for electrolyzing an electrolyte comprising an ammonium fluoride (NH4 F)-hydrogen fluoride (HF)-containing molten salt and having a composition ratio (HF/NH4 F) of 1 to 3 to prepare a nitrogen trifluoride (NF3... | 08/27/2002 |
| 6436274 | Slow consumable non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based slow-consumable anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium self-forms during normal electrolysis an electrochemically-active oxide-based surface layer (20). The rate of formation (35) of the layer (20) is substantially e... | 08/20/2002 |
| 6436272 | Low temperature aluminum reduction cell using hollow cathode A method of producing aluminum in an electrolytic cell containing alumina dissolved in an electrolyte. A plurality of non-consumable anodes are disposed substantially vertically in the electrolyte along with a plurality of monolithic hollow cathodes. Each... | 08/20/2002 |
| 6425992 | Surface coated non-carbon metal-based anodes A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based oxidation-resistant substrate to which an adherent multi-layer coating is applied ... | 07/30/2002 |
| 6423204 | For cermet inert anode containing oxide and metal phases useful for the electrolytic production of metals A cermet inert anode for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum is disclosed. The inert anode comprises a ceramic phase including an oxide of Ni, Fe and M, where M is at least one metal selected from Zn, Co, Al, Li, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, ... | 07/23/2002 |
| 6423195 | Inert anode containing oxides of nickel, iron and zinc useful for the electrolytic production of metals An inert anode for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum is disclosed. The inert anode includes a ceramic oxide material preferably made from NiO, Fe2 O3 and ZnO. The inert anode composition may comprise the followin... | 07/23/2002 |
| 6416649 | Electrolytic production of high purity aluminum using ceramic inert anodes A method of producing commercial purity aluminum in an electrolytic reduction cell comprising ceramic inert anodes is disclosed. The method produces aluminum having acceptable levels of Fe, Cu and Ni impurities. The ceramic inert anodes used in the proces... | 07/09/2002 |
| 6413406 | Electrocatalytically active non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based high temperature resistant anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a highly conductive metal-based substrate coated with one or more electrically conductive adherent intermediate protective layers and an outer layer wh... | 07/02/2002 |
| 6379526 | Non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon metal-based anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising an electrically conductive metal substrate resistant to high temperature, the surface of which becomes passive and substantially inert to the electrolyte, and a coatin... | 04/30/2002 |
| 6372119 | Inert anode containing oxides of nickel iron and cobalt useful for the electrolytic production of metals An inert anode for the electrolytic production of metals such as aluminum is disclosed. The inert anode includes a ceramic oxide material preferably made from NiO, Fe2 O3 and CoO. The inert anode composition may comprise the followin... | 04/16/2002 |
| 6361681 | Slurry for coating non-carbon metal-based anodes for metal production cells A method of coating an electronically conductive and heat resistant substrate of an anode of a cell for the electrowinning of metals, in particular a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium, to protect and make the surface of the anode active for the oxi... | 03/26/2002 |
| 6361680 | Ultrastable cell component for aluminum production cells and method Method and cell component for the electrowinning of aluminum by the electrolysis of alumina dissolved in a molten fluoride electrolyte comprises a porous micropyretic reaction product of nickel, aluminum, iron, copper and at least one additive element sel... | 03/26/2002 |
| 6358393 | Aluminum production cell and cathode A cell for the production of aluminium by the electrolysis of an aluminium compound dissolved in a molten electrolyte, in which an outer mechanical structure forming an outer shell (21) houses therein one or more inner electrically-conductive cathode hold... | 03/19/2002 |
| 6332969 | Inert electrode containing metal oxides, copper and noble metal A cermet composite material is made by treating at an elevated temperature a mixture comprising a compound of iron and a compound of at least one other metal, together with an alloy or mixture of copper and a noble metal. The alloy or mixture preferably c... | 12/25/2001 |
| 6312570 | Materials for use in electrochemical smelting of metals from ore This invention relates to a new family of materials that exhibits improved stability to the chemical environment used in metal ore reduction, and thus provides an opportunity for improving the energy use and efficiency of such processes by their use. More... | 11/06/2001 |
| 6258246 | Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte A drained cathode cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprises a cell bottom (20) arranged to collect product aluminium and thermic insulating sidewalls (40) lined with a molten electrolyte resistant sidewall lining (50), in particular containing si... | 07/10/2001 |
| 6258224 | Multi-layer cathode structures A process of producing multi-layer cathode structures. In one aspect, the process comprises providing a carbonaceous cathode substrate, and forming at least one layer of a metal boride-containing composite refractory material over the substrate, wherein t... | 07/10/2001 |
| 6251237 | Electrolytic pot for production of aluminum using the Hall-Heroult process comprising cooling means An electrolytic pot for the production of aluminum by the Hall-Heroult electrolysis process includes a cooling device for blowing air with localized jets, advantageously with variable flow, in order to evacuate and dissipate thermal energy from the pot. A... | 06/26/2001 |
| 6248227 | Slow consumable non-carbon metal-based anodes for aluminium production cells A non-carbon, metal-based slow-consumable anode of a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium self-forms during normal electrolysis an electrochemically-active oxide-based surface layer (20). The rate of formation (35) of the layer (20) is substantially e... | 06/19/2001 |
| 6187168 | Electrolysis in a cell having a solid oxide ion conductor An electrolytic cell and electrolytic process for producing a metal by reduction of a metal oxide dissolved in a molten salt bath containing at least one chloride and at least one fluoride. A solid conductor of oxide ions is interposed between the anode a... | 02/13/2001 |
