Famous Patents
3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 7270743 | Products produced form rapid thermal processing of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The process of the present invention provides for the pr... | 09/18/2007 |
| 7128812 | Apparatus and method for determining the level in a coke drum A foam level in a delayed coking drum is detected by utilizing the varying density of the boiling mass in the coke drum which has larger bubbles and is less dense at the top and smaller bubbles and a higher density at the bottom. A plurality of radiation detectors a... | 10/31/2006 |
| 6969496 | Apparatus with increased yield and selectivity using side-by-side reaction zones An apparatus provides for increased feed throughput without loss of conversion or selectivity by increasing the catalyst volume in a final reactor of at least three reaction zones. The catalyst volume of the final reactor may be larger because the inner and outer sc... | 11/29/2005 |
| 5750052 | Foam control method Methods for controlling foam in hydrocarbon liquids within hydrocracking unit separator systems utilizing alkylphenolformaldehyde resin alkoxylates with a propylene oxide/ethylene oxide block copolymer having a molecular weight of from about 2000 to 6000 ... | 05/12/1998 |
| 5601692 | Process for treating noncaking coal to form passivated char A continuous process for treating a noncaking coal to form stable char. The process includes the sequential steps of drying the coal to remove moisture therefrom and form a dry coal; pyrolyzing the dry coal by progressively heating substantially all of th... | 02/11/1997 |
| 5472637 | Control of foam in hydrocarbon fluids A method and composition for foam control in non-aqueous systems utilizing polyisobutylene compounds. The method is especially well adapted for use in oil distillation units and coking of crude oil residues.... | 12/05/1995 |
| 5423951 | Process of continuously making coke of high density and strength Pieces of coke of high density and strength are made continuously from fine particles of bituminous or subbituminous or lignite coals or of mixtures thereof. The particles are generally oxygenated, mixed with water, compressed to squeeze out some of the w... | 06/13/1995 |
| 5389299 | High temperature hydrocarbon defoamer composition and method Methods and compositions for controlling foam in high temperature hydrocarbons during processing animal oils, exemplified by mink oil, are added to the hydrocarbon to control foam.... | 02/14/1995 |
| 5248413 | Process for removing sulfur and producing enhanced quality and environmentally acceptable products for energy production from coal A process for producing enhanced quality adsorbent carbons and environmentally acceptable materials for energy production from coal includes an initial step of physically cleaning the coal to remove organic sulfur and mineral tailings. Next, a coal slurry... | 09/28/1993 |
| 5169560 | Control of foam in hydrocarbon fluids A method and composition for foam control in non-aqueous systems utilizing sulfonate or phosphinate compounds. The method is especially well adapted for use in oil distillation units and coking of crude oil residues.... | 12/08/1992 |
| 4935036 | Flash hydropyrolysis of bituminous coal A process is described for the flash pyrolysis of a high rank caking coal in a pyrolysis chamber in which the coal passes through a tacky state during flash pyrolysis. According to the novel feature, before entering the pyrolysis chamber, the particles of... | 06/19/1990 |
| 4886521 | Decaking of coal or oil shale during pyrolysis in the presence of iron oxides A method for producing a fuel from the pyrolysis of coal or oil shale in the presence of iron oxide in an inert gas atmosphere. The method includes the steps of pulverizing feed coal or oil shale, pulverizing iron oxide, mixing the pulverized feed and iro... | 12/12/1989 |
| 4528069 | Solvent pretreatment of coal to improve coke strength An improved process for making metallurgical coke is provided which enables the use of coals that ordinarily do not yield coke of expected stability based on the rank of the coal. The comminuted coal is pretreated by contacting and reacting the coal with ... | 07/09/1985 |
| 4469487 | Arrangement for and method of dosing fuel in fluidized bed reactor Fuels, particularly caking fuels, are supplied in a fluidized bed reactor by conveying a fuel through an injection pipe with an end provided with an injection nozzle in a fluidized bed reactor, conveying a fluid through a jacket pipe surrounding the injec... | 09/04/1984 |
| 4372756 | Two-stage coal gasification process Coal is processed first through a moving bed reactor and then through a fixed bed reactor. Hot carbonized coal char is fed from the first stage reactor to the second stage reactor via a lock hopper and gas is taken off from the reactors either in separate... | 02/08/1983 |
| 4352720 | Process and apparatus for the production of molded metallurgical coke from coal briquettes The process for the production of molded metallurgical coke from dried coal or fine coal mixtures with a low swelling index particularly highly volatile fine coal comprises mixing normal washed fine coal or fine coal mixtures of a grain size of from 0 to ... | 10/05/1982 |
| 4329528 | Method of defoaming crude hydrocarbon stocks with fluorosilicone compounds A method of defoaming crude hydrocarbon stocks comprising adding to the hydrocarbon stock at least 1 part per million of a fluorosilicone copolymer having from 20 to 70 mole percent of fluorosilicone siloxy units.... | 05/11/1982 |
| 4308668 | Process for heat treatment of coal In a process for heat treatment, highly hygroscopic coal, with a low carbon content and large equilibrium moisture, is rapidly heated with hot gas at a rate of temperature rise of at least 100° C./min up to a final heating temperature in the range of 300... | 01/05/1982 |
| 4305788 | Process for the production of molded metallurgical coke from coal briquettes The process for the production of molded metallurgical coke from dried coal or fine coal mixtures with a low swelling index particularly highly volatile fine coal comprises mixing normal washed fine coal or fine coal mixtures of a grain size of from 0 to ... | 12/15/1981 |
| 4303415 | Gasification of coal Coal is gasified, to yield a fuel gas having a medium-B.T.U. heating value, in the presence of air and steam in a plurality of reaction stages having different reaction temperatures. Reaction heat is principally supplied directly by recycle of char partic... | 12/01/1981 |
| 4300914 | Method and apparatus for gasifying with a fluidized bed gasifier having integrated pretreating facilities An integral gasifier including a pretreater section and a gasifier section separated by a distribution grid is defined by a single vessel. The pretreater section pretreats coal or other carbon-containing material to be gasified to prevent caking and agglo... | 11/17/1981 |
| 4280893 | Integrated coal conversion process An integrated process for the conversion of coal to liquid and gaseous fuels is disclosed. Coal and oil are hydrocracked in the presence of a particulate maxture of sand or clay and an iron and chromium alloy to form carbon-coated sand and an overhead pro... | 07/28/1981 |
| 4280876 | Coal pyrolysis process Method and apparatus for pyrolyzing agglomerative coals which comprises introducing a fluidized bed of hot char particles into a pyrolysis chamber or reactor, and injecting upwardly into the chamber a high velocity jet of agglomerative coal particles in a... | 07/28/1981 |
| 4274836 | Method for improving bed firing characteristics and inhibiting coalescence of coal pellets There is disclosed a method of reducing the swelling characteristics and bed characteristics of a pelletized fuel during a sintering operation. The method comprises the steps of pulverizing the coal to form a powdery mass, forming the mass into discrete p... | 06/23/1981 |
| 4268358 | Method of reducing the sulfur content of coal reduced to dust A method of reducing the sulfur content of coal, reduced to dust, by means of its own or external thermal energy and by means of rapid coking and/or rapid partial destructive distillation of the coal. The coal dust, which has been ground to less than 0.1 ... | 05/19/1981 |
| 4256539 | Method of generating gas and coke dust by rapid degasification and rapid vaporization A method of generating gas and coke dust by means of rapid degasification and rapid vaporization, with simultaneous extensive desulfurization, of coal ground into dust. In a first step, one portion of coal is subjected to complete or partial vaporization.... | 03/17/1981 |
| 4253937 | Coal liquefaction process Particulate coal is contacted with a hydrogen donor solvent, preferably a vapor phase hydrogen donor solvent, to swell the coal particles and, thereafter, the swollen coal particles are subjected to coal liquefaction conditions in the absence of liquid ph... | 03/03/1981 |
| 4252633 | Coal liquefaction process An integrated coal pretreatment, liquefaction and gasification process is provided in which particulate coal is contacted with a vapor phase hydrogen donor solvent to swell the coal particles. The swollen coal particles are subjected to coal liquefaction ... | 02/24/1981 |
| 4250014 | Coal liquefaction process Particulate coal is contacted with a vapor phase hydrogen donor solvent to swell the coal particles and, thereafter, the swollen coal particles are subjected to coal liquefaction conditions in the presence of a liquid phase solvent.... | 02/10/1981 |
| 4233036 | Process for preventing adhesion or caking of coal Disclosed is a method of preventing adhesion or caking of raw materials such as oil or coal as it is subjected to hydrogenation gasification while being heated to above 700° K. as it passes downwardly through a reaction vessel. The particles of raw mater... | 11/11/1980 |
| 4225391 | Method of preparing coals for coking A method of preparing coals for coking in a conventional coke oven includes agglomerating the loose coal, in combination with a binder, into flakes, mixing the flakes with non-agglomerated coal, and charging the mixture into the coke oven in the conventio... | 09/30/1980 |
| 4218287 | Method of avoiding agglomeration in fluidized bed processes A fluidized stream of coal particles is introduced into the bottom of a vertical reaction zone in a fluidized bed process at a velocity of greater than about 200 ft/sec in a vertically upwards direction, wherein agglomeration of the fluidized bed is preve... | 08/19/1980 |
| 4200494 | Method of preventing defluidization of carbonaceous particles Fresh carbonaceous particles are introduced into a fluid-bed reaction zone containing a bed of non-agglomerating particles at an injection velocity in excess of about 200 ft/sec with the fresh particles having been preheated to a temperature within the pl... | 04/29/1980 |
| 4200495 | Prevention of defluidization in the treatment of caking carbonaceous solids In the introduction of fresh carbonaceous particles into a fluid-bed reaction zone at injection velocities in excess of 20 ft/sec, a shroud gas is passed through a shroud passage on the injection nozzle at a velocity in excess of about 750 ft/sec, prefera... | 04/29/1980 |
| 4099933 | Process for the multiple zone gasification of coal The gasification of coal to produce a methane-rich product gas is accomplished through the controlled slow heating of particulate coal in a gasifier comprising two or more zones, whereby any significant decrease in the density of the coal particles is min... | 07/11/1978 |
| 4057402 | Coal pretreatment and gasification process A process for converting a finely divided carbonaceous material, particularly coal, to a fuel gas. A finely divided or pulverized carbonaceous feed material, such as coal, is pretreated at a temperature of about 700° - 800° F in order to destroy the cak... | 11/08/1977 |
| 4047883 | Thermal treatment of materials by hot particulates A method of heat treating a material, particularly for the despersion and firing of wet agglomerates, slurries, sludges and the like in fluidized bed, spouting bed or spouting/fluidised bed combustors, comprises extracting hot sold particles from the bed ... | 09/13/1977 |
| 4018654 | Pretreatment of coal during transport Many available coals are "caking coals" which possess the undesirable characteristic of fusing into a solid mass when heated through their plastic temperature range (about 400° C.) which temperature range is involved in many common treatment processes su... | 04/19/1977 |
| 4002535 | Preconditioning treatment of coal to minimize agglomeration A method of preconditioning agglomerating coal particles to substantially prevent agglomeration of a fluid-bed reaction zone in a reactor comprising preheating thd coal particles in dense phase flow, rapidly oxidizing the particles in a vertical standpipe... | 01/11/1977 |
| 4002533 | Two-step process for conditioning sized coal and resulting product An improved two-step fluid bed process for conditioning sized, agglomerative, high volatile bituminous coal is disclosed. The agglomerative bituminous coal is first crushed and sized for fluidization. A first treatment is conducted under oxidizing conditi... | 01/11/1977 |
