3M employee and church chorister Art Fry needed something to temporarily mark pages in his hymnal. He was in luck because his colleague, Spencer Silver, accidentally developed a glue that was too weak for other purposes. After initially discouraging consumer response, Post-it Notes became a hit in 1979.
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| Number | Title | Issue Date |
| 8088233 | Method of characterizing phase transformations in shape memory materials A method of characterizing phase transformations of a shape memory material specimen entails recording data from the specimen during heating and cooling. The temperature of the specimen is changed in a first direction to a first temperature sufficient to define a fi... | 01/03/2012 |
| 7722728 | Heat treatment method and heat treatment apparatus In a heat treatment method for supplying transforming gas and enriched gas inside a furnace and heat treating a workpiece inside the furnace, feedback control of carbon potential is performed by operating a supply flow rate of the enriched gas based on carbon potent... | 05/25/2010 |
| 7544256 | Process of preparing metal parts to be heated by means of infrared radiance A method for preparing metal for heating by infrared radiance to enable uniform and consistent heating. The surface of one or more metal parts, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy parts, is treated to alter the surface finish to affect the reflectivity of the surface... | 06/09/2009 |
| 7534313 | Systems and methods for controlling heat treating atmospheres and processes based upon measurement of ammonia concentration Systems and methods for determining an ammonia content of an ammonia-based atmosphere. The systems and methods provide a measurement vessel (70). The systems and methods provide an ammonia-based atmosphere conveyed into the measurement vessel (70). The... | 05/19/2009 |
| 7494553 | Method of determining a heat treatment and member so treated A method is provided of determining a heat treatment to apply to a structural member so as to modify the deformation behavior of the structural member when subjected to an applied stress. The method includes first simulating the deformation behavior of the structura... | 02/24/2009 |
| 7431780 | Method and apparatus for distorting a workpiece The method of distorting a workpiece (8) includes selecting a desired configuration of the workpiece; determining distortions (14) to be applied to at least two regions of the workpiece to cause the workpiece to adopt the desired configuration; and usi... | 10/07/2008 |
| 7399371 | Treatment method for improving fatigue life and long-life metal material treated by using same treatment A novel treatment method, for improving fatigue life, is provided that aims to resolve problems associated with conventional treatment methods for improving fatigue life of metal by reduction of stress concentration and conventional treatment methods for improving f... | 07/15/2008 |
| 7361233 | Methods of hydrogen cleaning of metallic surfaces The pulsed partial pressure hydrogen cleaning of cobalt-based alloys in turbine components is achieved by disposing the component within a vacuum furnace and heating the component. Upon heating to about 1400° F., a partial pressure hydrogen gas and a vacuum are rep... | 04/22/2008 |
| 7354491 | Method and apparatus for universal metallurgical simulation and analysis A method and apparatus (5) for simulating and analyzing industrial thermal processes, including industrial heat-treatment, processes, melting, solidification, quenching and the like, used in the manufacture of metals, alloys and metal matrix composite compone... | 04/08/2008 |
| 7354492 | Method for optimising the production technology of rolled products The inventive method is used for optimising a hot and/or cold strip mill process. Said method consists in discreetly measuring the technological parameters of a strip milling and the angular rates of the working rollers of mill stands and table rollers, in defining ... | 04/08/2008 |
| 7326445 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing ultra fine three-dimensional structure A method is adopted for deposition technology using a focused ion beam device, characterized by enabling structures to be formed by using phenanthrene as a source gas and using ions of gallium or gold, silicon or beryllium etc. of energies of 5 to 100 keV from a liq... | 02/05/2008 |
| 7276209 | Air-gas mixing systems and methods for endothermic gas generators Systems and methods create an air-gas mixture supply for an endothermic generator. The systems and methods convey a hydrocarbon gas under pressure through a valve, to thereby form an air-gas mixture supply for the endothermic generator. The systems and methods sense... | 10/02/2007 |
| 7273998 | System and method for monitoring laser shock processing A method and system for monitoring laser shock peening of a work piece. A line spectrum is obtained from radiation emitted by a plasma produced by a laser shock peening process. The shape of the line spectrum about its emission peak is compared to a defined line sha... | 09/25/2007 |
| 7268317 | Laser peening process and apparatus using a liquid erosion-resistant opaque overlay coating The invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving properties of a solid material by providing shockwaves there through. Laser shock processing is used to provide the shockwaves. The method includes applying a liquid energy-absorbing overlay, which is res... | 09/11/2007 |
| 7267731 | Method and system for fabricating three-dimensional microstructure A method of fabricating a three-dimensional microstructure provides data corresponding to information relating to the structure of a three-dimensional microstructure design. A sample is processed in accordance with the provided data by irradiating the sample with a ... | 09/11/2007 |
| 7236566 | In-situ X-ray diffraction system using sources and detectors at fixed angular positions An x-ray diffraction technique for measuring a known characteristic of a sample of a material in an in-situ state. The technique includes using an x-ray source for emitting substantially divergent x-ray radiation—with a collimating optic disposed with respect to t... | 06/26/2007 |
| 7175720 | Non-destructive testing method of determining the depletion of a coating It is disclosed a method of measuring the thickness and/or the depletion of Al and Cr of a γ/γ′ MCrAlY-coating after the use in a high temperature environment, the γ/γ MCrAlY-coating exhibiting a non-equilibrium γ/γ′-microstructure at a temperature lower t... | 02/13/2007 |
| 7173261 | Image noise removing method in FIB/SEM complex apparatus In an image noise prevention method in a composite system of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused ion beam apparatus (FIB), noise generated during a blanking period of the FIB is prevented from entering an image generated by the SEM by adjustment of sc... | 02/06/2007 |
| 7164955 | Method for online characterization of a moving surface and device therefor The process for the on-line characterization of a surface in motion, preferably a galvannealed sheet, essentially comprises an industrial microscope associated with a stroboscopic laser illumination device, a positioning assembly, an assembly for acquiring and proce... | 01/16/2007 |
| 7150798 | Non-destructive testing method of determining the service metal temperature of a component It is disclosed a method of determining the exposure temperature of Al and Cr of a γ/γ′ MCrAlY-coating after the use in a high temperature environment, the γ/γ′ MCrAlY-coating exhibiting a non-equilibrium γ/γ′-microstructure at a temperature lower than t... | 12/19/2006 |
| 7148448 | Monitored laser shock peening A pulse laser is configured for projecting a pulsed laser beam at a target site on a fluid film atop a workpiece for laser shock peening the workpiece. The fluid film is monitored by a probe laser which projects a probe laser beam at the target site, and an optical ... | 12/12/2006 |
| 7116428 | Method and device for measuring wall thickness of a pipe in a pipe-rolling mill A method and device for measuring the wall thickness of a pipe in a pipe-rolling mill wherein a Fabry-Pérot interfero-meter has its mirror spacing set by providing an input to a linear activity for one of the mirrors from a controller receiving an input from a phot... | 10/03/2006 |
| 7005016 | Hot rolled steel having improved formability A method of producing hot rolled steel having improved formability and minimal silver formation comprises the addition of Titanium and Boron to the molten steel to combine with and remove the free nitrogen prior to rolling. Titanium is added so that the amount of ni... | 02/28/2006 |
| 6925352 | Method and system for prediction of precipitation kinetics in precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloys Disclosed are a method and a system for predicting precipitation kinetics in precipitation-hardenable alloys, such as the 7000 series aluminum alloys, and for optimizing conditions for thermal treatment thereof. The method includes the steps of measuring a real-time... | 08/02/2005 |
| 6918974 | Processing of alpha-beta titanium alloy workpieces for good ultrasonic inspectability An alpha-beta titanium alloy workpiece, preferably furnished in the form of a cast ingot, is processed by mechanically working in the beta phase field and in the alpha-beta phase field, and thereafter quenching from the beta phase field. The workpiece is thereafter ... | 07/19/2005 |
| 6821361 | Quantitative measuring method and apparatus of metal phase using x-ray diffraction method, and method for making plated steel sheet using them A method and apparatus for quantitatively measuring a metal phase contained in a galvanized layer by X-ray diffractometry, and a method of producing a galvanized steel sheet by using the method and apparatus. The diffracted X-ray intensity from a metal phase contain... | 11/23/2004 |
| 6755923 | Method of controlling metal strip temperature The recoiling temperature of a metal strip from a continuous heat treatment line is controlled by continuously passing the metal strip through an accumulator system where it passes around spaced accumulator rolls. While travelling through the accumulator, the metal ... | 06/29/2004 |
| 6743309 | Method and apparatus for casting, hot rolling and annealing non-heat treatment aluminum alloys This invention provides a method and apparatus for casting, hot rolling and annealing of non-heat treatable aluminum alloys which comprises continuously casting, hot rolling and, in-line with the hot rolling line, heating the aluminum sheet using infrared heat. The ... | 06/01/2004 |
| 6723185 | Method for producing defects and tensile residual stresses A method, which is used to make controlled defects corresponding to natural flaws and residual stresses in various kinds of test pieces. Defects identical to natural flaws are required to qualify non-destructive testing (NDT) procedures. In the method, sequential, r... | 04/20/2004 |
| 6695936 | Methods and apparatus for using large inertial body forces to identify, process and manufacture multicomponent bulk metallic glass forming alloys, and components fabricated therefrom To identify and manufacture metallic glass forming alloys, large inertial forces or "g"-forces are used to sequentially separate crystalline phases (particles) as they sequentially form and grow in a molten alloy during gradual cooling of the alloy below ... | 02/24/2004 |
| 6689230 | Method and apparatus for cooling hot-rolled sections A method of cooling on a cooling bed hot-rolled steel sections from rolling heat, wherein the sections, particularly rails, have section parts of different masses arranged at a distance from each other over the cross-section of the section, and an apparat... | 02/10/2004 |
| 6612154 | Systems and methods for monitoring or controlling the ratio of hydrogen to water vapor in metal heat treating atmospheres Systems and methods for monitoring a heat treating atmosphere derive from at least one sensor placed in situ in the atmosphere a process variable, which is indicative of the ratio of gaseous hydrogen H2 (g) to water vapor H2 O(g) in ... | 09/02/2003 |
| 6554921 | Quality control plasma monitor for laser shock processing A method and apparatus for quality control of laser shock processing. The method includes measuring emissions and characteristics of a workpiece when subjected to a pulse of coherent energy from a laser. These empirically measured emissions and characteri... | 04/29/2003 |
| 6555063 | Evaluation apparatus for cleanliness of metal and method thereof In order to quickly and economically evaluate cleanliness of a metal with high representativity when quantities, compositions, etc., of non-metallic inclusion particles existing in a metal and resulting in product defects are evaluated by a sample collect... | 04/29/2003 |
| 6511760 | Method of passivating a gas vessel or component of a gas transfer system using a silicon overlay coating A method of passivating the interior surface of a gas storage vessel to protect the surface against corrosion. The interior surface of the vessel is first dehydrated and then evacuated. A silicon hydride gas is introduced into the vessel. The vessel and s... | 01/28/2003 |
| 6483578 | Mechanical gauges for quality assurance of laser peening A method and apparatus for measuring the quality of a laser peening process, which includes a test element, a mount for the test element, wherein the test element is mounted at a preselected point in the anticipated path of a laser pulse, the laser pulse ... | 11/19/2002 |
| 6436205 | Method for surface processing of a continuously cast steel product and device therefor In a surface processing method for removing surface flaws, surface contaminants, and the like from a continuously cast metal product in a hot state, at least a portion of at least one metal product surface is cooled for a defined temperature decrease of a... | 08/20/2002 |
| 6432718 | Evaluation apparatus for cleanliness of metal and method thereof In order to quickly and economically evaluate cleanliness of a metal with high representativity when quantities, compositions, etc., of non-metallic inclusion particles existing in a metal and resulting in product defects are evaluated by a sample collect... | 08/13/2002 |
| 6400037 | Method of marking on metallic layer, metallic layer with marks thereon and semiconductor device having the metallic layer This marking method is carried out with an object to form a mark of high visibility on a surface of a metallic layer of such as a cover plate of a semiconductor device or the like without generating metallic debris or the like. According to this method, o... | 06/04/2002 |
| 6365866 | Method for beam welding of hardenable steels by means of short-time heat treatment The invention concerns a method for beam welding of hardenable steels using a short-time heat treatment. A preferred area of application of the invention is motor vehicle and mechanical engineering. In the method according to the invention, the short-time... | 04/02/2002 |